Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (74776)
IBM Storage Virtualize 8.4, 8.5, 8.7, and 9.1 IKEv1 implementation allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory via a Security Association (SA) negotiation request. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Planning Analytics Local 2.1.0 through 2.1.14 could allow a remote authenticated user to traverse directories on the system. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Planning Analytics Local 2.1.0 through 2.1.14 stores sensitive information in source code could be used in further attacks against the system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Freebox v5 HD (firmware = 1.7.20), Freebox v5 Crystal (firmware = 1.7.20), Freebox v6 Révolution r1-r3 (firmware = 4.7.x), Freebox Mini 4K (firmware = 4.7.x), and Freebox One (firmware = 4.7.x) were. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Kernel or driver software installed on a Guest VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to exploit a TOCTOU race condition and trigger a read and/or write of data outside the allotted memory. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
CWE-20 Improper Input Validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PDFPatcher thru 1.1.3.4663 executable's XML bookmark import functionality does not restrict XML external entity (XXE) references. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to gain write permissions to memory buffers exported as read-only. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in libvirt. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
QaTraq 6.9.2 ships with administrative account credentials which are enabled in default installations and permit immediate login via the web application login page. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in PS/IGES Parasolid Translator Component (All versions < V29.0.258), Solid Edge (All versions < V226.00 Update 03). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
EasyFlow GP developed by Digiwin has an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to obtain plaintext credentials of AD and system mail from the system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
EasyFlow GP developed by Digiwin has an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to obtain plaintext database account credentials from the system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in 'デジラアプリ' App for iOS prior to ver.80.10.00. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in WeiYe-Jing datax-web up to 2.1.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Bdtask/CodeCanyon Isshue Multi Store eCommerce Shopping Cart Solution 5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Farm Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.7 before 18.3.6, 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2, that could have allowed a blocked user to access sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The vulnerability, if exploited, could allow a miscreant with read access to Edge Project files or Edge Offline Cache files to reverse engineer Edge users' app-native or Active Directory passwords. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Brightpick Mission Control discloses device telemetry, configuration, and credential information via WebSocket traffic to unauthenticated users when they connect to a specific URL. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Credential disclosure in the Brightpick Mission Control web application allows anyone able to retrieve the application's client-side JavaScript bundle to extract hardcoded credentials embedded in that code. Because the secrets ship to the browser, any user or adjacent-network actor who loads the front-end can recover them and potentially authenticate to back-end services in this warehouse-automation/ICS-OT product. Reported by CISA ICS-CERT (ICSA-25-317-04); no public exploit has been identified and EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.06%, 17th percentile).
General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway is vulnerable to a cleartext transmission vulnerability that could allow an attacker to observe network traffic to obtain sensitive information, including. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Ubee EVW3226 cable modem/routers firmware versions up to and including 1.0.20 store configuration backup files in the web root after they are generated for download. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Information Disclosure in web-accessible backup file in SourceCodester Simple Online Book Store System allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to disclose full database contents (including schema. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in the email parsing library due to improper handling of specially formatted recipient email addresses. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2 which allows Technical Information to be Disclosed through stack trace. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1). No vendor patch available.
A sensitive information disclosure vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser allows a locally authenticated non-admin user to retrieve sensitive data from Prisma Browser. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An insufficient validation of an untrusted input vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser allows a locally authenticated non-admin user to revert the browser’s security controls. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
On affected platforms running Arista EOS, certain serial console input might result in an unexpected reload of the device.153. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Search Guard FLX versions 3.1.2 and earlier, while Document-Level Security (DLS) is correctly enforced elsewhere, when the search is triggered from a Signals watch, the DLS rule is not enforced,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.3, 10.5.x <= 10.5.11, 10.12.x <= 10.12.0 fail to sanitize user data which allows system administrators to access password hashes and MFA secrets via the POST. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IQ-Support developed by IQ Service International has a Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access specific APIs to obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out of bounds read in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.141 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Compositing in Google Chrome prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in WebApp Installs in Google Chrome on Android prior to 134.0.6998.35 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 124.0.6367.60 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 126.0.6478.182 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Fullscreen in Google Chrome prior to 128.0.6613.84 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Dawn in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 130.0.6723.92 allowed a remote attacker to perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 129.0.6668.58 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
SSH clients receiving SSH_AGENT_SUCCESS when expecting a typed response will panic and cause early termination of the client process. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 nimsh service SSL/TLS implementations could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper process controls. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 NIM server (formerly known as NIM master) service (nimesis) could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper process. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Sonarr 4.0.15.2940. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in Radarr 5.28.0.10274. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an unauthenticated attacker to reboot a firewall by sending a specially crafted packet through the dataplane. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Dell Alienware Command Center 6.x (AWCC), versions prior to 6.10.15.0, contain a Process Control vulnerability. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3). No vendor patch available.
Dell Alienware Command Center 6.x (AWCC), versions prior to 6.10.15.0, contains an Insecure Temporary File vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Certain HP LaserJet Pro printers may be vulnerable to information disclosure leading to credential exposure by altering the scan/send destination address and/or modifying the LDAP Server. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Certain HP LaserJet Pro printers may be vulnerable to information disclosure leading to credential exposure by altering the scan/send destination address and/or modifying the LDAP Server. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
js-yaml is a JavaScript YAML parser and dumper. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (Prototype Pollution) vulnerability could allow attackers to modify object prototypes to inject properties affecting application logic.
PrivateBin is an online pastebin where the server has zero knowledge of pasted data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
External control of file name or path in certain Zoom Clients may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct a disclosure of information via network access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
External control of file name or path in Zoom Workplace for macOS before version 6.5.10 may allow an authenticated user to conduct a disclosure of information via local access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper removal of sensitive information in certain Zoom Clients before version 6.5.10 may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct a disclosure of information via network access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper certificate validation in certain Zoom Clients may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct a disclosure of information via adjacent access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Symlink following in the installer for the Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer before version 6.3.14, 6.4.14, and 6.5.10 in their respective tracks may allow an authenticated user to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in macrozheng mall-swarm and mall up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A security vulnerability has been detected in macrozheng mall-swarm and mall up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A weakness has been identified in macrozheng mall-swarm and mall up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in macrozheng mall-swarm and mall up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in macrozheng mall-swarm up to 1.0.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in WPSwings WooCommerce Ultimate Points And Rewards woocommerce-ultimate-points-and-rewards allows Retrieve. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The AI Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection via PHAR Deserialization in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.8 via deserialization of untrusted input in the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Comment Edit Core - Simple Comment Editing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.0 via the 'ajax_get_comment' function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The SureForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1 via the '_srfm_email_notification' post meta registration. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Frappe Learning is a learning system that helps users structure their content. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.