Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (71052)
The Daum Cloud (aka net.daum.android.cloud) application 1.6.18 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Pets Fun House (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Pets_Fun_House) application 1.0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Ninja Chicken Ooga Booga (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Ninja_Chicken_Ooga_Booga) application 1.4.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Ninja Chicken Adventure Island (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Ninja_Chicken_Adventure_Island) application 1.1.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Ninja Chicken (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Ninja_Chicken) application 1.7.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Jewels & Diamonds (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Jewels_and_Diamonds) application 1.1.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bouncy Bill World-Cup (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Bouncy_Bill_World_Cup) application 1.0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bouncy Bill Seasons (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Bouncy_Bill_Seasons) application 1.3.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bouncy Bill Monster Smasher ed (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Bouncy_Bill_Monster_Smasher_Edition) application 1.0.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bouncy Bill Halloween (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Bouncy_Bill_Halloween) application 1.0.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bouncy Bill Easter Tales (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Bouncy_Bill_Easter_Tales) application 1.0.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bouncy Bill (aka mominis.Generic_Android.Bouncy_Bill) application 1.9.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Jack'd - Gay Chat & Dating (aka mobi.jackd.android) application 1.9.0a for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Pou (aka me.pou.app) application 1.4.53 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The icon wallpaper dressup-CocoPPa (aka jp.united.app.cocoppa) application 2.8.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The PlayMemories Online (aka jp.co.sony.tablet.PersonalSpace) application 4.2.0.05070 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Super Fast Browser (aka iron.web.jalepano.browser) application 2.0.5.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Web Browser & Explorer (aka internetexplorer.browser.webexplorer) application 4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The RegisteredAssistant (aka Icr.RegisteredAssistant) application 0.2.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Government Bookstore (aka hksarg.isd.sop.govbookstore) application 1.01 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Credit Union of Texas Mobile (aka Fi_Mobile.CUOT) application 1.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Web Browser for Android (aka explore.web.browser) application 1.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Mobiscope Local (aka ehs.mobiscope.kernel) application 1.05 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Food Planner (aka dk.boggie.madplan.android) application 4.8.4.3-google for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The IM+ (aka de.shapeservices.impluslite) application 6.6.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Uber B2B (aka de.mobileeventguide.uberb2b) application 1.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Paint for Friends (aka de.lotumlabs.buddypainting) application 1.5.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Antivirus Free (aka com.zrgiu.antivirus) application 7.2.16.02 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Kid Mode: Free Games + Lock (aka com.zoodles.kidmode) application 4.9.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Cut the Rope: Time Travel (aka com.zeptolab.timetravel.free.google) application 1.3.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Zipcar (aka com.zc.android) application 3.4.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Pizza Hut (aka com.yum.pizzahut) application 2.0.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Awesome Antivirus 2014 (aka com.yoursite.top5antivirus2014) application 1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Yellow Pages Local Search (aka com.yellowbook.android2) application 11.0.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Buy Tickets (aka com.xcr.android.buytickets) application 2.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Buy 99 Cents Only Products (aka com.ww99CentsOnlyStores) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The verizon (aka com.wverizonwirelessbill) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Verizon Instant Refills 24/7 (aka com.wVerizonInstantRefill247) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Twitter No Background (aka com.wTwitternobackground) application 0.85.13509.97828 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The wTradersActivity (aka com.wTradersActivity) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Tor Browser the Short Guide (aka com.wTorShortUserManual) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Pro Bet Tips (aka com.wProBetTips) application 0.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Jelly Splash (aka com.wooga.jelly_splash) application 1.11.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The wK12olslogin (aka com.wK12olslogin) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The XFINITY Constant Guard Mobile (aka com.whitesky.mobile.android) application 3.1.140603 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Government Best Jobs (aka com.wGovernmentBestJobs) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The FREE Pageplus Activation (aka com.wFREEPageplusActivations) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The RE-VOLT 2 : MULTIPLAYER (aka com.wegoi.revolt2multiplayer) application 1.1.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The RE-VOLT 2 : Best RC 3D Racing (aka com.wego.revolt2_global) application 1.2.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Eversnap Private Photo Album (aka com.weddingsnap.android) application 1.0.23 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Security - Complete (aka com.webroot.security.complete) application 3.6.0.6610 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Security - Free (aka com.webroot.security) application 3.6.0.6610 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Garfield's Diner (aka com.webprancer.google.GarfieldsDiner) application 1.4.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Garfield's Defense (aka com.webprancer.google.garfieldDefense) application 1.5.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The CDsoft (aka com.wCDSOFT) application 0.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Buy Coins (aka com.wBuyCoins) application 0.62.13364.24150 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Buy A Gift (aka com.wBuyAGift) application 13529.90084 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Buy Books (aka com.wBooksForSale) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Shop Love (aka com.waterwish.shoplove) application 1.05 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Wamba - meet women and men (aka com.wamba.client) application 3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Word Search (aka com.virtuesoft.wordsearch) application 2.3.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The russkoe TB HD (aka com.videotelecom.russkoeHD) application 3.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Viddy (aka com.viddy.Viddy) application 1.3.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Vevo - Watch HD Music Videos (aka com.vevo) application 2.0.27 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The uTorrent Remote (aka com.utorrent.web) application 1.0.20110929 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Security Service myBranch App (aka com.tyfone.ssfcu.mbanking) application 7.88.00.145 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Truecaller - Caller ID & Block (aka com.truecaller) application 4.32 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Gambling Insider Magazine (aka com.triactivemedia.gambling) application @7F0801AA for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Trapster (aka com.trapster.android) application 4.3.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The SwiftKey Keyboard + Emoji (aka com.touchtype.swiftkey) application 5.0.2.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Touchnote Postcards (aka com.touchnote.android) application 4.2.7 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bike Race Free - Top Free Game (aka com.topfreegames.bikeracefreeworld) application 4.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The BIKE RACING 2014 (aka com.timuzsolutions.bikeracing2014) application 1.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Fashion Style (aka com.thirtysixyougames.google.starGirlSingapore) application 3.4.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The GUNSHIP BATTLE : Helicopter 3D (aka com.theonegames.gunshipbattle) application 1.1.7 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Street Racing (aka com.tgb.streetracing.lite5pp) application 4.0.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Text Me!. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Telly - Watch the good stuff (aka com.telly) application 2.5.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Turbo River Racing Free (aka com.tektite.androidgames.trrfree) application 1.07 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Microsoft Tech Companion (aka com.technet) application 1.0.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Cisco Class Locator Fast Lane (aka com.tabletkings.mycompany.fastlane.cisco) application for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Donut Maker (aka com.sunstorm.android.donut) application 1.27 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Best Racing/moto Games Ranking (aka com.subapp.android.racing) application 2.2.7 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bunny Run (aka com.stargirlgames.google.bunnyrun) application 1.1.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The SomNote - Journal/Memo (aka com.somcloud.somnote) application 2.1.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Sonic CD Lite (aka com.soa.sega.soniccdlite) application 1.0.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The DISH Anywhere (aka com.sm.SlingGuide.Dish) application 3.5.10 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Slingo Lottery Challenge (aka com.slingo.slingolotterychallenge) application 1.0.34 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Penguin Run (aka com.skyboard.google.penguinRun) application 1.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Skout: Chats. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.