Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (74776)
Improper input neutralization in the stats-conversions.php script in Revive Adserver 5.5.2 and 6.0.1 and earlier versions causes potential information disclosure and session hijacking via a stored. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Improper neutralisation of format characters in the settings of Revive Adserver 5.5.2 and 6.0.1 and earlier versions causes an administrator user to disable the admin user console due to a fatal PHP. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CVE RECORD. No vendor patch available.
HackerOne community member Dao Hoang Anh (yoyomiski) has reported an improper neutralization of whitespace in the username when adding new users. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The fetch function in file thinkphp\library\think\Template.php in ThinkPHP 5.0.24 allows attackers to read arbitrary files via crafted file path in a template value. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Open OnDemand is an open-source HPC portal. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Open OnDemand is an open-source HPC portal. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When zx is invoked with --prefer-local=<path>, the CLI creates a symlink named ./node_modules pointing to <path>/node_modules. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SOPlanning is vulnerable to Predictable Generation of Password Recovery Token. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 2.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict-Transport-Security. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Voluntarily withdrawn. No vendor patch available.
Session tokens and passwords in couch-auth 0.21.2 are stored in JavaScript objects and remain in memory without explicit clearing in src/user.ts lines 700-707. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In version 6.13.0 of LimeSurvey, any external user can cause a 500 error in the survey system by sending a malformed session cookie. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in macrozheng mall up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A weakness has been identified in jameschz Hush Framework 2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in Muse Group MuseHub 2.1.0.1567. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3). No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation vulnerability in TP-Link System Inc. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
SSH Agent servers do not validate the size of messages when processing new identity requests, which may cause the program to panic if the message is malformed due to an out of bounds read. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
GatesAir Flexiva-LX devices on firmware 1.0.13 and 2.0, including models LX100, LX300, LX600, and LX1000, expose sensitive session identifiers (sid) in the publicly accessible log file located at. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
IBM i 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 are impacted by obtaining an information vulnerability in the database plan cache implementation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Isar is an integration system for automated root filesystem generation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The ELCA Star Transmitter Remote Control firmware 1.25 for STAR150, BP1000, STAR300, STAR2000, STAR1000, STAR500, and possibly other models, contains an information disclosure vulnerability allowing. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in bridgetech VB288 Objective QoE Content Extractor, firmware version 5.6.0-8, allowing attackers to gain sensitive information such as administrator passwords via the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in bridgetech probes VB220 IP Network Probe,VB120 Embedded IP + RF Probe, VB330 High-Capacity Probe, VB440 ST 2110 Production Analytics Probe, and NOMAD, firmware versions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Twonky Server 8.5.2 uses hard-coded cryptographic keys for encrypting the administrator password. Combined with the credential exposure vulnerability (CVE-2025-13315), this allows attackers to decrypt the admin password from the leaked log file and gain full administrative control of the media server.
Twonky Server 8.5.2 on Linux and Windows allows unauthenticated access to the admin log file through a web service API bypass. The exposed log contains the administrator's username and encrypted password, which can be decrypted using hard-coded keys (CVE-2025-13316) to gain full administrative control.
authentik is an open-source Identity Provider. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
authentik is an open-source Identity Provider. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Legacy Vivotek Device firmware uses default credetials for the root and user login accounts. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An attacker with a Looker Developer role could manipulate a LookML project to exploit a race condition during Git directory deletion, leading to arbitrary command execution on the Looker instance. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Voluntarily withdrawn. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File vulnerability in upKeeper Solutions upKeeper Manager allows Use of Known Domain Credentials.2.0 before 5.2.12. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3). No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds Read in Shelly Pro 3EM (before v1.4.4) allows Overread Buffers. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The WP Import - Ultimate CSV XML Importer for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 7.33.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Quiz Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 6.7.0.80. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The New User Approve plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized data disclosure in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.9 due to insufficient API key validation using loose equality. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Tanium addressed an arbitrary file deletion vulnerability in TanOS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
DLL Loading vulnerability in NEC Corporation RakurakuMusen Start EX All Verisons allows a attacker to manipulate the PC environment to cause unintended operations on the user's device. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
LibreNMS is an auto-discovering PHP/MySQL/SNMP based network monitoring tool. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Open Forms allows users create and publish smart forms. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
KubeVirt is a virtual machine management add-on for Kubernetes. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Piwigo is a full featured open source photo gallery application for the web. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A mongoc_bulk_operation_t may read invalid memory if large options are passed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Ascertia SigningHub through 8.6.8, there is a lack of rate limiting on the reset password function, leading to an email bombing vulnerability. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
HCL Connections is vulnerable to a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability which could allow a user to obtain sensitive information they are not entitled to, caused by improper rendering of. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A broken access control (BAC) vulnerability in the web-based management interface could allow an authenticated remote attacker with low privileges to view sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A platform-level denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in ArubaOS-CX software. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in Memory vulnerability [CWE-316] in Fortinet FortiPAM 1.6.0, FortiPAM 1.5 all versions, FortiPAM 1.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Plaintext password storage in Kotaemon 0.11.0 in the client's localStorage. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability in Fortinet FortiADC 7.4.0, FortiADC 7.2 all versions, FortiADC 7.1 all versions, FortiADC 7.0 all versions, FortiADC 6.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An active debug code vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClientWindows 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, FortiClientWindows 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiClientWindows 7.0 all versions may allow a local attacker to run. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A debug messages revealing unnecessary information vulnerability in Fortinet FortiExtender 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiExtender 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, FortiExtender 7.2 all versions, FortiExtender 7.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability [CWE-653] in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.1, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.7, FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions, FortiSandbox 4.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA Isaac-GR00T for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a Python component, where an attacker could cause a code injection issue. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA Isaac-GR00T for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a Python component, where an attacker could cause a code injection issue. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of Web Browser Cache Containing Sensitive Information vulnerability in Drupal Drupal core allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.0.0 before 10.4.9, from 10.5.0. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information vulnerability in Drupal Drupal core allows Content Spoofing.0.0 before 10.4.9, from 10.5.0 before 10.5.6, from 11.0.0 before 11.1.9, from. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Drupal Drupal core allows Forceful Browsing.0.0 before 10.4.9, from 10.5.0 before 10.5.6, from 11.0.0 before 11.1.9, from 11.2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was discovered in Awesome Miner thru 11.2.4 that allows arbitrary read and write to kernel memory and MSRs (such as LSTAR) as an unprivileged user. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Insufficient permission validation in Checkmk 2.4.0 before version 2.4.0p16 allows low-privileged users to modify notification parameters via the REST API, which could lead to unauthorized actions or. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insufficient permission validation on multiple REST API endpoints in Checkmk 2.2.0, 2.3.0, and 2.4.0 before version 2.4.0p16 allows low-privileged users to perform unauthorized actions or obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.3, 10.5.x <= 10.5.11 fail to enforce access permissions on the Agents plugin which allows other users to determine when users had read channels via channel member. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Windu CMS is vulnerable to User Enumeration. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incomplete validation of rich response messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.23.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS v2.25.23.82, and WhatsApp for Mac v2.25.23.83 could have allowed a user to trigger. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Pixel Manager for WooCommerce - Track Conversions and Analytics, Google Ads, TikTok and more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary php files and gain full access of the affected devices. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The commissioning wizard on the affected devices does not validate if the device is already initialized. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A logic error vulnerability exists in Serv-U which when abused could give a malicious actor with access to admin privileges the ability to execute code. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Category and Product Woocommerce Tabs plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Uncontrolled Search Path Element Vulnerability in Setting and Operation Application for Lighting Control System MILCO.S Setting Application all versions, MILCO.S Setting Application (IR) all. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (CWE-772) in the T21 Reader allows an attacker with physical access to the Reader to perform a denial-of-service attack against that specific. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incorrect Usage of Seeds in Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CWE- 335) vulnerability in the High Sec ELM may allow a sophisticated attacker with physical access, to compromise internal device. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Observable Timing Discrepancy (CWE-208) in HBUS devices may allow an attacker with physical access to the device to extract device-specific keys, potentially compromising further site security.30. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A hard-coded password vulnerability exists in the ControlVault WBDI Driver functionality of Dell ControlVault3 prior to 5.15.14.19 and Dell ControlVault3 Plus prior to 6.2.36.47. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.175 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.