Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (12970)
An issue in Evope Core v.1.1.3.20 allows a local attacker to obtain sensitive information via the use of hard coded cryptographic keys. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper certificate validation vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper certificate validation vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Gitpod is a developer platform for cloud development environments. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
A security vulnerability has been detected in appneta tcpreplay 4.5.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Erroneously using an all-zero seed for RSA-OEAP padding instead of the generated random bytes, in Oberon microsystems AG’s Oberon PSA Crypto library in all versions up to 1.5.1, results in. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Padding oracle attack vulnerability in Oberon microsystem AG’s Oberon PSA Crypto library in all versions since 1.0.0 and prior to 1.5.1 allows an attacker to recover plaintexts via timing. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Padding oracle attack vulnerability in Oberon microsystem AG’s ocrypto library in all versions since 3.1.0 and prior to 3.9.2 allows an attacker to recover plaintexts via timing measurements of. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A Session Fixation vulnerability existed in Payload's SQLite adapter due to identifier reuse during account creation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Payload uses JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for authentication. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Uncaught exception issue exists in Multiple products in bizhub series. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Multiple products provided by iND Co.,Ltd contain an insecure storage of sensitive information vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in E4 Sistemas Mercatus ERP 2.00.019. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in coze-studio up to 0.2.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Xinhu RockOA up to 2.6.9. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Akamai Ghost before 2025-07-21 allows HTTP Request Smuggling via an OPTIONS request that has an entity body, because there can be a subsequent request within the persistent connection between an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was determined in Cudy WR1200EA 2.3.7-20250113-121810. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.0). No vendor patch available.
OpenEBS Local PV RawFile allows dynamic deployment of Stateful Persistent Node-Local Volumes & Filesystems for Kubernetes. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.0). Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in seeedstudio ReSpeaker LinkIt7688. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.0). Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Valtimo is a platform for Business Process Automation. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
Paymenter is a free and open-source webshop solution for hostings. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Volto is a React based frontend for the Plone Content Management System. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In JetBrains Junie before 252.284.66, 251.284.66, 243.284.66, 252.284.61, 251.284.61, 243.284.61, 252.284.50, 252.284.54, 251.284.54, 251.284.50, 243.284.54, 243.284.50 information disclosure was. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Contao is an Open Source CMS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
Contao is an Open Source CMS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
HCL BigFix SM is affected by cryptographic weakness due to weak or outdated encryption algorithms. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
HCL BigFix SM is affected by a Sensitive Information Exposure vulnerability where internal connections do not use TLS encryption which could allow an attacker unauthorized access to sensitive data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Asterisk is an open source private branch exchange and telephony toolkit. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Meitrack T366G-L GPS Tracker devices contain an SPI flash chip (Winbond 25Q64JVSIQ) that is accessible without authentication or tamper protection. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in the Udisks daemon, where it allows unprivileged users to create loop devices using the D-BUS system. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Certificate Validation in Checkmk Exchange plugin Dell Powerscale allows attackers in MitM position to intercept traffic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Certificate Validation in Checkmk Exchange plugin VMware vSAN allows attackers in MitM position to intercept traffic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Certificate Validation in Checkmk Exchange plugin Freebox v6 agent allows attackers in MitM position to intercept traffic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Certificate Validation in Checkmk Exchange plugin check-mk-api allows attackers in MitM position to intercept traffic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Certificate Validation in Checkmk Exchange plugin BGP Monitoring allows attackers in MitM position to intercept traffic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme Ireca allows PHP Local File Inclusion.8.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Kipso allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme Ovatheme Events allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in TieLabs Jannah allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Assaf Parag Poll, Survey & Quiz Maker Plugin by Opinion Stage allows PHP Local. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CodeYatri Gutenify allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Unfoldwp Magazine allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WPInterface BlogMarks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.0.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Unfoldwp Magazine Elite allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Unfoldwp Magazine Saga allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeUniver Glamer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.0.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Favethemes Houzez allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CocoBasic Neresa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Saeed Sattar Beglou Hesabfa Accounting allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.2.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability in chandrashekharsahu Site Offline allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.5.7. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
QuickCMS sends password and login via GET Request. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tls: separate no-async decryption request handling from async If we're not doing async, the handling is much simpler. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Incorrect permission assignment for critical resource issue exists in SS1 Ver.16.0.0.10 and earlier (Media version:16.0.0a and earlier), which may allow users who can log in to a client terminal to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Files or directories accessible to external parties issue exists in SS1 Ver.16.0.0.10 and earlier (Media version:16.0.0a and earlier). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inadequate encryption strength issue exists in SS1 Ver.16.0.0.10 and earlier (Media version:16.0.0a and earlier). Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Ajax Search Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Basic Information Exposure due to missing authorization in its AJAX search handler in all versions up to, and including, 4.13.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Xagio SEO plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 7.1.0.5 via the backup functionality due to weak filename structure and lack. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
IBM Security Verify Governance Identity Manager 10.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information when detailed technical error messages are returned. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The PCRE2 library is a set of C functions that implement regular expression pattern matching. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability in the REST API endpoints of Cisco Nexus Dashboard and Cisco Nexus Dashboard Fabric Controller (NDFC) could allow an authenticated, low-privileged, remote attacker to view sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the REST API endpoints of Cisco Nexus Dashboard and Cisco Nexus Dashboard Fabric Controller (NDFC) could allow an authenticated, low-privileged, remote attacker to view sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the logging feature of Cisco NX-OS Software for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches, Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode, Cisco UCS 6400 Fabric Interconnects,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A weakness has been identified in Campcodes Payroll Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Client-side password validation (CWE-602) in lumasoft fotoShare Cloud 2025-03-13 allowing unauthenticated attackers to view password-protected photo albums. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Dell ThinOS 10, versions prior to 2508_10.0127, contains an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The configuration file containing database logins and passwords is readable by any local user. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The vulnerability consists of a session ID leak when saving a file downloaded from CGM CLININET. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in macrozheng mall up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A flaw has been found in editso fuso up to 1.0.4-beta.7. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Svelte devalue is a utility library. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Agiloft Release 28 downloads critical system packages over an insecure HTTP connection. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In checkWhetherCallingAppHasAccess of DownloadProvider.java, there is a possible bypass of user consent when opening files in shared storage due to a confused deputy. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.