Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (73580)
Atlas Vector Search in MongoDB Server exposes a horizontal authorization bypass allowing an authenticated low-privileged user to read documents from a view they are not authorized to access, crossing view-level access control boundaries within the same underlying collection. The flaw arises from MongoDB Server insufficiently validating user-supplied fields before forwarding internal requests to the search process, enabling the search backend to return documents outside the scope of the caller's authorized view. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds memory read in MongoDB Server's aggregation framework allows an authenticated attacker to crash the database server or expose limited memory contents by submitting a specially crafted numeric parameter within a specific aggregation pipeline stage. The CVSS 4.0 score of 7.1 reflects dual impact: high availability loss from server crash (VA:H) and low-level confidentiality exposure from adjacent memory leakage (VC:L). Self-reported by MongoDB (responsible disclosure), with no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.
ishankportfolio exposes contact form submissions containing personally identifiable information (PII) due to client-side database credentials being publicly accessible and database access rules being insufficiently restrictive. Versions prior to 1.0.1 are affected, and the CVSS vector (PR:N, AV:N) confirms unauthenticated remote access is possible without any special preconditions. Any actor who discovers the exposed API keys embedded in client-side code can read or modify stored form submissions - including names, email addresses, phone numbers, and messages - directly against the database. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Typebot's Google Sheets OAuth integration exposes live workspace-level bearer tokens to any guest member via the `getAccessToken` helper, which checked only for read-level workspace membership before decrypting and returning the raw credential. Versions prior to 3.17.0 allow a low-privileged guest to enumerate credential identifiers, invoke the endpoint, and reuse the workspace's Google OAuth token entirely outside Typebot to access or manipulate connected Google Sheets. No CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but SSVC classifies exploitation status as proof-of-concept with network attack vector and low privilege required, making this a realistic threat for any Typebot workspace with Google Sheets integrations.
Prototype pollution and denial-of-service in Browserslist prior to 4.28.7 enable attackers to crash Node.js processes or corrupt object prototypes by supplying crafted stats data to the unconditionally-called `normalizeStats()` function. Any application that invokes `browserslist()` with attacker-influenced `browserslist-stats.json`, `opts.stats`, or CLI `--stats` input is at risk of an uncaught TypeError or object prototype modification. The vendor-released patch is available in version 4.28.7, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
PowerPoint's improper input validation (CWE-20) exposes local users to high-impact compromise when a maliciously crafted presentation file is opened, with the official CVSS vector asserting high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact - a notable divergence from the description's characterization as information disclosure only. The attack requires no attacker privileges but mandates user interaction, fitting a phishing-and-open-file threat model. No public exploit code exists and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel enables local code execution when a user opens a specially crafted spreadsheet file. The vulnerability (CWE-125) carries a CVSS 7.8 score with high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and is reported directly by Microsoft via the MSRC update guide. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) indicates reliable exploitability once a working exploit is developed.
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel enables local code execution when a user opens a specially crafted workbook file. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) confirms file-based delivery requiring victim interaction, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the compromised host. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Power BI enables low-privileged authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code over the network via improper input validation (CWE-20). The CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 (High) reflects full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact with low attack complexity and no user interaction required beyond holding a valid account. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-65811 should be consulted for patch and scope details.
Windows Autopilot on Windows 11 versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1 contains a double-free memory corruption flaw that allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate to full system privileges. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.0 with high attack complexity (AC:H), meaning reliable exploitation requires specific conditions or timing to be met rather than being trivially reproducible. A vendor-released patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Sensitive information disclosure in Microsoft Teams for iOS (versions 2.0.0 through prior to 8.8.1) enables unauthenticated network attackers to access protected data without any user interaction, as reflected in the CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N with C:H. The vulnerability is rooted in CWE-200 improper information exposure and is iOS-platform-specific, confirmed by CPE cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:teams:*:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*. No active exploitation is confirmed - the CVE is absent from the CISA KEV catalog, SSVC assessment rates exploitation as none, and EPSS sits at 0.68% (49th percentile), indicating low observed exploitation probability at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation in Azure SQL Database allows a locally authenticated attacker to gain elevated permissions through incorrect permission assignment on a critical resource. The flaw is classified under CWE-732 (Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource), meaning a resource - likely a file, registry key, named pipe, or shared object - is accessible with overly permissive settings. An attacker with existing local access and low-privilege credentials could exploit this to achieve high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected system. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in Microsoft Office enables local code execution across a broad range of Office product editions on both Windows and macOS. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) confirms the attack requires no privileges but does require a victim to open a crafted file, consistent with a malicious document delivery scenario. A patch has been released by Microsoft; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at the time of analysis, though the full CIA impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) and breadth of affected products make this a high-priority patching target for enterprise environments.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft .NET (versions 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) and Microsoft Visual Studio 2022/2026 allows a low-privileged local attacker to elevate privileges by triggering an uncaught exception (CWE-248) within the runtime. The CVSS scope change (S:C) indicates impact extends beyond the .NET security boundary to the underlying host system. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched versions across all affected branches.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Backup Engine component affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases, exploitable by a local authenticated user holding standard privileges. The vulnerability stems from a race condition (CWE-362) in how the Backup Engine manages shared resources under concurrent execution, creating a timing window that a low-privileged attacker can win to gain elevated - likely SYSTEM-level - access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is absent from the CISA KEV catalog; however, Microsoft has issued patched builds across all affected platform branches.
Privilege escalation through an out-of-bounds read in the Windows NTFS kernel driver (ntfs.sys) affects every major Windows desktop and server release from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. A locally authenticated standard user can trigger the memory read flaw to gain SYSTEM-level privileges, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, but the low attack complexity, absence of required user interaction, and near-universal Windows deployment footprint make this a high-priority patch cycle item.
Privilege escalation via out-of-bounds read in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem affects every supported and extended-support Windows client and server release, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. Any locally authenticated standard user - requiring no elevated permissions or user interaction - can exploit CWE-125 in win32k.sys to obtain SYSTEM-level privileges. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the breadth of affected builds across the Microsoft fleet makes this a broad patching priority regardless of active exploitation signals.
Spoofing vulnerability in Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) enables an authenticated low-privilege network attacker to forge or manipulate identity data due to insufficient verification of data authenticity (CWE-345), yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The CVSS 8.8 score with PR:L confirms a valid tenant account is required but no elevated privileges are needed, meaning any compromised or legitimately provisioned low-privilege account could serve as a launchpad. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Windows User Profile Service affects all major current Windows client and server releases, allowing any authenticated local user to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by exploiting improper symlink or junction-point resolution (CWE-59). The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms low attack complexity with no user interaction required - a standard domain or local account is sufficient. Vendor patch is available; no public exploit is identified at time of analysis, but the low barrier to exploitation makes this a practical post-compromise escalation primitive.
Local privilege escalation in Windows DHCP Server affects all major Windows Server releases from 2012 through 2025, as well as Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809. An authorized low-privileged local attacker can exploit a symlink-following flaw (CWE-59) during DHCP Server file access operations to gain full control (C:H/I:H/A:H) over the affected system. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows DHCP Server service allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to fully compromise system confidentiality, integrity, and availability through improper symbolic link handling (CWE-59). Affected deployments span Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and Windows 10 1607/1809. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity and broad version coverage across enterprise server infrastructure make this a credible post-access escalation path.
Privilege escalation in Windows DHCP Server exploits improper symbolic link resolution (CWE-59), allowing an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to fully compromise system confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The flaw affects Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and select Windows 10 builds where the DHCP Server role is active. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) and no user interaction requirement make this a credible post-compromise escalation path.
Remote information disclosure in the Windows SMB Client affects every actively-supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server release from 2016 through 2025, exposing potentially sensitive memory contents to unauthenticated network attackers via a CWE-125 out-of-bounds read (CVSS 7.5). The flaw resides in the SMB client stack and is triggered when a vulnerable Windows host processes a crafted response from an attacker-controlled SMB server, requiring no authentication or user interaction from the attacker's perspective. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and CISA has not added this to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; however, the extraordinary breadth of affected products and the vendor-confirmed patch make this a standard patch-cycle priority.
Privilege escalation in Windows DHCP Server allows a locally authenticated attacker to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by exploiting a symlink/link-following flaw (CWE-59). Affected products span Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10 (1607/1809), all receiving patches in this advisory cycle. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity and broad version coverage make this a meaningful patching priority for any Windows Server environment running the DHCP Server role.
Privilege escalation via a double-free memory corruption flaw in the Windows Kerberos implementation affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025. A low-privileged local attacker can exploit the CWE-415 double-free condition to achieve arbitrary code execution at an elevated privilege level, effectively gaining full control over confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and exploitation requires high attack complexity, limiting immediate widespread risk; a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft's Security Response Center.
Local privilege escalation in Windows DHCP Server exploits improper symbolic link resolution (CWE-59), allowing a low-privileged authenticated local user to gain full SYSTEM-level access across a wide range of Windows Server versions from 2012 through 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) confirms exploitation requires no interaction and only low-level local access, making this a practical post-exploitation escalation tool once an attacker has any foothold on a DHCP Server host. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though a vendor patch is available.
Privilege escalation in Windows Telephony Service across a wide range of Microsoft Windows desktop and server editions enables a low-privileged local attacker to achieve SYSTEM-level control by exploiting a race condition in shared resource handling (CWE-362). The vulnerability spans Windows 10 through Windows 11 Version 25H2 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, creating substantial attack surface despite the local access requirement. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches resolving the flaw via the MSRC advisory for CVE-2026-62748.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel via an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) enables a low-privileged, locally authenticated attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Affected systems span Windows 11 versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1, as well as Windows Server 2025 in both full and Server Core configurations. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) makes this a reliable second-stage privilege escalation primitive for adversaries who have already achieved local access through any initial foothold.
Local privilege escalation via race condition in Windows Telephony Service affects a sweeping range of Microsoft Windows client and server editions, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1. An authorized local attacker with low-privileged access can exploit improper synchronization over a shared resource to elevate to higher privilege levels, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the vulnerable system. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; however, the breadth of affected Windows versions across enterprise environments makes unpatched exposure a meaningful operational risk.
Privilege escalation via an out-of-bounds read in the Windows Win32K kernel subsystem allows a local authenticated attacker to gain SYSTEM-level access across a broad range of Windows client and server versions. The CVSS 7.8 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) reflects a low-complexity local attack with full C/I/A impact, meaning any low-privileged user or compromised process can exploit this to completely own the host. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; however, the 19 affected Windows SKUs spanning Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 make this a high-priority patch cycle item - particularly for Remote Desktop and terminal server deployments where untrusted local sessions are common.
Privilege escalation in Windows Telephony Service affects virtually every supported Windows desktop and server release, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. An authorized local attacker exploits an improper synchronization flaw (CWE-362) in shared resource access within the telephony subsystem to elevate privileges to SYSTEM level, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released patched builds; no public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver affects a broad range of Windows client and server versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2/26H1. A low-privileged local attacker can exploit the race window to gain SYSTEM-level access, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the host. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available from Microsoft via the MSRC update guide.
Local privilege escalation in Windows User-Mode Power Service (UMPS) affects a broad swath of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025. An authenticated low-privileged local user can exploit insufficient access control granularity (CWE-1220) in UMPS to elevate privileges, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact consistent with SYSTEM-level access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released patches across all affected build lines, making this a high-priority patching item for organizations running any of the 19 affected Windows configurations identified in EUVD-2026-56638.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Bind Filter Driver exposes Windows 11 systems across three active release tracks to full SYSTEM-level compromise by locally authenticated low-privilege users exploiting a kernel race condition. Rated CVSS 7.0 with high attack complexity, the vulnerability reflects a timing-dependent flaw in shared kernel resource access rather than a simple code injection. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is absent from CISA KEV; Microsoft has released patches for all confirmed affected builds.
Privilege escalation via numeric truncation in Microsoft's Digest Authentication subsystem affects a broad range of Windows releases, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 version 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. An attacker holding a low-privilege local account can exploit a CWE-197 integer type-conversion flaw to achieve full system compromise - the CVSS vector assigns high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability with no user interaction required. No public exploit code has been identified and no CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; however, Microsoft has released patches for all affected build ranges.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service, affecting a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases, stems from an integer underflow (CWE-191) that an authenticated local attacker can trigger to gain elevated - likely SYSTEM-level - privileges. The vulnerability requires only low-privileged local access with no user interaction, producing total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact per the CVSS vector. SSVC assessment confirms no exploitation activity at time of analysis and no public exploit code has been identified.
Windows MIDI Service Module on Windows 11 contains a race condition enabling a locally authenticated low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to a higher-integrity context, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact upon success. Affected builds span Windows 11 versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1 below specific patch thresholds confirmed by ENISA EUVD-2026-56345. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; the High attack complexity (AC:H) reflects the timing-dependent nature of race condition exploitation, moderating real-world risk relative to the CVSS base score of 7.0.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Push Notifications exposes a broad range of Microsoft Windows desktop and server editions to full SYSTEM-level compromise by an authenticated low-privileged local attacker. The flaw is a race condition (CWE-362) in which concurrent threads access a shared resource without adequate synchronization, creating a timing window that can be manipulated to corrupt execution state and redirect control to a privileged context. Microsoft has confirmed the issue and released patches across all affected Windows build lines; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Out-of-bounds read in the Windows Remote Desktop Client component (CWE-125) exposes high-sensitivity memory contents to remote network attackers, enabling information disclosure across all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 releases. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 7.5 base score with a network attack vector and no privilege requirement per the official vector, though SSVC classifies exploitation as not automatable and technical impact as partial, suggesting real-world exploitation is constrained by the need for a user to initiate an RDP connection to an attacker-controlled server. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, EPSS places active exploitation probability at 0.85% (55th percentile), and a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft MSRC.
Remote code memory disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Client (CWE-125) exposes sensitive process memory to an attacker operating a malicious or compromised RDP server. All major Windows desktop and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 are affected, representing essentially the entire active Windows install base running an RDP client. Microsoft has released patches via the MSRC advisory; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, and SSVC rates exploitation status as none.
Privilege escalation via double-free memory corruption in the Windows Network Connection Broker (NCBroker) service affects a broad swath of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. An authenticated local attacker with low-privilege access can exploit heap corruption induced by the double-free condition (CWE-415) to elevate privileges to SYSTEM level. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the exceptionally wide scope of affected Windows versions substantially broadens the attack surface for organizations with unpatched endpoints.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Accessibility Infrastructure (ATBroker.exe) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases through a symlink-following flaw (CWE-59). An authenticated local attacker can manipulate file system links to redirect ATBroker.exe file access operations, enabling elevation from a standard user account to SYSTEM-level privileges across default Windows installations. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; however, Microsoft has released a patch and the breadth of affected builds makes timely remediation critical.
Privilege escalation in the Windows Event Logging Service affects Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022/2025 across a wide range of builds via an improperly synchronized race condition on a shared resource. An authorized local attacker with low-level credentials can win a concurrent execution timing window to gain full SYSTEM-level privileges, achieving complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise on the affected host. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected Windows versions across both client and server editions makes patching a high-priority operational item.
Privilege escalation in Windows Telephony Service via an improper synchronization race condition (CWE-362) allows a locally authenticated, low-privilege attacker to gain full control over an affected system, achieving high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The flaw spans an exceptionally broad range of Windows releases - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2025 - and Microsoft has issued patched builds through the MSRC update guide. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not listed in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Privilege escalation via untrusted search path (CWE-426) in Windows Narrator Braille affects multiple Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds, allowing a locally authenticated attacker to elevate from standard user to higher privileges. The CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) reflects low attack complexity once local access is established, with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but a vendor-released patch is available and should be applied promptly.
Timing side-channel in AMD Vitis Libraries' ECDSA secp256k1 Security Module exposes private cryptographic keys to local attackers via statistical analysis of operation timing or electromagnetic emanations. Affected are versions prior to 2026.1 of the Vitis Libraries Security Module and Vitis Unified Installer for FPGAs and Adaptive SoCs on Windows. AMD has released version 2026.1 as the fix; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Sandbox escape in Activepieces prior to version 0.80.0 allows authenticated users with Code step creation rights to execute arbitrary Node.js code in the host engine process, bypassing the V8 isolate entirely. The flaw exists because the engine calls importFresh() - a wrapper around Node.js require() - to load user-supplied compiled modules before the V8 sandbox is instantiated, meaning top-level module code runs unrestricted in the host process. An attacker exploiting this can exfiltrate platform-critical environment secrets (AP_ENCRYPTION_KEY, AP_JWT_SECRET), read or write arbitrary files on the host, and reach internal services; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but key compromise would have platform-wide cascading consequences.
Sensitive memory disclosure in Adobe ColdFusion 2023 and 2025 stems from the server's use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm (CWE-327), enabling a remote unauthenticated attacker to retrieve confidential data - such as session tokens, credentials, or application secrets - that transit or reside in vulnerable cryptographic operations. Both the 2023 and 2025 product lines are confirmed affected per Adobe's own CPE data. No user interaction is required, and the CVSS vector confirms full network exploitability against default deployments. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Improper authentication (CWE-287) in Intel's Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) module allows a Ring-0 system software adversary with high privileges to breach Trust Domain isolation boundaries, enabling information disclosure and privilege escalation. Affects select Intel platforms running TDX with a high-complexity, locally-executed attack path - no user interaction required. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the confidential-computing trust model is fundamentally undermined if exploited: an adversary with hypervisor-level access could read or modify memory intended to be protected from exactly that privilege tier.
Out-of-bounds read in the kernel-mode (Ring 0) component of Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software for Windows enables a denial-of-service condition against affected Windows hosts. An unauthenticated attacker with adjacent network access and the ability to satisfy specific attack requirements can trigger a kernel-level crash, resulting in high availability impact to both the vulnerable system and any subsequent system processes. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE has not been listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
Out-of-bounds read in Intel PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software at the Ring 2 device driver layer allows adjacent network attackers without authentication to escalate privileges on affected Windows systems. The flaw, tracked under CWE-125, can be triggered by a low-complexity attack from the same WiFi segment or Layer 2 broadcast domain, requiring no user interaction, and yields High availability impact alongside Low confidentiality and integrity exposure. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated adjacent attack surface is meaningful for enterprise mobile workforces on untrusted networks.
Protection mechanism failure in Intel Data Center Attestation Primitives (Intel DCAP) enables unauthenticated network-based attackers with specialized internal knowledge to undermine the integrity of the attestation system and expose confidential data from downstream systems relying on SGX enclave verification. The vulnerability (CWE-693) is particularly impactful in confidential computing environments where DCAP serves as the trust anchor for SGX workload isolation. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and Intel has published advisory INTEL-SA-01449 addressing this issue.
Path traversal (CWE-23) in Zoom VDI Client and Plugins exposes authenticated local users to information disclosure and potential file integrity impact by allowing directory escape via crafted path input. Affected are all tracked versions under cpe:2.3:a:zoom_communications:zoom_vdi. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the High confidentiality and integrity impact ratings warrant prompt patching in VDI environments where insider or post-compromise scenarios are relevant threats.
DNS rebinding and local-network exposure in the Genkit Developer UI server (default port 4000) allows any attacker-controlled website visited by the developer, or any host on the developer's local network, to invoke POST /api/runAction and execute arbitrary registered Genkit actions, reading full results. The root cause is absent Host header validation combined with the server binding to all network interfaces rather than loopback only. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified; the upstream fix was merged on 2026-06-18 per GitHub PR #5587 and independently corroborated by a CISA CSAF advisory.
Credential exfiltration in Typebot prior to 3.17.0 allows a low-privilege guest workspace member to steal decrypted OpenAI-compatible API keys by invoking the model-listing endpoint with an attacker-controlled baseUrl. The server decrypts the stored credential and forwards the secret in both the Authorization header and an explicit api-key header to whatever URL the guest supplies, effectively acting as a credential-delivery proxy. This vulnerability has no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the attack is trivially exploitable by any authenticated workspace guest with read access.
Integer overflow in Vim's text-property subsystem (prior to 9.2.0841) allows a crafted file to wrap a uint16_t line-property counter from 0xffff to zero, causing prop_add_one() in src/textprop.c to copy existing text-property records into a heap allocation sized for zero entries. The resulting heap corruption can yield high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability consequences on the local user's process. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the CVSS 4.0 score of 7.1 (AV:L/AC:H) reflects meaningful risk for users who open untrusted files in Vim.
Credential forgery via type confusion in the TCG TPM 2.0 reference code (versions through v184) allows a local attacker holding high-privilege access to submit a falsified TPM key - such as an Attestation Key, DevID Key, or TLS authentication key - to a TPM-aware Certificate Authority and receive a legitimate credential for it. With that credential, the attacker can forge subsequent TPM 2.0 attestations, silently undermining the platform integrity guarantees that downstream security controls depend on, including measured boot verification, zero-trust device posture checks, and DevID-based network admission. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; the EPSS score of 0.22% at the 13th percentile is consistent with a targeted, post-compromise technique rather than a commodity attack.
Privilege escalation in Rapid7 Velociraptor's multi-tenant org management allows child org administrators to delete any org in the deployment by exploiting a misplaced permission check. The server incorrectly validates the ORG_ADMIN permission against the caller's own child org rather than the ROOT org, and child org admins can self-grant this permission within their local ACL scope. An attacker with child org admin credentials can permanently delete peer orgs - including all their forensic artifacts, hunt data, and client configurations - well outside their authorized boundary.
Cleartext SQL credential transmission in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Core before version 2024 SU7 exposes database credentials to any attacker capable of occupying a man-in-the-middle network position on the path between EPM Core and its external SQL backend. The underlying root cause is classified as CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation), suggesting the Core component fails to properly enforce TLS certificate validation - likely causing connections to proceed over unencrypted or improperly verified channels. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog; however, the network-accessible attack surface and high-value credential target make this a meaningful priority for organizations running EPM in network environments with untrusted segments.
Full write control over configured S3 session recording buckets is achievable in Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) before version 2024 SU7 by remote authenticated attackers exploiting a CWE-73 filename control flaw. The Core component fails to sanitize user-supplied input used to construct S3 object paths, enabling any low-privilege authenticated EPM user to write arbitrary data to the session recording bucket - potentially overwriting or corrupting forensic evidence. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; the fix is available as EPM 2024 SU7.
Denial-of-service via out-of-bounds read in the Ivanti Endpoint Manager Agent (all versions before 2024 SU7) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the agent service with a single crafted network request. The CVSS 7.5 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) confirms no authentication or user interaction is required, making this trivially exploitable from any network-reachable position. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; impact is limited to availability disruption of the EPM agent, with no confirmed confidentiality or integrity consequence.
Out-of-bounds read and memory exhaustion flaws in Velociraptor's NTFS parsing library allow denial of service when processing maliciously crafted NTFS images. Specifically affects deployments using the dead disk forensics workflow where Velociraptor ingests untrusted NTFS image files rather than live filesystems. An attacker who can supply a corrupted NTFS volume to a Velociraptor analyst can crash the tool, disrupting forensic investigations. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; patch available in version 0.77.2 and later.
Local arbitrary binary execution in Streambert, a cross-platform Electron desktop app for streaming and downloading video, affects all versions prior to 2.5.0 because the 'run-download' IPC handler fails to validate executable paths it receives. A renderer process that has already been compromised can invoke this handler to launch any local binary with the application's privileges, effectively escaping the renderer sandbox into full host code execution. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV; it was reported through GitHub (advisory GHSA-x267-77m6-qjc9) and fixed in version 2.5.0.
Out-of-bounds read in Siemens Parasolid V38.0 and V38.1 allows code execution when a user opens a specially crafted X_T geometry file. The flaw (CWE-125) resides in the X_T file parser and can result in arbitrary code executing within the context of the host process - typically a CAD or PLM application embedding the Parasolid kernel. No public exploit or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis; the CVSS 4.0 score of 7.3 reflects the local attack vector and passive user interaction requirement that constrain opportunistic exploitation.
Out-of-bounds read during BMP file parsing in Siemens Simcenter Femap (all versions prior to V2606.0001) enables code execution within the context of the running process. An attacker must deliver a specially crafted BMP file and induce a local user to open it with the application. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but the high CIA impact scores in the CVSS 4.0 vector confirm that successful exploitation achieves full process compromise.
Out-of-bounds read in Siemens Simcenter Femap's BMP file parser exposes all versions prior to V2606.0001 to code execution in the context of the running process. The flaw is triggered when a user opens a specially crafted BMP file, making it a classic file-format attack against a CAE/FEA desktop application. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the high confidentiality/integrity/availability impact and the availability of a vendor-confirmed patch make prompt upgrading advisable.
LOGO! Soft Comfort, Siemens' programming environment for LOGO! small programmable logic controllers, stores project protection passwords as unsalted SHA-256 hashes, enabling efficient offline recovery attacks against anyone who obtains a project file. All versions prior to V9 are affected according to Siemens advisory SSA-751328. An attacker who acquires the project file - through file system access, network share exposure, backup theft, or insider access - can bypass password protection by cracking the hash offline without rate-limiting or account lockout constraints. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and exploitation is not confirmed in CISA KEV.
Hardcoded AES encryption in Siemens LOGO! Soft Comfort (all versions before V9) exposes every password-protected project file to decryption without knowledge of any user-defined password. A local attacker who can access the application installation - via shared workstation access, insider position, or post-compromise foothold - can extract the static master key from binaries or process memory and apply it universally to any project file ever encrypted by the affected software. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Out-of-bounds read code execution in Siemens Solid Edge SE2025 and SE2026 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user process by convincing a target to open a specially crafted PAR (part file) document. The flaw resides in the application's PAR file parser, where insufficient bounds checking on read operations enables memory corruption leading to code execution. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing are present at time of analysis; patches are available for both affected release trains.
Out-of-bounds read in Siemens Solid Edge's PAR file parser enables code execution within the running process when a victim opens a specially crafted part file. Both active product branches are affected: SE2025 prior to V225.0 Update 15 and SE2026 prior to V226.0 Update 7. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the vendor-confirmed code-execution primitive elevates this beyond a typical information-disclosure finding tagged under CWE-125.
Use-after-free in Siemens Solid Edge SE2025 and SE2026 enables arbitrary code execution in the context of the current process when a user opens a specially crafted DFT file. Both affected annual release branches are vulnerable until patched - SE2025 prior to V225.0 Update 15 and SE2026 prior to V226.0 Update 7 - as confirmed by Siemens Security Advisory SSA-621657. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; the CVSS 4.0 AC:H rating indicates non-trivial exploit development is required.
Use-after-free memory corruption in Siemens Solid Edge SE2025 and SE2026 allows code execution in the context of the current user process when a specially crafted DFT (draft) file is parsed. Affected are all SE2025 releases prior to V225.0 Update 15 and all SE2026 releases prior to V226.0 Update 7, as confirmed by Siemens advisory SSA-621657. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and the local attack vector combined with required user interaction meaningfully constrains real-world exposure.
Out-of-bounds read in Siemens Solid Edge SE2025 and SE2026 enables code execution within the application process when a victim opens a specially crafted DFT (Draft) drawing file. Siemens confirmed and patched the vulnerability via Product CERT advisory SSA-621657, with fixes delivered in SE2025 V225.0 Update 15 and SE2026 V226.0 Update 7. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but the file-parsing attack vector is consistent with targeted document-delivery threats directed at engineering and manufacturing organizations.
Craft CMS exposes arbitrary environment variables and secrets to authenticated control panel users due to premature interpolation of ${ENV_VAR} patterns in the elementId parameter before Twig sandbox evaluation - a design flaw that bypasses the sandbox entirely because substitution occurs outside the renderer. Affected versions span both the 4.x and 5.x release lines from their respective RC1 milestones through just before 4.18.2 and 5.10.6. An attacker holding any control panel account can exfiltrate CRAFT_SECURITY_KEY and all other configured secrets via a blind, error-based extraction loop, enabling session forgery, privilege escalation, and theft of database, SMTP, API, and blob storage credentials; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Arbitrary file read in Craft CMS 4.x and 5.x exposes .env files, database credentials, and security keys by exploiting an incomplete blocklist in the create() Twig function that omits PHP's SplFileObject class. An authenticated administrator with allowAdminChanges=true can plant a malicious entry type title or URI format; when any user subsequently creates an entry in the affected section, the Twig renderer instantiates SplFileObject and renders the contents of arbitrary server files as entry titles. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-957r-qf9p-67xw provides full technical disclosure of the technique.
Account takeover in n8n before 2.32.1 (and before 2.31.5 in the prior release line) is enabled by two simultaneous omissions in the Token Exchange Embed Login feature: the platform accepts an incoming JWT's email claim without confirming the issuer has cryptographically verified that address, and it does not enforce the trusted key's configured role ceiling against the matched local account. An attacker able to obtain any validly-signed token from a configured trusted issuer - including issuers that routinely emit unverified email addresses as part of their standard flows - can present that token with a victim user's email and be granted a fully authenticated n8n session with complete account control. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; however, the vulnerability is exploitable in straightforward steps once both deployment preconditions are satisfied.
Heap-based out-of-bounds read and write in FreeRDP before 3.30.0 can be triggered by a malicious peer during CredSSP/NLA Kerberos authentication, allowing information disclosure, heap memory corruption, or denial of service. The flaw exists in kerberos_DecryptMessage() where the peer-supplied 16-bit EC field of a GSS Wrap token is used directly in pointer arithmetic without bounds validation, enabling any RDP peer - rogue server or malicious client - to shift decrypt pointers up to 65535 bytes past the end of a ~60-byte token buffer. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Information disclosure in OpenSignLabs OpenSign through 2.37.0 exposes complete organisation tenant records to unauthenticated remote attackers via the gettenant Parse cloud function. The function accepts a contactId parameter and returns the full tenant configuration record without any authentication or authorization check, enabling systematic enumeration of all tenant data across a multi-tenant deployment. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the trivial attack complexity (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) means no specialised tooling is required.
OpenSign through version 2.37.0 exposes an unauthenticated remote integrity bypass in its document audit-trail mechanism, allowing any network-accessible attacker to fabricate arbitrary audit log entries by directly invoking the triggerevent Parse cloud function with caller-controlled viewer identity and IP address parameters. The vulnerability (CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity) directly undermines non-repudiation in digitally signed documents, which is the legal and evidentiary foundation of electronic signature workflows. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS vector confirms the attack requires no authentication, no user interaction, and low complexity, making it trivially exploitable against any exposed OpenSign deployment.
Uncontrolled heap allocation in WildFly's CSIv2Util GSS token decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to trigger OutOfMemoryError by supplying a crafted length field, crashing or destabilizing the Java application server. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) confirms no authentication or user interaction is required, making this a trivially exploitable denial-of-service condition against any WildFly deployment with an accessible IIOP endpoint. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog.
Authentication bypass in Red Hat PicketLink Federation's SAML implementation lets unauthenticated remote attackers impersonate any principal in any role, because the unsolicited (IdP-initiated) response handler accepts forged SAML assertions without verifying their signature or validating their contents. Successful exploitation yields full identity spoofing, enabling information disclosure and access to restricted operations. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS 9.8 rating and trivial-to-forge nature make this a high-priority flaw for any application relying on PicketLink SAML SSO.
Insecure Direct Object Reference in Chiline Cloud (Inventec Appliances) versions up to and including 4.5.9 exposes sensitive user data to unauthenticated remote attackers. By manipulating a specific request parameter - likely a user identifier or resource key - an attacker can bypass authorization checks and read account data belonging to arbitrary other users. Reported by TWCERT and catalogued under EUVD-2026-55925, no public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis, though the trivial exploitation conditions (network-accessible, no authentication, no user interaction) make this a high-priority disclosure risk.
SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform (Central Management Server) protects user credential objects with a hard-coded cryptographic key, enabling a high-privileged local attacker to retrieve those objects and decrypt their contents. Affected versions include ENTERPRISE 430, 2025, and 2027 of the CMS component. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS scope change (S:C) signals that successfully decrypted credentials can be used to compromise systems beyond the BI platform itself.
Missing authorization checks in SAP ABAP Developer Tools (the Eclipse-based IDE for ABAP development) allow any low-privileged SAP user to execute unauthorized database operations against SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP backends. The flaw spans a wide range of SAP_BASIS releases (750 through 920) and yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the ABAP application layer - including the ability to read sensitive business data, modify application records, and disrupt legitimate user access. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity and broad version coverage elevate real-world risk considerably for enterprises running ADT-connected NetWeaver systems.
Software supply-chain compromise of react18-use, a small React 19 `use`-hook shim maintained by dai-shi, in which malicious commits pushed to the GitHub default branch between 2026-05-19 01:07:01 and 15:20:43 UTC added a `postinstall` script (`src/install.js`) that runs attacker-controlled remote code on developer machines during `npm install`. The malicious commits were later removed by force-push and the package was never published to npm, but local clones, forks, and direct-SHA URLs still carry them, so any `npm install` against an affected checkout still executes the payload today. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV, but the embedded code itself constitutes working malware (CWE-506); anyone who ran `npm install` on a developer workstation on or after 2026-05-19 01:07:01 should assume full host compromise.
Authenticated regular users on Mastodon instances running 4.6.0-beta.1 through 4.6.3 can access personally identifying information - specifically the email address and last-used IP address - belonging to any other local user by invoking the admin collections controller show action, which incorrectly resolved to the general collection policy instead of the admin-scoped policy. The root cause is a single missing namespace argument in a Pundit authorize call (authorize @collection vs. authorize [:admin, @collection]), confirmed by commit diff and fixed in the 4.6.4 stable release. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; notably, the NVD-assigned CVSS PR:N (unauthenticated) conflicts with the description's explicit requirement for a logged-in local user, overstating the raw score.
Unauthenticated denial-of-service in Mastodon's admin statistics API allows any remote caller to exhaust server database resources by submitting crafted requests to the measures and retention endpoints before authorization is enforced. Mastodon instances on versions prior to 4.4.21, 4.5.14, 4.6.4, and 4.7.0-beta.1 are exposed; the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) confirms trivial, authentication-free exploitation at network range. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified, but the low attack complexity and broad API exposure make unpatched public-facing instances an easy target for service disruption.
Malicious code injection in the react-tracked source repository (GitHub dai-shi/react-tracked) allowed attacker-controlled remote code execution on developer machines during dependency installation. Between 2026-05-18 19:26:36 and 2026-05-19 15:22:45 UTC the default branch carried booby-trapped commits (6978272 through 949f1a3) that added a postinstall hook fetching and evaluating a second-stage payload from an attacker HTTPS endpoint. The malicious commits were force-pushed away and the package was never published to npm, so npm registry consumers are unaffected, but anyone who ran `npm install` against a poisoned checkout, fork, or direct-SHA clone still executes the code today. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not on CISA KEV, though the incident is a confirmed real compromise rather than a theoretical bug.
Credential derivation in Red Hat OpenShift AI's Data Science Pipelines Operator allows unauthenticated remote attackers to predict MariaDB root/user passwords and MinIO access/secret keys by exploiting a cryptographically weak PRNG (CWE-338). Any attacker who can reach the MinIO Route or MariaDB Service over the network can compute valid credentials without prior authentication, then access all pipeline artifacts and metadata stored in the system. No active exploitation is confirmed and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS 7.5 High rating with AV:N and PR:N reflects a no-authentication-barrier condition against exposed services.
Privilege escalation in odh-dashboard (Red Hat OpenShift AI) allows an attacker who has obtained the dashboard's Service Account token to abuse overly broad SA permissions and elevate to cluster-administrator level. Exploitation grants full access to secrets, credentials, and keys across the entire OpenShift cluster, while also breaking multi-tenant isolation between workloads. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE is not in CISA KEV, but the CVSS score of 8.8 and cluster-wide blast radius make it a high-priority remediation target for RHOAI deployments.