Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (71051)
The WD My Cloud (aka com.wdc.wd2go) application 4.0.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Sylphone (aka com.sylpheo.prospectosyl) application 5.3.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The SplashID (aka com.splashidandroid) application 7.2.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Sears (aka com.sears.android) application 6.2.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The SafeNetMobile Pass (aka securecomputing.devices.android.controller) application 8.3.7.11 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Piwik Mobile 2 (aka org.piwik.mobile2) application 2.0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Kmart (aka com.kmart.android) application 6.2.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The CNNMoney Portfolio (aka com.cnn.cnnmoney) application 1.03 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Cisco Technical Support (aka com.cisco.swtg_android) application 3.7.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Capital One Spark Pay (aka com.capitalone.sparkpay) application 0.9.81 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The CA DMV (aka gov.ca.dmv) application 2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Ask.com (aka com.ask.android) application 2.2.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Swish payments (aka se.bankgirot.swish) application 2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The mpang.gp (aka air.com.cjenm.mpang.gp) application 4.0.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The FortiManager protocol service in Fortinet FortiOS before 4.3.16 and 5.x before 5.0.8 on FortiGate devices does not prevent use of anonymous ciphersuites, which makes it easier for. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
IBM UrbanCode Deploy 6.1.0.2 before IF1 allows remote authenticated users to read keystore secret keys via a direct request to a UI page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
The ecalendar2 (aka cn.etouch.ecalendar2) application 4.5.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The BoyAhoy - Gay Chat (aka com.boyahoy.android) application 4.3.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Slide Show Creator (aka com.amem) application 4.4.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Star Girl: Colors of Spring (aka com.animoca.google.starGirlSpring) application 3.4.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Candy Blast (aka com.appgame7.candyblast) application 1.1.001 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The White & Yellow Pages (aka com.avantar.wny) application 5.1.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
Session fixation vulnerability in IBM Initiate Master Data Service 9.5 before 9.5.093013, 9.7 before 9.7.093013, 10.0 before 10.0.093013, and 10.1 before 10.1.093013 allows remote attackers to hijack. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.
The Administration and Reporting Tool in IBM Rational License Key Server (RLKS) 8.1.4.x before 8.1.4.4 allows remote authenticated users to hijack sessions via unspecified vectors. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.
The Administration and Reporting Tool in IBM Rational License Key Server (RLKS) 8.1.4.x before 8.1.4.4 does not set the secure flag for the session cookie in an https session, which makes it easier. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Web Components Server in Microsoft Lync Server 2013 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted URL, aka "Lync XSS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Epss exploitation probability 18.3% and no vendor patch available.
The Chartboost library before 2.0.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information via a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Selfie Camera -Facial Beauty- (aka com.cfinc.cunpic) application 1.2.7 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The CJmall (aka com.cjoshppingphone) application 4.1.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Windows Live Hotmail PUSH mail (aka com.clearhub.wl) application 1.00.97 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Knights N Squires (aka com.com2us.imhero.normal.freefull.google.global.android.common) application 1.1.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Kakao (aka com.com2us.tinypang.kakao.freefull2.google.global.android.common) application 2.11.1.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Dark Summoner (aka com.darksummoner) application 1.03.39 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Kaave Fali (aka com.didilabs.kaavefali) application 1.5.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Maleficent Free Fall (aka com.disney.maleficent_goo) application 1.2.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Dubstep Hero (aka com.electricpunch.dubstephero) application 1.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Big Win Slots - Slot Machines (aka com.gosub60.BigWinSlots) application 1.11.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Fairy Princess Makeover Salon (aka com.mobgams.dressup.fairy.princess.makeover) application 1.7 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Strike Fighters Israel (aka com.thirdwire.strikefighters.mideast.android) application 1.2.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Alsunna (aka com.wAlsunna) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The ADP AGENCY Immobiliare (aka com.wAdpagencyAndroid) application 0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The 2G Live Tv (aka com.ww2GLiveTv) application 0.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Girls Calendar Period&Weight (aka jp.co.cybird.apps.lifestyle.cal) application 3.2.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The forfone: Free Calls & Messages (aka com.forfone.sip) forfone application 1.5.11 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Acces Compte (aka com.fullsix.android.labanquepostale.accountaccess) application 3.2.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Girls Games - Shoes Maker (aka com.g6677.android.shoemaker) application 1.0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The My Railway (aka com.gameinsight.myrailway) application 1.1.33 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The GittiGidiyor (aka com.gittigidiyormobil) application 1.4.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Club Personal (aka com.globant.clubpersonal) application 2.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Solitaire Deluxe (aka com.gosub60.solfree2) application 2.8.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The FriendCaster Chat (aka com.handmark.friendcaster.chat) application 2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The hananbank (aka com.hanabank.ebk.channel.android.hananbank) application 4.06 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Hotel Story: Resort Simulation (aka com.happylabs.hotelstory) application 1.7.9B for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Farm Frenzy Gold (aka com.herocraft.game.farmfrenzy.gold) application 1.0.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Hobby Lobby Stores (aka com.hobbylobbystores.android) application 2.1.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The 3Kundenzone (aka com.hutchison3g.at.android.selfcare) application 2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Ibotta - Better than Coupons. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Rix GO Locker Theme (aka com.jiubang.goscreenlock.theme.rix.getjar) application 1.20.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Guess The Movie (aka com.june.guessthemovie) application 2.982 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The longjiang (aka com.longjiang.kr) application 2.0.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The The Cleaner - Speed up & Clean (aka com.liquidum.thecleaner) application 1.4.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The VK Kate Mobile (aka com.perm.kate) application 9.6.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Guitar Tuner Free - GuitarTuna (aka com.ovelin.guitartuna) application 2.4.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The OkCupid Dating (com.okcupid.okcupid) application 3.4.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The PHONE for Google Voice & GTalk (aka com.moplus.gvphone) application 1.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Tiny Tower (aka com.mobage.ww.a560.tinytower_android) application 1.7.0.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Mini Pets (aka com.miniclip.animalshelter) application 2.0.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The MeiPai (aka com.meitu.meipaimv) application 1.2.0 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Solitaire Arena (aka com.mavenhut.solitaire) application 1.0.15 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The lostword (aka zozo.android.lostword) application 5.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The VDM Officiel (aka vdm.activities) application 5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The ZOOM Cloud Meetings (aka us.zoom.videomeetings) application @7F060008 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The SGK Hizmet Dokumu 4a (aka tr.gov.sgk.hizmetDokumu4a) application 1.103 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Whisper (aka sh.whisper) application 4.0.6 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Safari Browser (aka safari.safaribrowser.internetexplorer) application 1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The World of Tanks Assistant (aka ru.worldoftanks.mobile) application 1.7.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Dating for everyone - Mamba!. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Mail.Ru Dating (aka ru.mail.love) application 3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Towers N' Trolls (aka project.android.ftdjni) application 1.6.4 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The PlayScape (aka playscape.mominis.gameconsole.com) application 9.3.3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The DataGard VPN + AV (aka ocshield.com) application @7F050013 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The smart.nhibzbanking (aka nh.smart.nhibzbanking) application 2.1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The smart.card (aka nh.smart.card) application 3.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The smart.calculator (aka nh.smart.calculator) application 2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The smart (aka nh.smart) application 3.0.5 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Chest Workout (aka net.p4p.chest) application 2.0.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The 8 Minutes Abs Workout (aka net.p4p.absen) application 2.0.9 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Bilgi Yarisi (aka net.mobilecraft.bilgiyarisi) application 1.8 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Reign of Dragons: Build-Battle (aka net.gree.android.pf.greeapp57501) application 2.4.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.
The Daum Cloud (aka net.daum.android.cloud) application 1.6.18 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4). No vendor patch available.