Information Disclosure

Chrome DevTools Protocol exposure in OpenClaw sandbox browser allows adjacent network attackers to remotely control sandboxed Chrome instances and access sensitive data. The CDP relay binds to 0.0.0.0 without source IP restrictions in versions before 2026.4.10, enabling attackers on the same Docker network to bypass sandbox isolation and execute arbitrary JavaScript in browser contexts. Vendor-released patch available (v2026.4.10); no public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS 9.0 reflects adjacent network attack vector with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact across virtual and system scopes.

Sandbox escape in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers to break out of Chrome's security sandbox via specially crafted network traffic targeting a policy enforcement weakness in DevTools. The vulnerability requires high attack complexity (CVSS AC:H) but no user interaction, enabling complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability if successfully exploited. Vendor patch released in Chrome 148.0.7778.96 per official Google Chrome stable channel update. Despite CVSS 8.1 (High), Chromium assigns Low security severity, suggesting limited real-world exploitability or significant attack prerequisites. No active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution within Chrome's sandbox affects all versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 through an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the AdFilter component. Attackers can execute arbitrary code by delivering a specially crafted HTML page, requiring only that a user visit the malicious page. Chrome has released version 148.0.7778.96 to address this vulnerability. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept code at time of analysis, though the vulnerability's network-based attack vector and low complexity make it a realistic exploitation target once technical details become public.

Out-of-bounds read in Chrome's codec implementation allows remote attackers to extract potentially sensitive data from process memory by delivering a malicious media file. Affects Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96. The vulnerability requires user interaction (opening or playing a crafted file) but operates over the network. Google rated this as Medium severity within the Chromium security framework.

Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox through malicious HTML pages. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation in Chrome's Navigation component, requiring both network access and user interaction but enabling complete system compromise (high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact) once the renderer is compromised. Vendor-released patch available in version 148.0.7778.96, announced via Google's stable channel update.

Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox via crafted HTML pages exploiting ServiceWorker implementation flaws. This vulnerability requires high attack complexity and user interaction but enables complete system compromise once the initial renderer compromise is achieved. Vendor patch released in Chrome 148.0.7778.96 per official Chrome security bulletin.

Sandbox escape in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 enables compromised renderer processes to break out of browser security isolation via malicious HTML. This two-stage attack requires first exploiting a separate renderer vulnerability, then leveraging insufficient validation in the InterestGroups component to escalate privileges. The vulnerability is confirmed patched by Google (chromereleases advisory) with no public exploit code or active exploitation identified at time of analysis. CVSS 8.3 (High) reflects the severe impact of full sandbox escape, though the High attack complexity (requiring prior renderer compromise) limits immediate risk compared to single-stage remote code execution vulnerabilities.

Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox via type confusion in the Accessibility subsystem. The attack requires user interaction with a malicious webpage and successful renderer compromise as a prerequisite, representing a critical escalation path in multi-stage attacks. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Renderer process compromise in Google Chrome for Android before 148.0.7778.96 enables sandbox escape through malicious HTML pages exploiting insufficient input validation in the Media component. Attacker requires user interaction to compromise the renderer first, then can break out of Chrome's security sandbox to execute code with broader system privileges. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96 per Google's May 2026 stable channel update.

Out-of-bounds memory access in Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine enables remote code execution within the browser sandbox when users visit malicious websites. Affects all Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 across Windows, macOS, and Linux. Google released patches in the stable channel update (build 148.0.7778.96) per May 2026 advisory. No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but CVSS 8.8 indicates high severity and the vulnerability requires only user interaction (visiting a crafted webpage) with no authentication needed.

Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking in DevSpace UI Server allows remote attackers to execute commands inside Kubernetes pods when developers visit malicious websites while DevSpace UI is running. The UI server's WebSocket endpoint at localhost:8090 accepts connections from any origin, enabling browser-based exploitation without authentication. DevSpace 6.3.20 and earlier are affected; version 6.3.21 contains the fix. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, but exploitation technique is well-documented in WebSocket security research. The vulnerability enables attackers to stream pod logs, open interactive shells, and execute pipeline commands through the victim's active DevSpace session.

Local privilege escalation in Johnson Controls AC2000 physical access control system (versions 10.6-12.x) allows authenticated local users to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges by manipulating DLL search paths. The CWE-427 uncontrolled search path vulnerability enables attackers with low-privilege local access to plant malicious libraries that AC2000 loads during startup or operation, achieving high confidentiality and integrity impact. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, and CVSS 4.0 local attack vector (AV:L) with low privileges required (PR:L) indicates this requires initial system access but minimal complexity once achieved.

Adjacent network code execution in gopls language server occurs when developers use debugging flags -listen or -port without explicit host specification. The Go language server (gopls) binds to all network interfaces (0.0.0.0) instead of localhost when these debugging flags are used, enabling unauthenticated remote code execution from adjacent network attackers. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the attack vector is straightforward for developers who enable network debugging in shared network environments like coffee shops or corporate LANs. EPSS data not available for this recent CVE.

Local privilege escalation in WatchGuard Agent for Windows allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary code with elevated system privileges through DLL hijacking. The agent searches for dependencies in user-controllable directories, enabling attackers with standard user credentials to plant malicious DLLs that load when the service starts. WatchGuard has released version 1.25.03.0000 to address this uncontrolled search path vulnerability (CWE-427).

Hard-coded cryptographic key in WatchGuard Agent for Windows enables local authenticated attackers to inject malicious code into existing agent processes, achieving high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise. WatchGuard Agent versions prior to 1.25.03.0000 are affected. CVSS v4.0 score of 8.5 reflects local attack vector with low complexity and low privilege requirements, though no active exploitation (KEV) or public POC has been identified at time of analysis. The vulnerability's CWE-321 classification indicates embedded cryptographic material that could be extracted and reused for process injection attacks.

Privilege escalation in WatchGuard Agent for Windows allows authenticated local users to gain NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM privileges via incorrect permissions in the patch management component. CVSS 7.3 with low attack complexity and local attack vector. No active exploitation or public exploit code identified at time of analysis. EPSS data not available - real-world risk depends on defender endpoint deployment environments where local user access is already established.

HTTP Request Smuggling in Gazelle (Perl web server) versions through 0.49 enables attackers to smuggle malicious requests through reverse proxies by exploiting incorrect header precedence. Gazelle violates RFC 7230 by prioritizing Content-Length over Transfer-Encoding: chunked when both headers are present, allowing desynchronization between front-end proxies and the backend server. SSVC framework indicates the vulnerability is automatable with partial technical impact, while CVSS 7.5 reflects network-accessible unauthenticated exploitation with high integrity impact. A vendor patch is available via CPANSec.

Predictable session ID generation in Apache::Session::Generate::ModUniqueId 1.54-1.94 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to forge session tokens and hijack user sessions. The vulnerability stems from using Apache mod_unique_id values as session identifiers-these values are deterministic and constructed from publicly observable or easily guessable components (server IP, process ID, timestamp, counter). With CVSS 9.1 and SSVC automation classification, this enables systematic session hijacking at scale despite no confirmed active exploitation.

Improper DMA buffer unmapping in the Linux kernel ec_bhf Ethernet driver allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to trigger memory corruption, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service with container escape capability (scope change). The vulnerability exists in error path handling where dma_free_coherent() receives the wrong DMA handle parameter (alloc_len instead of alloc_phys), causing incorrect buffer unmapping. Patches available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates very low probability of exploitation in the wild, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds memory access in the Linux kernel's mailbox subsystem allows a local low-privileged attacker to read adjacent kernel memory or crash the system by exercising the default fw_mbox_index_xlate() translation function. The flaw affects platforms whose device tree declares '#mbox-cells = <0>' on a mailbox controller that supplies neither an fw_xlate nor of_xlate handler, so the generic index translator runs without a bounds check. EPSS is negligible (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no public exploit has been identified, but a stable-tree patch is available across multiple kernel branches.

Local authenticated attackers can trigger an out-of-bounds kernel memory read in Linux kernel's xe graphics driver (6.18-6.19.x) via malicious pat_index values in the madvise IOCTL. This allows information disclosure from kernel memory and potential denial of service through kernel crashes. The vulnerability exists because madvise_args_are_sane() fails to validate pat_index bounds before passing it to xe_pat_index_get_coh_mode(), which performs unsafe array access into xe->pat.table. Vendor patches available for kernels 6.18.16+ and 6.19.6+ implement bounds checking with array_index_nospec() to prevent both direct exploitation and Spectre-based side-channel attacks. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Double-free memory corruption in Linux kernel device-mapper subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger use-after-free conditions, potentially leading to privilege escalation or denial of service. The vulnerability manifests when using request-based DM targets (e.g., dm-multipath) over NVMe devices, where cloned request bios are freed twice due to stale bio pointers in clone requests. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low predicted exploitation probability; no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds memory access in Linux kernel's Microchip IPC mailbox driver allows local attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high integrity and confidentiality impact. The mchp-ipc-sbi driver incorrectly indexes a dynamically allocated cluster configuration array using non-contiguous hardware thread IDs (hartid) instead of sequential CPU IDs, causing reads/writes beyond array bounds on systems where hartid values exceed the number of online CPUs. Vendor patches available for stable kernel series 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests low probability of mass exploitation despite high CVSS severity, with no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation / memory corruption in the Linux kernel's bnxt_en driver (Broadcom NetXtreme-C/E Ethernet) arises from flawed RSS context deletion logic that mishandles firmware VNIC resources when an interface is brought down and back up with active RSS contexts. The bug, classified as a double free (CWE-415), can cause VNIC resource leaks and failed context restoration, with potential for kernel memory corruption. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the EPSS probability is negligible (0.02%).

Out-of-bounds memory access in Linux kernel Qualcomm Camera Subsystem (camss) allows local authenticated users to achieve arbitrary code execution, data corruption, or denial of service. The vfe_isr() function iterates beyond the bounds of the vfe->line[] array (size 4) using a loop count of 7, enabling access to memory at offsets +4, +5, and +6. Vendor patches available across multiple stable branches (6.1.167, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV).

AMD IOMMU completion wait operations in the Linux kernel can trigger soft lockups under high load when strict mode is enabled (iommu.strict=1). The vulnerability stems from busy-waiting inside a spinlock with interrupts disabled, causing kernel responsiveness issues and potential denial of service on systems with AMD IOMMU hardware. Patches are available across multiple kernel stable branches (6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score is low (0.02%, 5th percentile) with no confirmed active exploitation or public POC identified at time of analysis.

Kernel panic or denial of service occurs in the NTFS filesystem driver when d_compare() operations block on memory allocation. Linux kernel versions from mainline commit 1da177e4c3f4 through 6.18.x, 6.19.x, and early 7.0 are affected. The vulnerability stems from improper use of __getname() within the d_compare() function which can block, violating kernel locking requirements and causing system instability under memory pressure. EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation likelihood. Vendor patches available for versions 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0.

Out-of-bounds array access in the Linux kernel's NTB Switchtec hardware driver allows authenticated local users with low privileges to read sensitive kernel memory or trigger denial of service. The vulnerability affects the mw_sizes array when NTB (Non-Transparent Bridge) configurations set memory window LUTs to MAX_MWS, enabling access beyond array boundaries. Exploitation probability is low (EPSS 0.02%, 7th percentile) with no confirmed active exploitation or public POC. Vendor patches are available across all affected stable kernel branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0).

Race condition in Linux kernel SMB client allows concurrent query interface work items to corrupt network interface state. Affects mainline Linux kernel and stable branches 6.6.x through 7.0. Exploitation requires user interaction (likely mounting/accessing SMB shares) but enables remote attackers to achieve high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability extremely low (0.02%, 5th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed, POC status unknown.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's Atmel HLCDC DRM driver allows local authenticated users to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or cause denial of service. The atmel_hlcdc_plane_atomic_duplicate_state() function incorrectly copies plane state without properly duplicating the drm_plane_state structure, leaving a stale commit pointer that triggers use-after-free during subsequent drm_atomic_commit() calls. Vulnerability surfaces when reopening the device node while another DRM client remains attached. EPSS score is low (0.02%) and no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but local privilege escalation potential and vendor-released patches across multiple stable kernel branches indicate genuine risk for systems using Atmel HLCDC display hardware.

Heap buffer overflow in Linux kernel's nf_conntrack_h323 netfilter module allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger 1-2 byte out-of-bounds read via crafted Q.931 SETUP messages to port 1720. The vulnerability affects firewalls with H.323 connection tracking active and can cause information disclosure or denial of service. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests low exploitation probability despite network-accessible attack vector. Patches available across all maintained stable branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0).

Use-after-free in Linux kernel farsync driver allows remote code execution when FarSync T-series WAN cards are detached while tasklets remain active. The vulnerability occurs when fst_tx_task or fst_int_task continue executing after fst_card_info is freed in fst_remove_one(), causing the kernel to access deallocated memory. Despite the CVSS 8.8 score with network vector, the EPSS score is extremely low (0.02%, 7th percentile), suggesting minimal real-world exploitation likelihood. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV). Patches available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0).

Denial of service in Linux kernel RDS networking module allows remote unauthenticated attackers to cause persistent network reconnection failures through improper bit flag handling. The vulnerability affects the Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol implementation where canceling a reconnect worker without clearing the reconnect-pending bit causes a permanent stuck state, preventing legitimate network reconnections. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 7th percentile), and no public exploit or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Denial of service in Linux kernel's RDS/TCP networking subsystem allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger connection state machine deadlock, causing persistent service unavailability. The vulnerability stems from improper state transition handling in RDS_CONN_ERROR conditions introduced by multipath changes, where connections can bypass normal shutdown procedures and become permanently stuck with queued shutdown workers. With CVSS 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and EPSS probability of 0.02%, this represents a moderate-severity issue affecting network-facing systems using RDS protocol. Patches available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0).

A memory corruption vulnerability in the Linux kernel's Verisilicon AV1 media driver allows local authenticated attackers to write tile info data beyond allocated buffer boundaries, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution with kernel privileges. The vulnerability affects kernel versions from 6.5 onwards where commit 727a400686a2 introduced the flaw. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing.

A race condition in the Linux kernel CIFS (Common Internet File System) implementation allows attackers to exploit improper locking of tcon (tree connection) fields, potentially achieving high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The vulnerability stems from legacy use of cifs_tcp_ses_lock instead of the more granular tc_lock for protecting tcon structure fields, creating synchronization gaps that could be exploited through crafted SMB operations requiring user interaction. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0), with EPSS indicating low exploitation probability (0.02%, 5th percentile) and no confirmed active exploitation at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in Linux Kernel KVM x86 allows authenticated users with low privileges to potentially achieve arbitrary code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service by exploiting a missing SRCU read-side lock when reading PDPTR registers via the KVM_GET_SREGS2 ioctl. The vulnerability triggers a lockdep warning and unsafe memory slot access in __get_sregs2(), affecting Linux kernel versions from 5.14 onward. Vendor patches available across multiple stable branches (6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) suggests low exploitation probability in the wild, with no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing confirmed at time of analysis.

LoongArch architecture's cpumask_of_node() function in the Linux kernel mishandles NUMA_NO_NODE (-1) as a node index, potentially enabling local authenticated users to achieve high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (CVSS 7.8). Patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0) address the improper input validation. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

A double-unlock bug in the Linux kernel PCI subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger lock corruption, leading to privilege escalation, information disclosure, or denial of service. The flaw exists in pci_slot_trylock() where improper error handling after commit a4e772898f8b unlocks a bridge device lock that was never acquired, causing either lock state corruption or unlocking another thread's lock. With CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L) and EPSS of 0.02% (7th percentile), this is a local vulnerability with low exploitation complexity requiring authenticated access. Vendor patches are available across all active kernel stable branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel fore200e ATM driver allows local attackers to achieve high-severity impacts during PCA-200E or SBA-200E adapter removal. When the device is detached, tx_tasklet or rx_tasklet may still be running and access already-freed memory in fore200e_tx_tasklet() or fore200e_rx_tasklet(), potentially leading to code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service. Patches available across stable kernel branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. Not listed in CISA KEV. Identified through static analysis, suggesting no active in-the-wild exploitation at time of disclosure.

Linux kernel's mlx5e driver allows local denial of service via kernel crash when IPsec event handling triggers illegal sleeping operations in atomic context. The mlx5e_ipsec_handle_event workqueue calls mlx5_query_mac_address() which invokes hardware command execution requiring sleep, causing a 'scheduling while atomic' bug that crashes the kernel. Affected versions include mainline 6.2+ and stable branches 6.12.x through 7.0. Patches available across all supported branches (6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal exploitation probability; no active exploitation or public POC identified. CVSS 7.5 AV:N rating appears inconsistent with description indicating local kernel-level triggering conditions.

Race condition in Linux kernel TCP/IPv6 stack allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger use-after-free conditions during IPv6-mapped IPv4 socket creation, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution or denial of service. The flaw occurs in tcp_v6_syn_recv_sock() where child socket visibility in the TCP hash table races with incomplete IPv6 structure initialization, causing other CPUs to access invalid memory via newinet->pinet6 pointing to listener data. Vendor patches available for kernel versions 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite critical CVSS 9.8 rating, suggesting this requires specific IPv6-mapped IPv4 configuration and precise timing to exploit.

Out-of-bounds memory reads in Linux kernel netconsole subsystem allow information disclosure and system crashes via unterminated console messages. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel 6.6+ including 6.18.x and 6.19.x branches, triggered by netconsole's failure to validate message buffer boundaries when converting to NBCON console infrastructure. Vendor patches available for 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests minimal real-world exploitation despite CVSS 9.1 rating. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Double-free memory corruption in Linux kernel PRUSS (Programmable Real-Time Unit Subsystem) driver allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to achieve high-impact code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service. The vulnerability exists in pruss_clk_mux_setup() where devm_add_action_or_reset() indirectly calls pruss_of_free_clk_provider() on error path, then erroneously calls of_node_put(clk_mux_np) again afterward. Vendor patches available across stable kernel branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability despite CVSS 7.8 rating; no KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds read in the Linux kernel's netfilter xt_tcpmss module allows remote unauthenticated attackers to leak memory contents and potentially cause system crashes via malformed TCP options. The xt_tcpmss TCP option parser fails to validate remaining option length before reading optlen values, triggering memory access beyond buffer boundaries when processing crafted packets. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the network attack vector (AV:N) and lack of authentication requirements (PR:N) make this exploitable against any system using netfilter with TCP MSS clamping enabled.

Data loss and memory corruption in Linux kernel XFS filesystem implementation allows authenticated users with ability to set extended attributes to corrupt xattr leaf blocks and overwrite entries array. The vulnerability stems from improper freemap management when xattr entries array expands, leaving zero-length freemap entries with nonzero base values that can overlap with legitimate freemap entries. Subsequent setxattr operations can allocate namevalue entries on top of the entries array, leading to filesystem data loss. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests low widespread exploitation probability, and no active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV). Patches are vendor-released for stable kernel versions 5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0.

Information disclosure in Linux kernel's RNBD (RDMA Network Block Device) server component allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read uninitialized kernel memory through response buffers. The rnbd-srv module fails to zero response message buffers before transmission, leaking residual kernel data to network clients, particularly during protocol version mismatches. With CVSS 7.5 (High) and confirmed vendor patches across multiple stable branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0), this represents a classic uninitialized memory vulnerability. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the network attack vector and lack of authentication requirements warrant prioritization for systems running RNBD server functionality.

Double URB submission in Linux kernel kaweth USB network driver allows local attackers with low privileges to trigger high severity impacts including potential denial of service, information disclosure, or code execution. The flaw occurs when kaweth_set_rx_mode() prematurely re-enables the TX queue via netif_wake_queue() before an in-flight USB transfer completes, enabling kaweth_start_xmit() to submit the same URB twice - a condition explicitly warned against by the USB subsystem. Patches are available across all supported kernel branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). Despite CVSS 7.8 High severity, EPSS score is only 0.02% (7th percentile), indicating low observed exploitation probability. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.

Double memory management structure free (mmput) in Linux kernel procfs allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to cause high-impact memory corruption, potentially leading to privilege escalation, information disclosure, or denial of service. The flaw triggers when userspace provides an incorrectly sized buffer to the PROCMAP_QUERY interface, causing the kernel to call mmput() twice on the same mm_struct after recent code refactoring moved cleanup logic. Patch available from kernel.org stable trees for versions 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low probability of exploitation in the wild, consistent with the local attack vector requiring authenticated access and specific API interaction. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Array bounds overflow in Linux kernel iwlwifi driver for Intel 22000 series wireless chipsets allows adjacent network attackers to achieve arbitrary memory corruption leading to code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of firmware-reported LMAC (Lower MAC) counts in SMEM parsing code, where malicious or corrupted firmware reporting three LMACs (exceeding the hardware-supported two) triggers out-of-bounds array access in fwrt->smem_cfg.lmac[2]. Patches available for kernel 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 5th percentile) with no public exploits or CISA KEV listing, but CVSS 8.8 reflects high impact if exploited through compromised WiFi firmware or adjacent network position.

A use-after-free flaw in the Linux kernel XFS filesystem's xfs_attr_leaf_hasname() function allows local authenticated attackers to potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges or cause denial of service. The function's problematic calling convention can return a pointer to an already-released buffer when xfs_attr3_leaf_lookup_int fails with specific error codes, creating a memory safety issue. Despite a CVSS score of 7.8, EPSS indicates only 0.02% probability of exploitation (5th percentile), suggesting low real-world targeting. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel versions (6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0), and the fix has been committed upstream.

Local denial-of-service and potential memory corruption in the Linux kernel's ntb_hw_switchtec driver allows a low-privileged local user to trigger undefined behavior via a shift-out-of-bounds condition when the Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) is configured with zero Memory Window LUTs. The flaw stems from rounddown_pow_of_two being invoked on a zero value, and although no public exploit is identified at time of analysis, the upstream fix is available across multiple stable kernel branches. EPSS is very low at 0.02%, consistent with the local attack vector and narrow hardware-dependent trigger.

Uninitialized memory use in Linux Kernel's xfrm6_get_saddr() function allows remote attackers to trigger information disclosure and system instability via crafted IPv6 traffic. The vulnerability affects multiple Long-Term Support (LTS) branches from 2.6.19 through 6.19.6, with vendor-released patches available for 5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability despite the network-accessible attack vector and lack of required authentication. Not listed in CISA KEV, and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation and memory corruption in the Linux kernel's GPIO-based reset controller driver (reset-gpio) allows a privileged local user to trigger a use-after-free by unbinding the dynamically-created reset device through sysfs while a reset control handle is still held. The reset-gpio device is meant to persist in memory permanently and lacks a devlink to its consumer, so any subsequent access to the dangling reset control handle produces a UAF splat and potential kernel memory corruption. EPSS is very low (0.02%) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; the issue is a defense-in-depth hardening fix rather than a remotely exploitable flaw.

Bluetooth L2CAP implementation in Linux kernel fails to validate encryption key size when processing LE Credit Flow Control connection requests, allowing adjacent network attackers to establish L2CAP connections with insufficient cryptographic strength. This affects kernel versions from 3.14 through 6.19.5, with patches released in stable branches 5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, and 6.19.6. EPSS score of 0.01% suggests minimal exploitation likelihood despite the adjacent network attack vector and no authentication requirement. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Nested AMD SVM virtualization in Linux kernel KVM incorrectly handles VMLOAD/VMSAVE emulation, allowing local privileged attackers in L2 guests to read and write L1 guest state, potentially escalating privileges or causing denial of service. This affects kernels since commit cc3ed80ae69f (v5.13+) and has been patched in stable releases 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and mainline 7.0. With 7.9 CVSS (HIGH severity) but only 0.02% EPSS, this is a lower-probability threat requiring local authenticated access to nested virtualization environments. No public exploit or active exploitation (KEV) identified at time of analysis.

Double-free vulnerability in Linux kernel RDMA subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to trigger high-severity memory corruption. The flaw in ib_umem_dmabuf_get_pinned_with_dma_device() causes dma_buf_unpin() to be called twice on error paths - once immediately on failure and again during cleanup - enabling potential privilege escalation, system crashes, or information disclosure. Patches available for kernels 6.1.165+, 6.6.128+, 6.12.75+, 6.18.16+, 6.19.6+, and 7.0+. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low widespread exploitation probability, with no active exploitation or public POCs identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel ALSA OSS mixer allows authenticated local attackers with low privileges to achieve arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The vulnerability stems from insufficient card disconnection checks when OSS mixer layer calls kcontrol operations individually, creating a race condition window where pending calls continue after device removal. Upstream patches available across kernel versions 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation probability, and no KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Double-free memory corruption in Linux kernel RDMA/irdma driver allows local authenticated users to cause denial of service or potentially escalate privileges. The vulnerability occurs during memory region re-registration (rereg_user_mr) when IB_MR_REREG_TRANS flag is set: if umem allocation succeeds but subsequent steps fail, the umem is freed without nulling the pointer, leading to double-free when userspace calls ibv_dereg_mr. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low probability of exploitation in the wild, with no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV).

Use-after-free in Linux kernel netfilter ctnetlink allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to achieve code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The vulnerability stems from insufficient protection when accessing master conntrack objects through expectations - holding a reference on the expectation alone does not prevent the master conntrack from being freed, creating a window where exp->master points to freed memory. Patched in stable kernel versions 6.18.24, 6.19.14, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, suggesting this remains a lower-priority item despite the 7.8 CVSS score.

A logic error in Linux kernel netfilter's AVX2-accelerated nft_set_pipapo matching allows incorrect element matching when flushing and reloading sets with composite keys (e.g., 'ipv4 . port'). The AVX2 code path prematurely returns non-matching entries during multi-field lookups, causing false collision reports when reinserting elements after a set flush. This affects netfilter firewall rule processing on systems with AVX2 CPU support. With CVSS 9.4 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), the vector suggests critical network-accessible impact, though the description indicates this is a firewall rule management bug rather than a direct remote exploitation path. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) and no KEV listing suggest low real-world exploitation likelihood. Patches available across stable kernel branches 6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, and 7.0.

Out-of-bounds read in Linux kernel CIFS client allows network attackers to achieve high-severity impacts including potential code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service when users access maliciously crafted SMB shares. The vulnerability resides in cifs_sanitize_prepath() which improperly handles empty strings or delimiter-only paths, triggering memory access violations confirmed via AddressSanitizer testing. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low predicted exploitation probability despite high CVSS 8.8, and no active exploitation or public POC identified at time of analysis.

Race condition in Linux kernel HID roccat driver enables local privilege escalation through use-after-free memory corruption. Local authenticated attackers can exploit concurrent access to device reader lists during roccat_report_event() operations, achieving arbitrary code execution with high integrity impact (CVSS 7.8). Vendor-released patches available across multiple kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite moderate severity, suggesting limited weaponization in current threat landscape.

Adjacent network attackers can achieve remote code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service against Linux systems using Broadcom FullMAC wireless drivers by sending malicious WiFi interface events with out-of-bounds bsscfg indices. The brcmfmac driver's firmware event handler fails to validate array indices before accessing the driver's interface list, enabling memory corruption attacks. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 5th percentile) and no active exploitation or public POC is identified at time of analysis, but the adjacent network attack vector and high impact warrant priority patching for systems with Broadcom WiFi hardware.

A reference counting error in Linux kernel's cachefiles subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger memory corruption and potentially escalate privileges. The vulnerability stems from cachefiles_cull() passing a dentry with insufficient reference count to cachefiles_bury_object(), causing a use-after-free condition. With CVSS 7.8 (high severity) but only 0.02% EPSS exploitation probability (5th percentile), this represents a kernel memory safety issue requiring local access with low attack complexity. Patches available in stable kernel versions 6.19.14 and 7.0.

Double-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel PCI Hyper-V driver allows local authenticated users to trigger kernel memory corruption and potentially escalate privileges. The flaw occurs in hv_pci_probe() error handling where ida_free() is called twice on the same domain number, leading to memory allocator corruption. Patches released in kernel 6.19.14 and 7.0 fix the issue by removing the redundant ida_free call. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low exploitation probability in the wild, and no public exploit or KEV listing identified at time of analysis.

Insufficient memory validation in Linux kernel's XSK (AF_XDP socket) UMEM registration allows local authenticated users to corrupt kernel memory structures, potentially leading to privilege escalation or system crashes. The xdp_umem_reg() function fails to validate adequate headroom space for minimum-sized Ethernet frames and skb_shared_info structures in multi-buffer scenarios, enabling memory corruption when XSK frames are processed. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low probability of mass exploitation, with no active exploitation or public POC identified.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's XFRM subsystem allows local authenticated users to gain elevated privileges through a race condition during network namespace teardown. The xfrm_policy_fini() function frees policy hash tables without waiting for concurrent RCU readers, enabling attackers with low-level privileges to exploit the timing window between policy deletion and memory deallocation. EPSS score is very low (0.02%, 5th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but CVSS 7.8 reflects high impact if successfully exploited. Vendor-released patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, mainline 7.0).

Out-of-bounds memory access in Linux kernel IOAM6 networking code allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read sensitive kernel memory or crash systems via crafted IPv6 packets with IOAM trace options. The vulnerability triggers when RX queue indices from ingress devices exceed TX queue counts on egress devices, causing array boundary violations in network qdisc operations. Additionally, a missing spinlock enables race conditions in queue statistics access from concurrent softirq and process contexts. EPSS probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile) with no evidence of active exploitation. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's OCFS2 filesystem allows local attackers with user interaction to achieve arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service via crafted filesystem images. Affects kernels since initial OCFS2 implementation (2.6.16+) through 6.19.13. Vendor patches available across all supported stable branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low probability of mass exploitation, though CVSS 7.8 reflects high impact if triggered. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public POC identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel eventpoll subsystem allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to achieve high-impact compromise including arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or system crash. The vulnerability stems from premature deallocation of the eventpoll structure while still in use by concurrent threads, creating a race condition exploitable on systems running affected kernel versions 6.4 through 6.19.x and 6.6.x through 6.12.x. Vendor patches available across all affected stable branches with EPSS indicating low widespread exploitation probability (0.02%, 5th percentile), though local access requirements limit attack surface to already-authenticated users or containerized environments.

Remote unauthenticated attackers can access restricted package resources in Apache Wicket 8.x through 10.x by crafting URLs that bypass PackageResourceGuard protections, leading to unauthorized information disclosure. The vulnerability affects Apache Wicket versions 8.0.0-8.17.0, 9.0.0-9.22.0, and 10.0.0-10.8.0. With CVSS 7.5 (High) but low EPSS (0.02%, 5th percentile), this represents a theoretical high-severity issue without evidence of active exploitation. SSVC assessment confirms no current exploitation, though the attack is automatable against default configurations.

Session fixation in Apache Wicket AuthenticatedWebSession allows remote unauthenticated attackers to hijack user sessions and escalate privileges by fixing session identifiers before authentication completes. Affects Wicket 8.0.0-8.17.0, 9.0.0-9.22.0, and 10.0.0-10.8.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite critical CVSS 9.1, suggesting this requires specific deployment conditions. Not listed in CISA KEV; no public POC identified at time of analysis. Apache has published vendor advisories with fix versions across all three major release branches.

Remote unauthenticated attackers can retrieve plaintext administrator passwords and WLAN Pre-Shared Keys from ZTE ZXHN H298A (firmware 1.1) and H108N (firmware 2.6) routers via crafted HTTP requests to the web management interface. The vulnerability enables complete network compromise through credential theft without requiring authentication. Public exploit code exists (GitHub Gist), demonstrating active researcher interest, though no CISA KEV listing indicates targeted rather than widespread exploitation. EPSS data unavailable, but the combination of network attack vector, no authentication requirement, and credential exposure presents immediate risk to affected deployments.

AVideo version 29.0 and earlier exposes API authentication secrets (APISecret) to unauthenticated remote attackers via a publicly accessible plugin configuration endpoint at objects/plugins.json.php. This vulnerability enables complete bypass of authentication controls protecting sensitive API endpoints including user enumeration (users_list) and other privileged operations. Publicly available exploit code exists (proof-of-concept demonstrated in GitHub advisory GHSA-xr49-f4rh-qcjf). Upstream fix available via commit 1c36f229 but no tagged release version has been independently confirmed at time of analysis.

Undefined behavior in rust-openssl's X509Ref::ocsp_responders allows crafted X.509 certificates with non-UTF-8 OCSP responder URLs to violate Rust's memory safety guarantees. Applications parsing untrusted certificates (TLS handshakes, certificate validation pipelines, PKI tooling) can trigger undefined behavior through safe Rust code when processing malformed AIA extensions. CVSS 8.7 reflects network-exploitable integrity impact; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but patch available in version 0.10.79 per upstream GitHub advisory GHSA-xp3w-r5p5-63rr.

DevGuard versions prior to 1.2.2 allow complete authentication bypass and privilege escalation through manipulation of the `X-Admin-Token` HTTP header. Unauthenticated remote attackers can impersonate any user - including organization admins and owners - by providing a known or guessed Kratos identity UUID in this header, gaining full control over DevGuard resources. This is a critical authentication bypass requiring no special configuration or privileges. Vendor-released patch: v1.2.2 (commit 6f38310b). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but exploitation is trivial.

SQL injection in Masa CMS 7.2.x through 7.5.2 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to extract sensitive database contents including administrative credentials and password reset tokens. The JSON API accepts unsanitized altTable parameters that are directly interpolated into SQL FROM clauses, enabling arbitrary subquery injection via feedGateway.cfc in a single HTTP request. CVSS 9.3 (Critical) with network vector, low complexity, and no authentication required. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis, but the technical details disclosed in the GitHub Security Advisory provide sufficient information for weaponization.

SQL injection in Masa CMS 7.5.2 and earlier allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the sortBy parameter in beanFeed.cfc. The vulnerability enables database compromise including sensitive data exfiltration, record manipulation, and privilege escalation to administrative control. Fixed versions released for all affected branches (7.2.10, 7.3.15, 7.4.10, 7.5.3). CVSS 9.3 reflects network vector with no authentication required and high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, though the attack surface is fully exposed to internet-facing instances.

Predictable API session token generation in OpenMage LTS (≤ 20.16.0, confirmed vulnerable through ≤ 20.17.0) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to hijack authenticated XML-RPC, SOAP, and legacy REST API sessions by brute-forcing MD5 digests derived from time-based inputs. The session ID is constructed via md5(time() . uniqid('', true) . null), leaving an attacker with predictable timestamp and microsecond components plus a constrained LCG float - yielding far less than the OWASP ASVS-mandated 64 bits of entropy. Publicly available exploit code exists in the form of a working Python PoC included with the advisory.

Unauthenticated information disclosure in AVideo CloneSite plugin (versions ≤29.0) leaks the installation's shared secret authentication key through an error message, enabling attackers to impersonate the victim installation to its federated clone server and trigger a full database dump into a publicly accessible directory. The vulnerability chains two flaws: cloneClient.json.php echoes the local myKey credential in HTTP responses to any unauthenticated request due to incorrect $argv handling in web contexts, and the remote cloneServer.json.php then accepts this leaked key to authenticate mysqldump operations without IP restrictions or access controls on the resulting dump files. Patch available via GitHub commit e6566f56. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV); EPSS data not provided. CVSS 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) reflects high confidentiality impact from direct credential exposure plus cross-site database access in federated deployments.

Worker process crashes occur in ModSecurity (libmodsecurity3) when processing query string parameters containing single characters through the t:hexDecode transformation function. Remote unauthenticated attackers can trigger repeated segmentation faults to disrupt web application firewall protection, though service automatically recovers once the attack ceases. All libmodsecurity3 versions before 3.0.15 are affected across Apache, IIS, and Nginx deployments. OWASP confirmed the vulnerability via GitHub security advisory GHSA-qrjc-3jpc-3h2g and released patch version 3.0.15 addressing this buffer overflow (CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read).

Environment variable disclosure via unhandled HTTP methods in Inngest TypeScript SDK versions 3.22.0 through 3.53.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exfiltrate all process environment variables, including API keys, signing keys, and credentials. Vulnerable applications must expose the serve() endpoint to PATCH, OPTIONS, or DELETE methods - common in Next.js Pages Router and Express default configurations. The vulnerability was responsibly disclosed by independent researcher Ben Hylak with no known active exploitation at time of analysis. CVSS 8.6 reflects network-accessible unauthenticated attack with high confidentiality impact and scope change. Vendor-released patch available in version 3.54.0.

Jupyter Server allows authenticated users to maintain indefinite access even after password changes due to persistent authentication cookie secrets stored in an unrotated file. An attacker who obtains a valid authentication cookie can continue using it to access the server with full privileges regardless of subsequent password resets or server restarts, affecting all Jupyter Server deployments using password authentication.

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) bypass in Jupyter Server <= 2.17.0 allows attackers controlling malicious subdomains to bypass origin validation and access sensitive notebook data. The vulnerability stems from incorrect use of Python's re.match() function in the allow_origin_pat configuration, which only anchors at the start of strings. An attacker registering a domain like 'trusted.example.com.evil.com' can pass validation intended only for 'trusted.example.com', enabling unauthorized cross-origin requests to Jupyter sessions. Fixed in version 2.18.0 via commits 057869a and 49b3439. No active exploitation or public POC identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds read in Linux Kernel dentry hashtable can crash the system when dhash_entries boot parameter is set to 1. The vulnerability triggers during directory cache lookups when the hash shift calculation results in access to unallocated memory regions, causing kernel page faults. Affects Linux Kernel versions from initial commit (1da177e4c3f4) through multiple stable branches. Patches available for 6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0.1, and 7.1-rc1. EPSS probability of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates very low likelihood of exploitation in the wild, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists, suggesting this remains a theoretical edge-case issue requiring specific kernel boot configuration.

eBPF verifier in Linux kernel allows local privilege escalation through incorrect register ID handling during byte-swap operations. When BPF_END instruction performs byte swapping, the verifier fails to reset scalar register IDs, causing it to incorrectly propagate bounds checks between linked registers. This validation bypass allows authenticated local attackers with BPF program loading privileges to craft malicious eBPF programs that pass verification but achieve out-of-bounds memory access at runtime, potentially escalating to kernel-level code execution. Vendor patches available for affected 6.18.x and 6.19.x branches with EPSS score of 0.02% indicating low observed exploitation probability.

Linux kernel ext4 filesystem improperly handles block group wraparound in ext4_mb_scan_groups(), allowing allocation of blocks beyond 32-bit limits for indirect-mapped files when stream allocation selects unsupported groups. While CVSS assigns network vector (9.8), this is a local kernel memory corruption issue requiring local filesystem access. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low real-world exploitation probability. Patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.80, 6.18.21, 6.19.11). No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), no public POC identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in XFS filesystem recovery code allows local attackers with user interaction to achieve high-severity impacts including potential code execution, data corruption, or denial of service. The vulnerability stems from incorrect error handling in xfs_attri_recover_work() where the code attempts to release an inode pointer that was never successfully allocated, causing a dereference of uninitialized memory. Patches are available across multiple kernel versions (6.12.80, 6.18.21, 6.19.11, 7.0), and EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Type confusion in Linux kernel's Bluetooth L2CAP Enhanced Credit-Based Reconfiguration Response handler allows adjacent network attackers to trigger integrity violations and potential denial of service. The vulnerability affects kernel versions from 5.7 onwards (commit 15f02b910562) and has vendor patches available across stable branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.167, 6.6.130, 6.12.78, 6.18.20, 6.19.10, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability, with no active exploitation confirmed by CISA KEV at time of analysis.