Information Disclosure

Authentication bypass in GeoVision LPC2011/LPC2211 license plate camera firmware version 1.10 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to brute-force predictable session cookies via the Web Interface and gain access to the device. The flaw stems from insufficient randomness in session token generation (CWE-341), enabling attackers to enumerate valid cookies through a crafted series of HTTP requests. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is low at 0.06%, but CISA SSVC rates technical impact as partial with no current exploitation observed.

Credential interception in GeoVision GV-IP Device Utility 9.0.5 allows network attackers to decrypt administrator passwords from broadcast UDP packets. The application broadcasts device commands with credentials encrypted using a modified Blowfish scheme, but includes the decryption key in the same packet - reducing security to algorithm obscurity. Attackers on the same LAN can capture these broadcasts when legitimate administrators interact with GeoVision IP cameras or devices, decrypt credentials using reverse-engineered algorithms, then gain full device control to reconfigure or factory-reset equipment. EPSS and KEV data not available; CVSS 9.3 reflects network-accessible credential disclosure requiring user interaction.

Improper authorization in Calibre-Web-Automated versions up to 4.0.6 allows authenticated remote attackers to generate or revoke Kobo authentication tokens for arbitrary users via an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the kobo_auth.py component. An attacker with valid login credentials can request /kobo_auth/generate_auth_token/<victim_user_id> to obtain tokens authorizing Kobo sync as any other user, or revoke their tokens to deny service. Publicly available exploit code exists and the vulnerability is confirmed patched in version 4.0.7.

Remote attackers can crash GoBGP v4.3.0 by sending a malformed BGP UPDATE message that triggers an out-of-bounds read in IPv6 extended community parsing. The flaw allows unauthenticated denial of service against default configurations with no authentication required (CVSS AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability. Upstream fixes available via GitHub commits 362cce3e and 9ce8936.

Assimp version 6.0.2 is vulnerable to denial of service through improper buffer handling in the FBXConverter::ConvertMeshMultiMaterial() function when processing crafted FBX model files. A remote attacker can trigger a crash by supplying a malicious FBX file via network or local file access, causing the application to become unavailable. Publicly available exploit code exists, though the vulnerability requires user interaction to process the malicious file.

Improper authorization in Calibre-Web up to version 0.6.26 allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the user_id parameter in the generate_auth_token function (cps/kobo_auth.py) to access or disclose information belonging to other users. The CVSS score of 2.1 reflects the requirement for prior authentication and limited impact scope, though publicly available exploit code exists.

Improper cryptographic signature verification in Dolibarr ERP CRM up to version 23.0.2 allows remote attackers to bypass signature validation in the Online Signature Module, potentially forging or manipulating signed transactions. The vulnerability affects the dol_verifyHash function and has been publicly disclosed with exploit code available, though exploitation requires high technical complexity and is not confirmed as actively exploited in production environments.

Frontend File Manager Plugin for WordPress through version 23.6 allows authenticated Subscriber-level users and higher to read arbitrary files belonging to other users via insecure direct object reference (IDOR) in the download endpoint. By manipulating the 'file_id' parameter, attackers can bypass authorization checks and access sensitive data stored by administrators and other privileged users. Publicly available exploit code exists for this vulnerability, though EPSS scoring (0.02%) suggests limited real-world exploitation relative to its high CVSS rating.

HTTP request smuggling in Starlet through version 0.31 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass header validation by exploiting incorrect precedence of Content-Length over Transfer-Encoding headers. The vulnerability violates RFC 7230 section 3.3.3, which mandates that Transfer-Encoding must take precedence when both headers are present. An attacker positioned between a client and Starlet-based backend can craft malicious requests that are interpreted differently by a front-end reverse proxy and the Starlet server, enabling request smuggling attacks with integrity impact.

Improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts in CodeWise Tornet Scooter Mobile App 4.75 on iOS and Android allows remote attackers to bypass rate-limiting controls on the /TwoFactor endpoint, potentially enabling brute-force attacks against two-factor authentication mechanisms. Publicly available exploit code exists. The vendor did not respond to early disclosure notification.

Out-of-bounds read in MikroTik RouterOS 6.49.8 SCEP endpoint allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger memory disclosure and potential service disruption via malformed transactionID or messageType parameters. Public exploit code exists on GitHub. CVSS 7.3 reflects network-accessible attack surface with low complexity, though impact is rated limited across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vendor non-responsive to coordinated disclosure attempts.

Improper authorization in ChatGPTNextWeb NextChat up to version 2.16.1 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass access controls in the addMcpServer function (app/mcp/actions.ts), potentially disclosing sensitive information. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.5 (moderate severity) with public exploit code available, though the vendor has not yet responded to the disclosed issue.

Permissive cross-domain policy in ChatGPTNextWeb NextChat up to version 2.16.1 allows remote attackers with user interaction to manipulate the Next.js API endpoint and enable untrusted domains to access application resources, leading to information disclosure. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, though the vendor has not yet responded to early disclosure notification.

External file inclusion in Totolink N300RH firmware 6.1c.1353_B20190305 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to manipulate the FileName parameter in the setUploadSetting function via /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi, enabling arbitrary file writes and denial of service. Publicly available exploit code exists, and the vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 6.5 reflecting network-accessible attack vector with low complexity.

Unauthenticated remote attackers can extract sensitive user information including email addresses, usernames, and user IDs through the '/dokan/v1/stores/{id}/reviews' REST API endpoint in Dokan plugin versions up to 4.3.1. The vulnerability affects only installations with the Pro version activated and store reviews enabled, allowing information disclosure of all customers who left vendor reviews. No public exploit code has been identified, but the attack requires no authentication or user interaction and can be automated at scale.

Insufficient verification of firmware authenticity in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP up to version 1.12B01 allows remote attackers to manipulate firmware updates through the cameo_dev.sh update handler, potentially leading to information disclosure. The vulnerability requires high attack complexity and difficult exploitation conditions. The affected hardware (v1.xR) reached end-of-life eight years ago and is no longer supported by the vendor, significantly limiting real-world exposure.

TRENDnet TEW-821DAP firmware version 1.12B01 transmits sensitive information in cleartext via the /www/cgi/ssi endpoint during firmware updates, allowing remote unauthenticated attackers to intercept credentials or configuration data. The vulnerability affects end-of-life hardware (version v1.xR) discontinued 8 years ago and no longer supported by the vendor. Public exploit code is available, though the attack requires high complexity conditions to execute successfully.

Insufficient verification of data authenticity in the firmware update handler of TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.12B01 allows remote attackers to manipulate the dest argument during firmware updates, leading to integrity violations. The vulnerability requires high attack complexity and affects only end-of-life hardware (version 1.xR) discontinued 8 years ago. CVSS score is 3.7 (low) with integrity impact but no confidentiality or availability impact; no public exploit confirmed.

My Social Feeds - Social Feeds Embedder WordPress plugin up to version 1.0.4 exposes sensitive TikTok OAuth credentials via an unauthenticated AJAX endpoint due to missing authorization and nonce checks. Authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access can retrieve stored access_token and refresh_token values belonging to administrator-connected TikTok accounts, enabling them to impersonate the site owner in TikTok API interactions. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported at the time of analysis, though the vulnerability is trivial to exploit once network access is established.

Unauthenticated attackers can access and modify plugin settings in the Widgets for Social Photo Feed WordPress plugin through missing capability checks on two REST API endpoints, allowing unauthorized data access and configuration changes in all versions up to and including 1.8. The vulnerability requires only network access with no user interaction, making it trivially exploitable by remote attackers without authentication credentials.

Improper authorization in JeecgBoot up to version 3.9.1 allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the ruleClass parameter in the /sys/fillRule/edit endpoint, leading to unauthorized access and information disclosure. The vulnerability affects the FillRuleUtil component and has publicly available exploit code; the vendor confirmed the issue and committed to patching in an upcoming release.

Authenticated users with low privileges can read cleartext Kubernetes Secret data through Argo CD's ServerSideDiff feature in versions 3.2.0-3.2.10 and 3.3.0-3.3.8. This scope-changing vulnerability (CVSS:3.1 S:C) allows attackers to access sensitive credential data managed by Kubernetes, including database passwords, API tokens, and certificates, by exploiting the server-side diff functionality. With a 7.7 CVSS score and low attack complexity (AC:L), this represents a significant confidentiality breach requiring only network access and basic authentication-no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the technical barrier to exploitation is minimal.

HTTP request smuggling in mtrudel bandit before version 1.11.0 allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass edge security controls when the application sits behind a proxy that interprets duplicate Content-Length headers differently. The vulnerability stems from Bandit accepting only the first Content-Length header while proxies may use the last value, causing request framing desynchronization that enables smuggling past WAF rules, path-based ACLs, rate limiting, and audit logging. CVSS 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/AT:P) indicates network-accessible exploitation with some attack timing complexity; no public exploit code or active KEV listing identified at analysis time, but RFC 9112 non-compliance creates a known attack pattern.

DTrace kernel instrumentation tool on Linux is vulnerable to a denial-of-service and potential privilege escalation attack when processing malicious ELF binaries with out-of-range sh_link fields. An unprivileged attacker can craft an ELF binary that, when instrumented by a root-level dtrace process, triggers an out-of-bounds heap read in the ELF parser. This can crash the dtrace daemon (DoS) or, depending on heap layout, lead to reading and dereferencing garbage pointers controlled by the attacker, potentially enabling code execution in a privileged context. The vulnerability requires local access and a privileged dtrace instance to be actively instrumentation the malicious process, but carries significant risk given dtrace's typical deployment in system administration and security monitoring contexts.

Incomplete validation of AI rich response messages for Instagram Reels in WhatsApp for iOS v2.25.8.0 through v2.26.15.72 and Android v2.25.8.0 through v2.26.7.10 allows authenticated attackers to trigger processing of media content from arbitrary URLs on a victim's device, potentially invoking OS-controlled custom URL scheme handlers to disclose limited information. No active exploitation has been observed in the wild, and CISA SSVC indicates no known exploitation path despite the network attack vector.

WhatsApp for Windows prior to v2.3000.1032164386.258709 permits attachment spoofing via maliciously formatted documents with embedded NUL bytes in filenames, causing the application to display files as benign types while executing them as executables upon opening. The vulnerability requires user interaction to open a crafted attachment delivered over the network, enabling an attacker to achieve code execution with the privileges of the WhatsApp process. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Unauthenticated traffic relay vulnerability in Prosody mod_proxy65 module allows network attackers to bypass access control during SOCKS5 activation, resulting in integrity compromise and service disruption without requiring authentication. Affected versions are Prosody before 0.12.6 and 1.0.0 through 13.0.0 before 13.0.5 when mod_proxy65 is enabled. CVSS 6.5 reflects medium severity with network-accessible attack surface, low complexity, and non-privileged unauthenticated access, though confirmed availability and integrity impact limits widespread severity.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel ksmbd (SMB server) during durable file handle scavenging allows memory corruption and potential remote code execution. When a durable SMB2 file handle survives session disconnect, the cleanup path dereferences a freed connection object via NULL fp->conn pointer during lock cleanup, causing a slab use-after-free. Exploitation probability is extremely low (EPSS 0.02%, 5th percentile) with no active exploitation confirmed. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.84, 6.18.25, 7.0.2, 7.1-rc1) address the asymmetric cleanup by properly managing byte-range lock lifetimes during durable handle reconnection.

Authentication bypass in Linux kernel's ksmbd SMB server allows any authenticated SMB user to hijack orphaned durable file handles by predicting persistent IDs, enabling unauthorized file access with the original owner's privileges. The flaw violates MS-SMB2 requirements for SecurityContext validation during durable handle reconnection. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.18.25, 7.0.2, 7.1-rc1). EPSS exploitation probability is low at 0.02% (4th percentile), and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified. CVSS 8.8 reflects high impact but requires low-privilege authentication.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel F2FS filesystem allows local authenticated attackers to trigger kernel panic or potentially achieve code execution. The vulnerability (CWE-416) occurs during concurrent write callback and unmount operations when f2fs_write_end_io() decrements page count before checking node inode validity, leading to NULL pointer dereference. Discovered via xfstests generic/107 and syzbot fuzzing. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed. Vendor patches available across stable kernel branches 6.18.25, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1.

Memory leak in f2fs_rename() function allows local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service through repeated file rename operations. The vulnerability exists in the f2fs filesystem implementation when handling SELinux label initialization during whiteout file creation, due to a missing f2fs_free_filename() call introduced in commit 40b2d55e0452. Vendor patches are available for Linux 6.6.136, 6.12.84, 6.18.25, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1.

Resource exhaustion in Linux kernel ksmbd server allows remote unauthenticated attackers to permanently deny SMB service by consuming connection slots through forced allocation failures. The vulnerability leaks active_num_conn counter values when alloc_transport() fails during TCP connection setup on port 445, permanently consuming slots from the max_connections pool until module reload. Attackers can accelerate exhaustion by holding open connections with large RFC1002 lengths (up to 16MB) to trigger memory pressure. EPSS score of 0.11% suggests low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists. Vendor patches available for kernel versions 6.6.136, 6.12.84, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb: client: fix dir separator in SMB1 UNIX mounts When calling cifs_mount_get_tcon() with SMB1 UNIX mounts, @cifs_sb->mnt_cifs_flags needs to be read or updated only after calling reset_cifs_unix_caps(), otherwise it might end up with missing CIFS_MOUNT_POSIXACL and CIFS_MOUNT_POSIX_PATHS bits. This fixes the wrong dir separator used in paths caused by the missing CIFS_MOUNT_POSIX_PATHS bit in cifs_sb_info::mnt_cifs_flags.

Remote unauthenticated attackers can trigger out-of-bounds memory access in the Linux kernel SMB client's DACL parsing code by sending a malicious SMB response with a truncated DACL structure. The vulnerability exists in build_sec_desc() and id_mode_to_cifs_acl() functions which insufficiently validate server-supplied ACL data before rewriting it during chmod/chown operations, allowing ACE traversal beyond validated memory bounds. CVSS 8.8 indicates high severity with network vector requiring user interaction. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low observed exploitation probability in the wild, and no active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV). Vendor patch available targeting Linux kernel 7.0.2 and 7.1-rc1.

A malicious SMB server can trigger out-of-bounds heap memory disclosure in Linux kernel SMB client (CIFS) through crafted QUERY_INFO responses. Vulnerable Linux kernel versions 5.1 through 6.12.84 do not validate server-reported OutputBufferLength against actual response size before copying data to userspace, allowing a rogue SMB server to expose adjacent kernel heap contents. Patches available across stable kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.84, 6.18.25, 7.0.2, 7.1-rc1). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low exploitation probability; no active exploitation confirmed. Attack requires user interaction to mount malicious SMB share.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel f2fs compressed writeback allows local authenticated users to trigger memory corruption, potentially executing arbitrary code or causing system crashes. Affects f2fs-compressed filesystems in Linux kernel 5.6 through 7.1-rc2, with patches available in 6.6.136, 6.12.84, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite CVSS 7.8 rating. This mirrors CVE-2026-23234's race condition pattern but in the compression code path that was missed by the earlier fix. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public POC identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free vulnerability in the ALSA caiaq USB audio driver allows local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service by triggering asynchronous card free callbacks after USB device disconnection. The vulnerability stems from missing reference counting on the parent USB device pointer, combined with an inappropriate usb_reset_device() call in the card teardown path. EPSS exploitation probability is minimal (0.02%), and no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel virt_wifi driver allows local authenticated users to trigger memory corruption during ethtool operations on virtual WiFi devices being unregistered. The vulnerability stems from improper device parent reference handling via SET_NETDEV_DEV, where ethnl_ops_begin() calls pm_runtime_get_sync() on already-freed memory when a virt_wifi device unregisters concurrently with ethtool operations. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though CVSS 7.8 reflects potential for complete system compromise if successfully triggered.

A denial-of-service vulnerability in the Linux kernel's IPv6 checksum GSO fallback logic allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger system instability via specially crafted tunneled IPv6 packets with extension headers. The flaw affects network packet processing when NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM offload is enabled, causing incorrect handling of tunneled traffic that requires software checksumming. EPSS score is low (0.02%, 7th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation activity. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple kernel version branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0), confirmed by upstream Linux kernel commits. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though CVSS vector indicates straightforward network-based exploitation (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N).

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's MANA network driver allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute code with kernel privileges. The flaw occurs when auxiliary_device_add() fails in add_adev(), triggering cleanup that frees memory still referenced by subsequent error-handling code. Patches available across stable kernel branches (6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Uninitialized memory in the Linux kernel SCSI target subsystem (target_core_file) causes write operations to fail unpredictably when bogus ki_write_stream values trigger block device validation checks. Affected versions span Linux kernel 6.16 through development branches, with stable patches released for 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. While CVSS scores this as 7.5 High with network vector (AV:N), the description indicates a local kernel subsystem issue affecting SCSI target configurations, suggesting a vector/impact mismatch. EPSS probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile) with no evidence of active exploitation or public POC, indicating minimal real-world targeting despite the high CVSS score.

tcm_loop target reset handler fails to drain in-flight SCSI commands, violating SCSI error handling contract and causing LUN reference leaks that deadlock configfs LUN unlink operations. Local users with appropriate privileges can trigger denial of service by initiating reset sequences while SCSI commands are in flight, leaving the kernel in an unkillable D-state waiting for LUN reference counts to clear. This is a local denial of service affecting the SCSI target core's tcm_loop loopback driver across multiple kernel versions.

Logic error in Linux kernel mac80211 TDLS handling allows local authenticated users to modify wireless channel context and HT protection settings by invoking NL80211_TDLS_ENABLE_LINK on non-TDLS stations. Missing validation causes the kernel to apply TDLS-specific operations to regular Wi-Fi stations, potentially disrupting wireless connectivity and creating integrity/availability impacts. Vendor patches available for kernel 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low probability of exploitation despite CVSS 7.1 rating. No evidence of active exploitation or public POC identified at time of analysis.

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the Linux kernel's Wacom HID driver (wacom_intuos_bt_irq function) allows adjacent network attackers to cause information disclosure or denial of service through maliciously crafted short Bluetooth HID reports. The vulnerability affects the Bluetooth interface of Wacom Intuos tablets, where report types 0x03 and 0x04 are processed without validating minimum lengths (22 and 32 bytes respectively), enabling memory reads beyond buffer boundaries. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0) with no active exploitation confirmed (EPSS 0.02%, not in CISA KEV).

Use-after-free in Linux kernel HID subsystem allows local attackers with low privileges to achieve arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service when force feedback initialization fails on Logitech G920 racing wheels. The vulnerability occurs when userspace continues accessing freed memory structures (sysfs and /dev/input) after initialization errors. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low probability of mass exploitation, consistent with hardware-specific local attack surface requiring physical device presence.

Adjacent network attackers can achieve high-severity code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service in the Linux kernel HID (Human Interface Device) subsystem by exploiting a bounds-checking flaw in hid_report_raw_event(). A bogus memset() operation intended to zero unused buffer space instead creates out-of-bounds read/write conditions when processing malformed HID input reports from adjacent devices (USB, Bluetooth). Vendor patches available for stable branches 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests minimal observed exploitation, but the unauthenticated adjacent-network attack vector with low complexity makes this exploitable in environments with untrusted HID peripherals.

Kernel denial of service via crafted btrfs metadata allowing local attackers to trigger an unguarded BUG_ON() condition during relocation recovery at mount time. The vulnerability arises when a root item on disk contains a non-zero drop_progress with zero drop_level, an invalid state that should not exist but lacks validation on read. CVSS 5.5 reflects local attack vector and availability impact; EPSS 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation likelihood.

Memory corruption in the Linux kernel CAAM (Cryptographic Acceleration and Assurance Module) crypto driver allows local authenticated users to corrupt kernel memory and potentially escalate privileges. The vulnerability occurs when HMAC keys longer than the hash block size are processed - the driver allocates a DMA-aligned buffer size but fails to use it, causing the hashed key to overwrite adjacent memory. Vendor patches are available for stable kernel versions 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Race condition in Linux kernel MPLS subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger out-of-bounds memory access via concurrent label table resizing. The vulnerability affects RCU-protected codepaths (mpls_forward, mpls_dump_routes) that can obtain inconsistent snapshots of platform_labels array metadata during resize operations, potentially leading to information disclosure or denial of service. Vendor patch available addressing the issue through seqcount-based synchronization. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no active exploitation or public POC identified.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: qrtr: replace qrtr_tx_flow radix_tree with xarray to fix memory leak __radix_tree_create() allocates and links intermediate nodes into the tree one by one. If a subsequent allocation fails, the already-linked nodes remain in the tree with no corresponding leaf entry. These orphaned internal nodes are never reclaimed because radix_tree_for_each_slot() only visits slots containing leaf values. The radix_tree API is deprecated in favor of xarray. As suggested by Matthew Wilcox, migrate qrtr_tx_flow from radix_tree to xarray instead of fixing the radix_tree itself [1]. xarray properly handles cleanup of internal nodes - xa_destroy() frees all internal xarray nodes when the qrtr_node is released, preventing the leak. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260225071623.41275-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ipv6: ndisc: fix ndisc_ra_useropt to initialize nduseropt_padX fields to zero to prevent an info-leak When processing Router Advertisements with user options the kernel builds an RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT netlink message. The nduseroptmsg struct has three padding fields that are never zeroed and can leak kernel data The fix is simple, just zeroes the padding fields.

Remote code execution and information disclosure in Linux Kernel's TI ICSSG PRU Ethernet driver allows unauthenticated network attackers to leak kernel heap memory to userspace and potentially corrupt page_pool state. The zero-copy RX dispatch path fails to copy received packet data into newly allocated skbs, instead forwarding uninitialized heap memory up the network stack. Vendor patches available for kernel 6.19.12 and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low observed exploitation activity despite critical CVSS 9.8 rating and network attack vector.

Memory corruption in Linux kernel IPv6 ICMP error handling allows remote unauthenticated attackers to potentially achieve code execution or information disclosure. The vulnerability arises from incomplete control block (CB) sanitization when converting IPv4 ICMP errors to ICMPv6, enabling forged CIPSO options in outer IPv4 packets to manipulate inner IPv6 packet parsing. This can trigger out-of-bounds memory access extending into skb_shared_info structures. Despite CVSS 9.8 critical rating, EPSS exploitation probability is extremely low (0.02%, 7th percentile), no public exploit code exists, and CISA has not listed this as actively exploited. Patches are available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Information disclosure in the Linux kernel's traffic control (tc) scheduler allows local users with low privileges to read uninitialized kernel heap memory through the tc_chain_fill_node() function, which fails to zero-initialize the tcm_info field in netlink messages before transmission to userspace. The vulnerability affects multiple stable kernel series and has a vendor-released patch available across all affected versions.

A local denial of service vulnerability in the Linux kernel bnxt_en driver allows authenticated local users to crash the system by triggering an out-of-bounds array access during backing store capability queries. The vulnerability stems from incorrect use of firmware-provided type values to index fixed metadata arrays, rather than using the known loop iteration index. Exploitation requires local access and user-level privileges (PR:L), and no active exploitation has been reported.

Memory corruption in Linux kernel's crypto authencesn subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to disclose sensitive kernel memory, modify data integrity, or cause denial of service through improper handling of sequence bits during out-of-place decryption operations. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions from 4.3 through multiple stable branches (5.10.x, 5.15.x, 6.1.x, 6.6.x, 6.12.x, 6.18.x, 6.19.x) with patches available across all affected branches. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel NFC PN533 UART driver allows local authenticated attackers to exhaust memory by sending malformed NFC frames without valid headers, causing unbounded socket buffer growth until kernel crash. Affects Linux 5.5 through 7.0 with patches available across all maintained stable branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0); EPSS exploitation probability is minimal at 0.02%, but local privilege is required.

Linux kernel axienet driver can permanently stall network transmit queues due to incorrect Byte Queue Limits (BQL) accounting when scatter-gather TX packets span multiple NAPI polls. When a multi-buffer-descriptor packet completes across different polling cycles, only partial byte counts are credited to BQL, causing the subsystem to incorrectly believe bytes remain in-flight indefinitely and halting transmission. Vendor patches available for stable branches (6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is 2% (4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed, indicating low real-world targeting despite the 7.5 CVSS score.

A logic error in the Linux kernel's BPF verifier regsafe() function allows local attackers with low privileges to exploit improper state exploration for packet pointer ranges, potentially leading to high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The vulnerability affects multiple stable kernel branches from 5.10 through 6.19, with vendor patches available across all affected versions. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Denial of service via soft lockup in Linux kernel MPTCP (Multipath TCP) receive function allows remote unauthenticated attackers to lock up a CPU core indefinitely when applications use MSG_PEEK with MSG_WAITALL flags. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of peeked socket buffers that remain in the receive queue, causing sk_wait_data() to never actually wait and spinning in an infinite loop. EPSS score is low (0.02%, 4th percentile) indicating minimal observed exploitation probability. Vendor patches available for kernel versions 6.18.x and 6.19.x series.

Local privilege escalation and information disclosure in Linux kernel netfilter x_tables subsystem allows authenticated local users to leak memory contents or crash the system due to improper null-termination validation of string names passed to c-string functions. CVSS 7.1 (High/Confidentiality, High/Availability impact) but low real-world priority: EPSS 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation likelihood. Patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). No active exploitation confirmed, no POC identified, requires local authenticated access with low privileges.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel netfilter subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability occurs when unregistering connection tracking helpers - expectations referencing the helper survive cleanup and later dereference the freed helper object during expectation dumps or new connection establishment. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Information disclosure in the Linux kernel netfilter ctnetlink module allows local authenticated users to read stale NAT configuration data from kernel memory via a crafted netlink message. When ctnetlink_alloc_expect() allocates connection tracking expectations without initializing NAT fields, uninitialized memory containing sensitive data from previous slab allocations is exposed to userspace during expectation dumps. This requires local access and low-privileged authentication (PR:L) but carries a high availability impact due to potential memory disclosure vectors.

A buffer overflow in the Linux kernel netfilter ctnetlink subsystem allows authenticated local attackers to read arbitrary kernel memory. The vulnerability arises when userspace provides a helper name for a new expectation that differs from the master conntrack helper, causing the kernel to read 4 bytes beyond the expectation boundary. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). Despite a CVSS base score of 7.3, the EPSS score is exceptionally low (0.02%, 7th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation attempts, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, suggesting no confirmed active exploitation.

Denial of service in Linux kernel netfilter nf_tables subsystem allows local privileged users to crash the system by issuing immediate NF_QUEUE verdicts, which are not properly validated and cause kernel panic when processed through the arp family or other code paths that lack queue support. The vulnerability affects multiple kernel versions and requires local access with limited privileges (CAP_NET_ADMIN or equivalent) to exploit.

Race condition in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth SCO socket implementation allows local authenticated users to trigger use-after-free and memory corruption via concurrent connect() syscalls on the same socket. The vulnerability affects the sco_sock_connect() function which fails to properly serialize state checks, enabling two threads to simultaneously progress through connection setup on a socket already marked for cleanup, leading to double-free conditions and connection object leaks. Vendor-released patches are available for kernel versions 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows authenticated local users to cause denial of service through improper resource management in hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() function. The vulnerability affects Bluetooth HCI synchronization queue handling, where the function fails to properly indicate queue item addition status, leading to potential resource leaks and system unavailability. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS severity.

Memory and reference leaks in the Linux kernel Bluetooth hci_sync subsystem allow local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service by triggering hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() failures without invoking the destroy callback, leading to unreclaimed resources. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions prior to 6.19.12 and 7.0, with EPSS score of 0.02% indicating very low real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS score.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high privileges. The vulnerability exists in set_cig_params_sync where hci_conn objects can be freed or modified concurrently during lookup and field access due to inadequate locking. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in Linux Kernel Bluetooth stack allows adjacent network attackers to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or cause denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability exists in hci_le_remote_conn_param_req_evt where hci_conn lookup and field access occurs outside the hdev lock protection, enabling concurrent memory corruption. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Linux kernel Bluetooth MGMT subsystem fails to validate the advertised data length field in mesh send operations, allowing local authenticated attackers to trigger denial of service by reading beyond allocated buffer boundaries. The vulnerability affects the mesh_send() function which accepts a truncated MGMT_OP_MESH_SEND command that passes length checks but contains mismatched adv_data_len and actual payload, leading to out-of-bounds access during async mesh transmission. Patch versions include 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.1.168, 6.18.22, and 7.0.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's BPF sockmap implementation allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability occurs in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready() when handling AF_UNIX sockets, where sk->sk_socket can be accessed after being freed following sock_orphan(). This affects Linux kernel versions 5.15 through 6.19.12, with patches available for stable branches 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low observed exploitation probability in the wild, and no active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Memory leak in the MACB (Cadence Gigabit Ethernet Controller) driver allows local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service through resource exhaustion by failing to unregister fixed-rate clocks allocated during device probe, resulting in memory and clock resource depletion. EPSS exploitation probability is minimal at 0.02%, indicating low real-world risk despite CVSS score of 5.5. Patch versions are available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

A denial of service vulnerability in the Linux kernel's mlx5 (Mellanox/NVIDIA) network driver causes a kernel panic when switchdev mode initialization fails during rollback to legacy mode. A local unprivileged user on systems with affected mlx5 hardware can trigger improper netdevice unregistration, leading to a kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12070 and system crash. The vulnerability affects multiple stable kernel versions; vendor-released patches are available.

Double-free vulnerability in Linux kernel X.25 networking subsystem allows remote network attackers to potentially achieve denial of service or arbitrary code execution. The flaw occurs in x25_queue_rx_frame when socket buffer allocation fails, causing the same skb to be freed twice through the call chain from x25_backlog_rcv. Despite critical CVSS 9.8 score, exploitation probability remains low (EPSS 2%, 7th percentile) with no confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code identified. Patches available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0).

Denial of service in Linux kernel eBPF subsystem allows local attackers with standard privileges to crash the system by attaching sleepable eBPF kprobe_multi programs that invoke non-sleepable contexts. The vulnerability exists because bpf_kprobe_multi_link_attach() fails to validate the sleepable flag before program attachment, permitting sleepable helpers like bpf_copy_from_user() to execute in atomic RCU contexts, triggering kernel panics with 'sleeping function called from invalid context' errors. EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.02%, suggesting practical exploitation barriers despite local network access requirements.

Linux kernel BPF verifier incorrectly prunes execution paths due to imprecise state tracking in atomic fetch operations, allowing local attackers to bypass security checks in eBPF programs. The verifier's backtracking logic fails to mark stack slots as precise when BPF_ATOMIC instructions with BPF_FETCH modify both memory and destination registers, causing two legitimately different program states to be incorrectly considered equivalent during path pruning. Vendor patches available in kernel versions 6.19.12 and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of mass exploitation, though successful exploitation grants high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact per CVSS 7.8.

A use-after-free resource management flaw in the Linux kernel's Qualcomm AI accelerator (QAIC) driver allows local authenticated users to cause denial of service and potentially escalate privileges. When a DBC (Device Binding Context) owner process terminates before handling device-initiated deactivation messages, the kernel fails to release DBC resources, causing subsequent activation attempts to hang indefinitely and creating exploitable resource state inconsistencies. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions 6.4 through 6.19.12, with vendor patches available across multiple stable branches (6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified.

Out-of-bounds memory read in Linux kernel io_uring subsystem allows local authenticated users to leak kernel memory or trigger denial of service. The vulnerability exists in io_uring's fixed buffer import logic when registering zero-length buffer regions, causing the bvec skip logic to read beyond allocated slab memory. Patches available across stable kernel branches (6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates low likelihood of widespread exploitation. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), no public POC identified at time of analysis.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwmon: (tps53679) Fix array access with zero-length block read i2c_smbus_read_block_data() can return 0, indicating a zero-length read. When this happens, tps53679_identify_chip() accesses buf[ret - 1] which is buf[-1], reading one byte before the buffer on the stack. Fix by changing the check from "ret < 0" to "ret <= 0", treating a zero-length read as an error (-EIO), which prevents the out-of-bounds array access. Also fix a typo in the adjacent comment: "if present" instead of duplicate "if".

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: stm32-ospi: Fix resource leak in remove() callback The remove() callback returned early if pm_runtime_resume_and_get() failed, skipping the cleanup of spi controller and other resources. Remove the early return so cleanup completes regardless of PM resume result.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe/xe_pagefault: Disallow writes to read-only VMAs The page fault handler should reject write/atomic access to read only VMAs. Add code to handle this in xe_pagefault_service after the VMA lookup. v2: - Apply max line length (Matthew) (cherry picked from commit 714ee6754ac5fa3dc078856a196a6b124cd797a0)

A denial-of-service vulnerability in the Linux kernel's DRM/XE PXP (Protected Execution) driver causes an infinite loop when a restart flag is not cleared after a jump operation, allowing local authenticated users to hang or crash the system. The vulnerability affects multiple kernel versions through a logic error in the pxp_start function that was resolved in stable patches for Linux 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: amlogic: spifc-a4: unregister ECC engine on probe failure and remove() callback aml_sfc_probe() registers the on-host NAND ECC engine, but teardown was missing from both probe unwind and remove-time cleanup. Add a devm cleanup action after successful registration so nand_ecc_unregister_on_host_hw_engine() runs automatically on probe failures and during device removal.

Out-of-bounds memory read in Linux kernel's Intel PMU (Performance Monitoring Unit) handling allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to potentially access sensitive kernel memory, modify data, or cause system crashes. The flaw occurs when perf auto counter reload groups contain software events, triggering an unsafe container_of operation that can dereference memory outside valid bounds. EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile), and no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis. Patches available for kernel versions 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/ioc32: stop speculation on the drm_compat_ioctl path The drm compat ioctl path takes a user controlled pointer, and then dereferences it into a table of function pointers, the signature method of spectre problems. Fix this up by calling array_index_nospec() on the index to the function pointer list.

Out-of-bounds read in Linux kernel iwlwifi driver allows adjacent network attackers to disclose sensitive kernel memory or trigger denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability affects the iwlwifi wireless driver's network detection match handler function, where insufficient packet length validation enables memcpy to read beyond allocated buffer boundaries. EPSS probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV). Vendor patches available across multiple kernel stable branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Stack buffer out-of-bounds read in Linux kernel ALSA snd_usb_caiaq driver allows local authenticated users to disclose kernel stack memory and potentially trigger denial of service. The vulnerability affects systems with USB audio devices using the caiaq driver when product names contain many non-ASCII characters. Present since kernel v2.6.31-rc1 (June 2009), this 16-year-old off-by-one error lacks null terminator validation during whitespace stripping. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0).

Denial of service in the Linux kernel ALSA ctxfi audio driver allows local authenticated attackers to crash the system via improper error handling in the daio_device_index() function. The ctxfi driver failed to validate return values from index mapping operations, enabling a local user with standard privileges to trigger an unhandled error condition that disables audio functionality or causes system instability.

Integer overflow in Linux kernel io_uring subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger slab-out-of-bounds memory reads and denial of service. The vulnerability stems from improper type casting of user-supplied length values in network bundled receive/send operations, where values exceeding INT_MAX cause negative overflow leading to infinite loops and out-of-bounds array access. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation. Vendor patches available for affected stable kernel branches (6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0), making this a straightforward patching priority for systems running vulnerable versions with io_uring enabled.