Denial of Service

NULL pointer dereference and buffer over-read in the Linux kernel's AMD display driver (drm/amd/display) can be triggered by a local user writing to the sdp_message debugfs node, causing a kernel panic and denial of service. The dp_sdp_message_debugfs_write() function fails to check whether connector->base.state->crtc is NULL - a valid transient state after GPU hotplug before an atomic commit - and unconditionally passes 36 bytes to copy_from_user() regardless of the caller-provided size, enabling a second over-read path. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists; EPSS is 0.18% (7th percentile), consistent with a localized, hardware-dependent DoS.

NULL pointer dereference in GPAC MP4Box's filter pipeline traversal function crashes the application when processing a specially crafted media file. Affected versions prior to 26.02.0 fail to validate the `pidi->pid` pointer before dereferencing it inside `gf_filter_in_parent_chain` (filter_pid.c:2176), enabling a local attacker to cause a Denial of Service by supplying a malicious input file. No public exploit identification as KEV, but a publicly available proof-of-concept exists on GitHub; EPSS of 0.17% (6th percentile) reflects low observed exploitation probability consistent with the local-only, user-interaction-required attack vector.

Use-after-free in MP4Box's filter pipeline (gf_filter_pid_get_packet, filter_core/filter_pid.c) crashes the application when processing a crafted media file, resulting in Denial of Service. Affected versions are all GPAC/MP4Box releases prior to 26.02.0. A publicly available proof-of-concept exploit exists, though exploitation requires local access and user interaction - the CVSS vector (AV:L/UI:R) and low EPSS score of 0.17% indicate limited real-world automated exploitation risk. No confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV not listed).

Denial of service in GPAC's MP4Box multimedia tool (versions before 26.02.0) arises from a use-after-free in the gf_sei_load_from_state_internal function of the SEI loader filter (src/filters/sei_load.c). Processing a maliciously crafted MPEG-2 Transport Stream file causes the parser to dereference a dangling pointer, crashing the application. Publicly available exploit code (a PoC test case and write-up) exists, though the issue is not listed in CISA KEV and carries a low EPSS exploitation probability (0.17%, 6th percentile).

Use-after-free in MP4Box's filter pipeline core (gf_filter_pid_inst_swap in filter_pid.c) allows local attackers to crash the application - and potentially achieve memory corruption beyond DoS - by supplying a crafted media file. Publicly available exploit code exists for this vulnerability, hosted on GitHub in a dedicated proof-of-concept repository. The EPSS score is low (0.17%, 6th percentile) with no CISA KEV listing, suggesting the public POC is research-grade rather than part of active exploitation campaigns, but the barrier to triggering a crash is low for any attacker with file delivery capability.

Infinite-loop denial of service in the Zephyr RTOS PL011 UART driver (v4.1.0-v4.4.0) permanently stalls any thread that calls uart_irq_tx_enable() - including the Bluetooth HCI H4 send path - when CTS hardware flow control is enabled and the wired peer withholds CTS during transmission. The root cause is a software workaround loop (CWE-835) that compensates for the PL011 controller's level-transition TX interrupt behavior but never exits when pl011_fifo_fill() returns 0 due to a blocked CTS line. No public exploit has been identified and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; exploitation requires physical or hardware-adjacent control of the UART CTS pin, materially constraining real-world risk.

Null pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's BPF LWT (Lightweight Tunnel) subsystem allows a local user with BPF syscall privileges to crash the kernel via a denial-of-service. The flaw exists because bpf_prog_test_run_skb constructs a socket buffer (skb) without initializing skb->_skb_refdst; when a BPF program invokes the bpf_lwt_xmit_push_encap helper through this test path, the subsequent dereference of skb_dst(skb)->dev hits a null pointer and triggers a kernel panic. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists, and EPSS is very low at 0.18% (7th percentile), consistent with the specialized access required.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's MediaTek mt76/mt7925 WiFi driver crashes affected systems when the `vif` (virtual interface) pointer is uninitialized at the time `mt7925_mac_write_txwi` calls `ieee80211_vif_is_mld(vif)`. Local low-privilege users on systems equipped with mt7925 hardware and running unpatched kernels can trigger a kernel panic, resulting in a denial of service. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and the EPSS score of 0.17% (6th percentile) reflects negligible real-world exploitation probability at this time.

Error pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's brcmfmac Broadcom WiFi driver allows a local low-privilege attacker to crash the kernel via a NULL pointer dereference, resulting in denial of service. The function brcmf_chip_add_core() in brcmf_chip_recognition() can return an ERR_PTR sentinel value that is never validated before being dereferenced at five separate code sites (lines 1010-1022 of chip.c), as identified by Smatch static analysis. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; EPSS sits at 0.18% (7th percentile), consistent with a low-priority local DoS affecting only systems with Broadcom WiFi hardware.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's Traffic Control cls_fw (firewall classifier) module causes a local denial of service via kernel crash. Affected kernels from commit ed76f5edccc9 onward publish TC filters to the shared datapath block before the ->change() validation function runs; an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN who adds an invalid 'old-style' cls_fw filter to a shared block can trigger fw_classify() to dereference a NULL 'q->handle' pointer when live traffic hits the unvalidated filter. No public exploit or KEV listing exists at time of analysis, and EPSS sits at the 7th percentile (0.17%), consistent with a kernel-local, capability-gated DoS.

Null pointer dereference in the Linux kernel Bluetooth HCI UART line discipline driver (hci_ldisc) allows local low-privileged users on systems with UART-attached Bluetooth hardware to crash the kernel, causing denial of service. The flaw spans multiple stable kernel branches from 5.4.x through 6.15 and stems from a missing flag clear in the error path of hci_uart_register_dev(). No public exploit code exists and EPSS sits at the 7th percentile (0.17%), indicating low real-world exploitation probability; patched versions are available across all affected stable branches.

Kernel panic via unchecked error pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's drm/sun4i display backend driver affects Allwinner SoC-based systems running kernel versions from 4.17 up to the patched releases. In sun4i_backend_atomic_check() at drivers/gpu/drm/sun4i/sun4i_backend.c:496, the return value of drm_atomic_get_plane_state() is not validated against IS_ERR() before dereference, allowing a local low-privilege user to crash the kernel. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and the EPSS score of 0.16% (6th percentile) reflects negligible real-world exploitation interest.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel dm-cache subsystem crashes the kernel when concurrent writes target the same cached block in passthrough mode. The flaw affects any kernel with a dm-cache device explicitly configured in passthrough mode since version 4.12, allowing a local low-privileged user with write access to the block device to cause a kernel panic and complete denial of service. No public exploit code exists and EPSS at 0.18% (7th percentile) confirms very low exploitation probability; fixed across multiple stable kernel series with patches confirmed by Ubuntu security advisories.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's DRM Cadence MHDP8546 DisplayPort bridge driver (cdns-mhdp8546-core) can be triggered by a local low-privileged user on systems with the affected hardware, causing a kernel panic and complete system availability loss. The flaw arises when error recovery paths in cdns_mhdp_modeset_retry_fn() attempt to access a mutex via a connector pointer that has not yet been initialized in the DRM_BRIDGE_ATTACH_NO_CONNECTOR code path. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified; patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches.

Instability and system crash vulnerability in the Linux kernel's Qualcomm DRM/MSM Display Processing Unit (DPU) driver allows a local low-privileged attacker to trigger a voltage-clock mismatch that causes the MMCX power rail to fall to MIN_SVS while the DPU core clock remains at its maximum frequency. This race condition between power management and clock control during runtime suspend/resume can leave the hardware in an unsustainable electrical state, leading to display subsystem failure or kernel panic. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS of 0.18% reflects the hardware-specific, local-only nature of this flaw.

NULL pointer dereference in the GFS2 filesystem's log release path crashes the Linux kernel during unmount on affected versions. The vulnerability arises because gfs2_log_release() dereferences sdp->sd_jdesc without checking for NULL, which can occur after the journal descriptor has already been freed during the unmount sequence. A prior fix (commit 35264909e9d1) addressed the same class of bug in gfs2_log_flush() but left gfs2_log_release() unprotected. No public exploit exists (EPSS 0.17%), exploitation is limited to local access on GFS2-mounted systems, and patches are available across all affected stable kernel branches.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's fwctl subsystem allows a local low-privilege user to crash the kernel when CXL memory expansion hardware is present and a device removal is triggered. The defect stems from a deterministic module initialization ordering race between the CXL and fwctl drivers, leaving knode_class uninitialized at device registration time and causing device_del() to dereference it fatally on removal. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS of 0.17% (6th percentile) reflects very low exploitation probability consistent with the local-only attack surface.

Null pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's BPF sockmap subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to crash the system via a race condition between AF_UNIX socket connection and sockmap proto update. The flaw exists because unix_stream_connect() sets sk_state to TCP_ESTABLISHED before assigning the peer pointer, creating a window where unix_stream_bpf_update_proto() dereferences unix_peer(sk) while it is still NULL. No public exploit exists and EPSS sits at the 8th percentile; this is not in CISA KEV, and the narrow race window constrains practical exploitation.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's BPF verifier crashes the kernel when a scalar register is stored into a kptr map slot during BPF program loading. Introduced by commit ab6c637ad027, which refactored map_kptr_match_type() to call btf_is_kernel(reg->btf) before the guard that excludes non-BTF register types - exposing scalar registers (reg->btf == NULL) to an immediate NULL dereference. A local user with BPF syscall access can trigger a kernel panic, producing a denial of service. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and EPSS is low at 0.17% (6th percentile), consistent with the local-only, DoS-limited impact.

Error pointer dereference in the Linux kernel USB Type-C TI Power Delivery (tipd) driver allows a local low-privileged user to crash the kernel (denial of service) on systems with TI CD321x or TPS6598x USB Type-C controller hardware. The flaw in `cd321x_update_work()` at `drivers/usb/typec/tipd/core.c:827` logs a warning when `typec_register_partner()` fails but omits an early return, causing a subsequent unconditional dereference of the error pointer via `typec_partner_set_identity()`. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, EPSS probability is 0.17% (6th percentile), and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel nexthop routing subsystem allows a local privileged attacker to crash the kernel (denial of service) by exploiting a stale address-family flag state. The `has_v4` flag in nexthop groups is not updated when an IPv6 nexthop is replaced with an IPv4 one, letting a corrupt group bypass `fib6_check_nexthop` validation and attach to an IPv6 route; subsequent traffic through that route calls `nexthop_fib6_nh()`, which returns NULL for the AF_INET member, triggering the panic. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the CVE disclosure itself includes a functional step-by-step reproducer using standard `ip nexthop` and `ip route` commands, and the EPSS score of 0.18% (8th percentile) reflects low current real-world exploitation pressure.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel ICE (Intel Ethernet Controller) driver allows a local low-privileged attacker to trigger a kernel panic via a race condition during TX timestamp ring teardown. The flaw exists in systems using Intel ICE-series NICs with TX timestamping configured, where concurrent execution of ice_free_tx_tstamp_ring() and ice_tx_map() across CPU cores can cause CPU B to dereference a pointer that CPU A has already set to NULL. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; EPSS is 0.15% (5th percentile), consistent with its local, timing-dependent nature.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel ice driver's error path can cause a kernel panic on systems using Intel E800/E830 series Ethernet adapters. The flaw in ice_set_ringparam() leaves the ICE_TX_RING_FLAGS_TXTIME bit set after nullifying tstamp_ring, so a subsequent failure in ice_setup_tx_ring() triggers a dereference of a NULL tstamp_ring->desc pointer during error unwinding. No public exploit exists and EPSS sits at 0.15% (5th percentile), consistent with the discoverer's note that this was identified by manual code review rather than observed exploitation.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's sch_dualpi2 queuing discipline (net/sched) allows a local attacker with low privileges to crash the kernel, causing a denial of service. The flaw exists in dualpi2_change(), which enforces updated queue limits after a qdisc reconfiguration: when traffic is exclusively queued in the L-queue and the C-queue is empty, the function unconditionally dereferences the NULL skb returned by the C-queue dequeue path, triggering a kernel panic. No public exploit code has been identified and EPSS sits at 0.17% (7th percentile), consistent with a locally-triggered, configuration-dependent kernel bug.

Kernel crash via scheduler state corruption in the Linux kernel's CFS/EEVDF fair scheduler allows a local user to cause a NULL pointer dereference and system denial of service. When a task is forked while the parent's sched_entity has rel_deadline set, the child inherits stale deadline state that __sched_fork() fails to clear; a subsequent sched_yield() call on the child inflates vruntime by approximately 2x (observed: ~9.8e15 jumping to ~1.9e16), corrupting cfs_rq->sum_w_vruntime and ultimately causing pick_next_entity() to return NULL unexpectedly. No active exploitation has been identified (EPSS 0.17%, not in CISA KEV), and upstream stable patches are available across multiple kernel branches.

An infinite loop condition in the Linux kernel's DRM/TTM GPU memory management subsystem allows a local unprivileged user to cause a system-level denial of service. When `ttm_bo_swapout()` encounters a swapout failure, the error recovery path incorrectly repositions the buffer object at the tail of the LRU list - placing it ahead of the walk cursor's hitch node - so the subsequent `list_for_each_entry_continue()` repeatedly processes the same resource indefinitely, hanging the kernel's memory reclaim path. No public exploit has been identified and EPSS probability is 0.17% (6th percentile), but the stable kernel patch is confirmed available via two upstream commits.

Ceph filesystem client in the Linux kernel panics with a BUG_ON assertion in __ceph_build_xattrs_blob() due to a race condition that leaves a pre-calculated xattr blob size stale, introduced by an earlier commit that restructured size computation order. All kernels from Linux 6.0 onward running a CephFS mount are affected, with fixed releases available at 6.12.91, 6.18.33, 7.0.10, and 7.1. A local low-privileged user with access to a Ceph-mounted filesystem can trigger a kernel panic causing complete system denial of service; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Integer overflow in the Linux kernel i2c character device driver allows a local low-privileged user to corrupt the SMBus controller state machine and cause a persistent Denial of Service. By supplying a crafted large timeout value (e.g., 429496729) to the I2C_TIMEOUT ioctl that passes the INT_MAX bounds check but overflows to a negative integer after multiplication by 10, an attacker forces wait_for_completion_timeout() to receive a sign-extended negative 64-bit value, triggering schedule_timeout kernel warnings and leaving the SMBus adapter in an unrecoverable state. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and EPSS is 0.18% (8th percentile), reflecting low mass-exploitation risk; however, the flaw is mechanically straightforward on any system granting unprivileged access to /dev/i2c-* nodes.

Out-of-bounds read in ImageMagick's ConnectedComponentsImage() function allows local attackers to trigger access violations by supplying malformed connected-components artifact definitions via the CLI, leading to denial of service or potential arbitrary code execution. All ImageMagick releases before 7.1.2-19 are affected, as are Magick.NET NuGet packages before 14.12.0. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, but the RCE and information-disclosure tags warrant attention in environments that process untrusted image inputs through automated pipelines.

Memory exhaustion via unfreed heap allocations in ImageMagick before 7.1.2-15 enables remote denial of service against services that process untrusted images through the affected raw-pixel-data coders. The flaw (CWE-401) causes 160-byte objects to accumulate on the heap with each crafted image processed, progressively starving the host process of memory. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.3 reflects network reachability offset by high attack complexity and partial attack requirements, limiting realistic mass exploitation.

Denial of service in Capgo's /auth/v1/otp endpoint blocks email-based 2FA enrollment for authenticated users in all versions before 12.128.2. The backend captcha validation subsystem fails to handle exceptions gracefully, consistently returning HTTP 500 errors and preventing users from completing two-factor authentication setup. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, but the impact is security-control degradation: users cannot activate 2FA, leaving accounts with only single-factor protection.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel SMC subsystem's smc_msg_event tracepoint crashes the kernel when SMC-D socket traffic is processed while the tracepoint is active. Affected kernels from commit aff3083f10bff7a37eaa2b4e6bc5fb627ddd5f84 across multiple stable branches dereference conn->lnk unconditionally in the tracepoint, though this pointer is only valid for SMC-R connections and is NULL for SMC-D. While activating the tracepoint requires root, the crash itself can be triggered by any unprivileged user via AF_SMC socket operations on SMC-D capable systems (s390 natively, or x86 with loopback ISM loaded). No public exploit or active exploitation confirmed; EPSS sits at 0.16%.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel RDS/InfiniBand subsystem allows an unprivileged local user to trigger a kernel panic by sending an atomic cmsg over an active RDS/IB connection. The completion handler rds_ib_send_unmap_op() lacks switch cases for masked atomic opcodes (IB_WR_MASKED_ATOMIC_CMP_AND_SWP, IB_WR_MASKED_ATOMIC_FETCH_AND_ADD), returning rm=NULL while the send operation remains flagged, leading to a fatal NULL dereference at rm->m_final_op in softirq context. No public exploit has been identified and EPSS is 0.16% (6th percentile), but the crash is deterministic and reproducible on any system with mlx4/mlx5 InfiniBand hardware running an unpatched kernel with active RDS/IB connections.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's BPF socket storage subsystem (net/core/bpf_sk_storage.c) allows a local low-privileged user to crash the kernel. The race condition between bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() - which nulls smap before removing the element from the hlist - and concurrent RCU readers in bpf_sk_storage_clone() and bpf_sk_storage_diag_put_all() can be triggered during TCP SYN handling (socket cloning path), producing a kernel panic. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS of 0.14% (4th percentile) confirms negligible observed exploitation probability.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to crash the kernel via a race condition between RCU readers and VRF port removal operations, resulting in a complete denial of service on affected systems. Systems using VRF network segmentation are at risk specifically when VRF port membership is dynamically modified concurrent with socket bind() operations. EPSS is 0.16% (6th percentile) and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; no public exploit code has been identified, but patched kernel versions are available across all active stable branches.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel netfilter ipset subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to disrupt availability by triggering an iterator overrun in hash:ip,mark, hash:ip,port, hash:ip,port,ip, or hash:ip,port,net set types during IPv4 range iteration. The 32-bit loop iterator is not properly bounded, allowing it to advance past the last address in the requested range; subsequent retry passes then resume from an unintended position, corrupting traversal state. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and the EPSS score of 0.16% (6th percentile) confirms very low exploitation probability, making this a routine patching priority rather than an emergency response.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel's batman-adv OGMv2 subsystem allows a local low-privilege user to crash the kernel by racing interface teardown against OGM dispatch. When a batman-adv hard interface is disabled and its mesh_iface pointer is set to NULL, the batadv_v_ogm_queue_on_if() function continues to call netdev_priv() on that NULL pointer, triggering a kernel panic. No public exploit exists and EPSS is 0.18% (7th percentile), making this low operational priority except on systems actively running batman-adv mesh networking.

Stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the GV-Cloud component of GeoVision GV-VMS V20 20.0.2 enables a remote attacker with a network-intercept position to crash the video management system, causing high-impact denial of service against physical security infrastructure. Exploitation requires impersonating the legitimate GV-Cloud server - achieved via MitM techniques - and delivering a specially crafted network payload that corrupts stack memory in the GV-Cloud client handler. Reported by Cisco Talos (TALOS-2026-2411); no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing exists.

Heap use-after-free in GPAC MP4Box 2.5-DEV-rev1593-gfe88c3545-master crashes the application when a local authenticated user processes a specially crafted MPEG-2 TS or MP4 file. The defect resides in `gf_filter_pid_inst_swap_delete_task()` within `filter_core/filter_pid.c`, where PID instance cleanup dereferences already-freed objects during a swap/delete operation, causing a heap corruption and denial of service. No public exploit has triggered active exploitation per CISA KEV, but a proof-of-concept is publicly available; EPSS sits at 0.18% (7th percentile), consistent with limited real-world targeting.

Denial of service in GPAC (libgpac/MP4Box) before 26.02.0 lets an attacker crash the application by feeding it a crafted media file that triggers a use-after-free in gf_filter_pid_inst_swap_delete_task within the filter-core PID handling code. Any pipeline or user that parses untrusted media through GPAC is affected, with publicly available proof-of-concept code, though no active exploitation has been reported and EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.17%, 6th percentile). Impact is limited to availability - there is no confidentiality or integrity loss per the CVSS vector.

Denial of service in GPAC's MP4Box/libgpac media importer (versions before 26.02.0) lets an attacker crash the tool by supplying a crafted media file. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read of a language metadata string in gf_media_import (media_import.c), where three characters were read without verifying the string's length. Publicly available exploit code exists (sigdevel PoC), but it is not listed in CISA KEV and EPSS is low (0.19%, 8th percentile), indicating minimal observed real-world exploitation.

Use-after-free in GPAC MP4Box before version 26.02.0 allows a local attacker to crash the application by supplying a crafted media file, resulting in Denial of Service. The flaw resides in the filter PID lifecycle management within filter_pid.c, where a PID instance could be freed prematurely while a pending reconfiguration task still held a reference to it. Publicly available exploit code exists, though the attack requires user interaction to process the malicious file and exploitation is limited to DoS with no confidentiality or integrity impact.

Unrestricted TOTP brute-forcing on Snipe-IT versions prior to 8.6.0 allows an attacker holding valid password credentials to bypass two-factor authentication by submitting unlimited guesses against the `POST /two-factor` endpoint, which enforces no rate limit, lockout, or attempt counter. With the `google2fa` window configured at 1, three of one million possible codes are valid at any instant, making statistical exhaustion feasible via scripted requests. Successful exploitation yields full session-level account takeover; in optional-2FA deployments the attacker can additionally call `POST /account/profile` to permanently disable 2FA with no re-verification, and admin-privileged attackers can clear other users' 2FA secrets via `POST /api/v1/users/two_factor_reset`. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Permanent denial of service in opentelemetry-ebpf-profiler versions 0.0.202527 through 0.0.202621 allows any unprivileged co-located process to halt the agent's ELF analysis goroutine by placing a FIFO or special file at a path the profiler will attempt to open via openat2. Once blocked, the processPIDEvents goroutine never recovers, rendering the profiling agent inoperable for the lifetime of the process. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; impact is strictly confined to availability of the profiling agent with no data exposure or privilege escalation possible.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in jackson-databind 2.10.0 through 2.13.5 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to cause a Denial-of-Service by submitting small (~2kB), deeply nested JSON payloads that trigger a StackOverflowError when a service reads the input via ObjectMapper.readTree() and serializes the resulting JsonNode using JsonNode.toString(). The root cause is recursive serialization in the toString() call path, which was replaced with an iterative IteratorStack-based implementation in version 2.14.0. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and active exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA KEV.

Denial of service in MuPDF before 1.27.0-rc1 allows remote attackers to crash any application embedding the library for EPUB rendering by supplying a crafted EPUB file containing deeply nested HTML elements and inline CSS. The flaw lives in the CSS property inheritance walker (value_from_inheritable_property() in css-apply.c), which recurses without a depth bound and exhausts the process stack. Publicly available exploit code exists via the Artifex bug tracker, but the issue is not listed in CISA KEV and CVSS 4.0 base is 7.1 (availability-only impact).

File descriptor exhaustion in the Gogs built-in Go SSH server allows unauthenticated remote attackers to render the SSH service completely unavailable. By opening a large number of TCP connections to the SSH port and withholding the SSH-2.0 protocol banner, an attacker forces Gogs to spawn unbounded goroutines that block indefinitely in `golang.org/x/crypto/ssh.NewServerConn`, consuming one file descriptor per connection. Once the OS `ulimit -n` ceiling is breached, the server can accept no new connections and the entire Gogs process begins failing with cascading I/O errors. No public exploitation (KEV) confirmed, but a fully functional Python PoC is publicly disclosed alongside the advisory and the fix is available in v0.14.3.

Heap use-after-free in dhcpcd through 10.3.2 enables unauthenticated same-link attackers - acting as or impersonating a DHCPv6 server - to crash the daemon by sending a crafted DHCPv6 RENEW reply exploiting a pointer lifecycle flaw in delegated prefix deprecation. The flaw triggers dhcp6_deprecatedele() to free a delegated child address while an outer TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE iterator in dhcp6_deprecateaddrs() still retains the freed pointer, causing a use-after-free when TAILQ_REMOVE is subsequently reached. Impact is limited to availability (daemon crash); no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the adjacent-network attack vector and zero-privilege requirement lower the bar for local segment adversaries.

Heap use-after-free in ImageMagick's meta coder allows remote attackers to crash the process by submitting a specially crafted image file that triggers a memory allocation failure, causing a single byte write to a stale (freed) pointer. Affected versions are ImageMagick before 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40, as well as Magick.NET NuGet wrapper packages before 14.10.3. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.3 with AC:H and AT:P reflects that reliable exploitation requires specific memory allocation failure conditions rather than straightforward request-and-crash triggering.

Traefik before 2.10.5 and 3.0.0-beta4 is affected by a denial-of-service vulnerability in HTTP/2 request handling inherited from the Go standard library's HTTP/2 implementation (CVE-2023-44487 /. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability could allow attackers to cause denial of service by exhausting system resources.

OpenSSH's GSSAPI authentication cleanup routine contains a heap out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) triggered when the auth-indicators array lacks a trailing NULL terminator, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to crash the SSH authentication path and deny SSH service availability. Exploitation is constrained by high attack complexity (AC:H) due to the non-default Kerberos/GSSAPI configuration requirement, limiting real-world exposure to a minority of deployments. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV), no public exploit code has been identified, and the impact is restricted to partial availability loss with no confidentiality or integrity consequence.

Client-side Denial of Service in OpenSSH's Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange implementation allows a malicious SSH server to crash connecting clients running in FIPS mode. When a victim initiates an SSH connection to an attacker-controlled server, the server sends crafted DH-GEX group parameters that trigger a double free (CWE-415) during FIPS known-group validation, terminating the client process. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; however, the constraint that only FIPS-mode clients are affected limits real-world impact to regulated or government environments.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso OpenSource v7.2.11 allows remote attackers to crash the database server by submitting specially crafted SQL statements that trigger a flaw in the sqlo_untry query-optimization component. The CVSS 7.5 score reflects unauthenticated network exploitability with high availability impact, but no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is currently tracked only as an upstream GitHub issue without a released fix.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso OpenSource v7.2.11 allows remote attackers to crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that trigger a fault in the sqlo_try_in_loop SQL optimizer component. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though SSVC indicates a proof-of-concept exists in the referenced GitHub issue. The flaw is tagged as SQLi-class (CWE-89) but the demonstrated impact is availability-only, with no confidentiality or integrity loss per the CVSS vector.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso (open-source edition) v7.2.11 allows attackers to crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that mishandle the internal st_compare comparison routine. The flaw affects availability only (CVSS A:H, no confidentiality or integrity impact) and carries a 7.5 base score; EPSS is low (0.15%, 5th percentile) with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing. Despite the CWE-89 (SQL Injection) classification, the reported effect is a service crash rather than data manipulation or extraction.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso OpenSource v7.2.11 allows remote attackers to crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that trigger a fault in the sslr_qst_get component. The flaw is classified under CWE-89 (SQL injection class) but the documented impact is availability-only with no confidentiality or integrity loss per the CVSS vector. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is tracked only via an upstream GitHub issue (#1229) rather than a tagged fixed release.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso Open Source Edition v7.2.11 allows remote attackers to crash the database engine by submitting crafted SQL statements that mishandle column predicate processing inside the sqlo_tb_col_preds query optimizer component. CVSS 7.5 reflects high availability impact with no authentication required, though no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is tracked only as an upstream GitHub bug report.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso Open Source Edition 7.2.11 lets attackers crash the database engine by submitting crafted SQL statements that mishandle the internal t_set_push routine. The flaw carries availability-only impact (CVSS 7.5, A:H) with no confidentiality or integrity loss. EPSS is low (0.15%, 4th percentile), there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV - so risk is theoretical rather than actively exploited.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso OpenSource v7.2.11 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that trigger a fault in the sqlo_strip_in_join query-optimization component. The CVSS 3.1 score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) reflects network-reachable, no-auth exploitation with high availability impact and no confidentiality or integrity loss. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso Open Source Edition 7.2.11 lets attackers crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that trigger a fault in the sqlo_natural_join_cond query-optimizer component. The flaw carries no confidentiality or integrity impact but fully degrades availability (CVSS 7.5, A:H). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low (0.15%), indicating limited near-term exploitation likelihood; only a GitHub issue documenting the defect is published.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso Open Source Edition 7.2.11 lets attackers crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that reach the time_t_to_dt date/time conversion routine. The defect is availability-only (no data exposure or integrity loss) and is tracked publicly via GitHub issue #1233; it carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 but a low EPSS of 0.15% (4th percentile), and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation.

NULL pointer dereference in GPAC MP4Box v2.4 crashes the process when parsing a specially crafted MP4 file, enabling a denial-of-service condition against any user or pipeline invoking the tool. The root cause in `gf_isom_add_track_kind()` is an unchecked pass of a NULL `schemeURI` argument to `gf_strdup()`, confirmed by the upstream commit diff. A proof-of-concept MP4 file is publicly available; EPSS at 0.33% and absence from CISA KEV indicate low widespread exploitation probability despite the public PoC.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso Open Source Edition v7.2.11 lets remote attackers crash or hang the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that mishandle derived-table set placement in the sqlo_place_dt_set query-optimizer routine. The flaw carries no confidentiality or integrity impact - only availability (CVSS 7.5, A:H) - and is tracked under CWE-89 although the observed outcome is a crash rather than data exfiltration. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low (0.35%, 27th percentile) and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none.

Denial of service in OpenLink Virtuoso Open-Source Edition 7.2.11 lets attackers crash the database server by submitting crafted SQL statements that mishandle the sqlo_key_part_best query-optimizer routine. The flaw carries no confidentiality or integrity impact (availability-only, CVSS 7.5) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low at 0.15% (4th percentile), and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The only public reference is the upstream GitHub issue (#1222) tracking the crash.

Denial of service in Zephyr RTOS Bluetooth Classic SDP parser allows adjacent Bluetooth attackers to crash devices via a malformed 3-byte SDP attribute that triggers a reachable kernel assertion. The flaw resides in bt_sdp_parse_attribute() in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/sdp.c, where the parser pulls a value-type byte without first verifying buffer length, causing a kernel panic in assert-enabled builds and an out-of-bounds read with undefined behavior when assertions are disabled. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the GHSA advisory describes the trigger conditions in enough detail to reproduce.

Out-of-bounds read and denial-of-service in Zephyr RTOS's ext2 filesystem parser expose embedded devices to filesystem-level attacks via maliciously crafted disk images. The flaw resides in ext2_fetch_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.c), where insufficient validation of on-disk directory entry fields - specifically de_rec_len and de_name_len against block boundaries - allows a crafted ext2 image to trigger an oversized memcpy (out-of-bounds read) or a zero-progress infinite loop when de_rec_len equals zero. All Zephyr versions are indicated as affected per the wildcard CPE, no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE is not currently listed in CISA KEV.

Unchecked large-array allocation in MessagePack for C# exposes any .NET application deserializing untrusted MessagePack extension payloads to a denial-of-service condition. The UnsafeBlitFormatterBase<T>.Deserialize method trusts an attacker-supplied byteLength field from the inner extension payload and allocates a T[] array of that size before comparing it against the outer extension header length or remaining input bytes, meaning a few-byte payload can trigger gigabyte-scale allocations. No active exploitation has been confirmed (no CISA KEV listing, no public exploit identified at time of analysis), but the attack requires no authentication and no user interaction, lowering the bar for any attacker with network access to an exposed endpoint.

Heap exhaustion via crafted multi-dimensional array payloads in MessagePack-CSharp affects all v2.x releases before 2.5.301 and all v3.x releases before 3.1.7, enabling remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger disproportionately large heap allocations with minimal payload bytes. The multi-dimensional array formatters (T[,], T[,,], T[,,,]) allocate based on attacker-supplied dimension values before cross-validating against the encoded element count, so a payload declaring a 10000×10000 array with only a handful of elements forces a massive allocation before any guard fires. No public exploit or active exploitation has been confirmed; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.3 reflects high attack complexity and a specific prerequisite condition (AT:P), constraining realistic risk to services that deserialize untrusted MessagePack containing multi-dimensional array types.

CPU denial of service in MessagePack for C# affects applications deserializing ILookup<TKey,TElement> types from untrusted input, exploitable even when the application has explicitly configured MessagePack's untrusted-data security posture. The InterfaceLookupFormatter constructs its internal dictionary with the default equality comparer rather than the security-aware, randomization-backed comparer provided by options.Security.GetEqualityComparer<TKey>(), silently bypassing the protection the developer believed was active. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 4.0 AC:H/AT:P rating reflects that exploitation requires crafting keys with deliberate hash collisions.

Unenforced resource limits on the POST /app/demo endpoint in Capgo before 12.128.2 allow any authenticated user holding org write permissions to create unlimited demo applications, each triggering approximately 138 database write operations. Sustained abuse degrades platform performance, inflates infrastructure costs, and can cause service instability for all tenants sharing the backend. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, but the low exploitation complexity for any org-level member makes compromised-account or insider-threat scenarios operationally realistic.

Denial of service in Inspektor Gadget's USDT note parser (pkg/uprobetracer/usdt.go) allows an unprivileged container process to crash or OOM-kill the privileged IG host process by placing a crafted ELF binary at a path targeted by a custom USDT gadget. Two distinct attack vectors exist: a panic from out-of-bounds slice access when DescSize is artificially small, and unbounded memory allocation (~4 GiB) when NameSize or DescSize is set to 0xFFFFFFFF. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; critically, no gadget shipped by the Inspektor Gadget project uses USDT probes, so only deployments running operator-developed custom USDT gadgets are exposed.

Infinite loop denial-of-service in pypdf prior to 6.13.1 allows an attacker to hang any process that merges a crafted PDF containing cyclic article/thread structures. The vulnerability exists in the `_add_articles_thread()` method of `_writer.py`, which traversed PDF article bead linked-list structures without cycle detection, permitting a self-referential `/N` (Next) pointer chain to create an irrecoverable loop. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the upstream PR diff publicly discloses the precise triggering structure, lowering the bar for exploitation against vulnerable merge pipelines.

Denial of service in Gogs repository and wiki web interfaces allows any authenticated user with write access to permanently break file listing pages by committing a file whose name contains incomplete git pathspec metacharacters. Affected versions are Gogs <= 0.14.2; the web UI for the targeted repository or wiki returns HTTP 500 on every subsequent page load until an administrator removes the malicious file via CLI. Publicly available exploit code exists as documented in the GHSA-3qq3-668m-v9mj advisory with a specific PoC payload; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV).

### Summary The regex validation used to prevent Introspection queries can be bypassed by removing the extra whitespace, carriage return, and line feed characters from the query. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

Heap-based buffer overflow in dnsmasq's DNSSEC logging path enables remote denial of service against instances where both DNSSEC validation and query logging are simultaneously enabled. When dnsmasq receives a DS or DNSKEY DNS response containing an algorithm or digest type it does not recognize, its logging routine writes past the end of an internal heap-allocated buffer, corrupting memory and crashing the process. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; however, the network-deliverable attack vector (PR:N) makes the configuration prerequisite the primary limiting factor for defenders.

IBM Db2 on Cloud Pak for Data and Db2 Warehouse on Cloud Pak for Data versions 4.8,5.0,5.1,5.2,5.3 could allow an authenticated user to cause a denial of service when creating new databases due to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Allocation of Resources Without Limits vulnerability could allow attackers to exhaust system resources through uncontrolled allocation.

Heap out-of-bounds read in ImageMagick's PCD image decoder (versions prior to 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40) allows unauthenticated network-reachable attackers to cause denial of service and disclose a single adjacent heap byte by supplying a crafted PCD file to an image-processing endpoint. The vulnerability is rooted in the PCD coder's DecodeImage loop and requires high attack complexity (AC:H) with specific attack prerequisites (AT:P), meaning the target application must actively process attacker-supplied PCD files. No public exploit code has been identified and this vulnerability does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, though .NET bindings via Magick.NET NuGet packages are also affected and carry a separate fix version.

Authentication bypass in Capgo's /build/upload/:jobId/* endpoint exposes all versions before 12.128.2 to unauthenticated denial of service. Remote attackers exploit HTTP OPTIONS request handling to sidestep authentication middleware entirely, forcing tusProxy to execute with invalid credentials and reliably producing HTTP 500 errors at scale. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the trivial attack mechanics - requiring no credentials, tools, or interaction - mean any internet-exposed Capgo instance is at risk of request flooding.

Unauthenticated PGP decryption exposure in AVideo through version 25.0 allows any remote attacker to submit private key material, ciphertext, and passphrases to the publicly accessible decryptMessage.json.php endpoint and receive plaintext in the server response - no credentials, session, or token required. The dual impact is confidentiality loss (private key material processed in server memory may be captured in application or web server logs) and availability degradation via unconstrained CPU consumption from repeated cryptographic operations. A publicly available proof-of-concept exists per the GHSA advisory; no vendor patch has been released as of this analysis.

Regular expression denial of service in vLLM versions 0.6.3 through 0.8.x exposes three distinct attack surfaces - the LoRA utility module, the phi4mini tool parser, and the OpenAI-compatible chat endpoint - to catastrophic regex backtracking, causing severe CPU exhaustion and service-wide denial of service. Authenticated API consumers can submit crafted inputs with deeply nested or repeated structures (e.g., `((((a|)+)+)+)`) to trigger unbounded processing in Python's backtracking NFA regex engine. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the GHSA advisory discloses the exact vulnerable patterns and example malicious inputs, substantially lowering the reproduction barrier for anyone with API access.

Unsafe pickle deserialization in picklescan before 1.0.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to create arbitrary zero-byte files on the server by crafting malicious pickle payloads that instantiate Python's standard-library logging.FileHandler class. This technique bypasses RCE-focused blocklists because it abuses legitimate standard library functionality rather than commonly blocked modules, making it a notable blocklist-evasion primitive. A publicly available proof-of-concept exploit exists; no public exploit identified at time of analysis for active KEV-confirmed exploitation, but the PoC demonstrates concrete filesystem impact including lock-file-based denial of service.

Capgo's password policy configuration in versions before 12.128.2 can be exploited by an authenticated organization administrator to trigger an organization-wide account lockout by setting an arbitrarily large minimum password length - such as billions of characters - with no server-side upper-bound enforcement. Once the malicious policy is enabled, every organization member including other administrators is prevented from setting a compliant password, permanently blocking access to the organization and constituting an application-level denial of service. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, placing this in the insider-threat and compromised-admin-credential risk category.

Flowise before 2.1.4 allows configuration to be injected into the Chainflow during execution via the overrideConfig option, supported in both the frontend web integration and the backend Prediction. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Code Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application.

OpenBao's transit secrets engine crashes the entire server process when an authenticated caller submits a key-creation request combining an asymmetric key type (rsa-*, ecdsa-*, ed25519) with the derived: true parameter. Affected versions confirmed as 2.5.2 and 2.5.4, with earlier versions also likely vulnerable per the GHSA advisory. The server returns no HTTP response, terminates with exit code 2, and the crash propagates to the entire cluster - making this a high-impact availability denial-of-service requiring only a single authenticated API request. Publicly available exploit code exists in the form of a detailed PoC curl command included in the security advisory; no CISA KEV listing is present at time of analysis.

Capgo's Enforce Password Policy feature in versions before 12.128.2 permanently locks Super Admins out of their organization through a backend state management flaw, constituting a targeted denial-of-service against administrative access. When a Super Admin enables the password policy and successfully changes their password to a policy-compliant value, the backend fails to mark the account compliant, trapping the account in an infinite forced-password-reset loop and severing all organization management access. No public exploit code has been identified and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 reflects the high-privilege prerequisite and pure availability impact with no confidentiality or integrity consequence.

The Kubernetes Ingress NGINX provider in Traefik v3.7.0-ea.1 through v3.7.4 fails open when BasicAuth or DigestAuth cannot be installed because the referenced auth-secret is unresolvable, silently publishing the intended-to-be-protected backend route without any authentication middleware to unauthenticated network clients. Operators who explicitly configure auth via nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type and auth-secret annotations are left with a live, fully accessible backend route while Traefik logs a single controller-level error and routes traffic normally - a direct violation of the declared security intent. A detailed proof-of-concept covering eight distinct secret-failure scenarios was developed by the reporter and confirmed on both current master and v3.7.1; no public release of exploit code is confirmed and no CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Write-lock mutual exclusion in concurrent-ruby's ReadWriteLock is broken in versions prior to 1.3.7, allowing any thread with a reference to the lock object to prematurely release another thread's active write lock, enabling concurrent writers and data races on protected shared state. Additionally, calling release_read_lock without holding a read lock corrupts the internal atomic counter from 0 to -1, causing all subsequent read acquisitions to fail with Concurrent::ResourceLimitError. Both defects are confirmed reproducible via publicly available proof-of-concept code in the GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-6wx8-w4f5-wwcr; no CISA KEV listing exists, and exploitation is constrained to in-process thread scenarios.

Heap corruption in the Ruby Oj JSON parser (`Oj.load`) is triggered when applications process attacker-controlled JSON strings larger than 2 GB containing an escape sequence, due to an integer overflow in `read_escaped_str` that wraps a 32-bit length to a negative value and is then cast to `size_t`, causing `memcpy` to copy ~2 GB out of bounds. Versions of the `oj` gem prior to 3.17.3 are affected, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis; CVSS and EPSS are not provided.

Use-after-free in the Oj Ruby JSON gem's SAJ parser allows an attacker who can influence parsed JSON content and the SAJ callback handler to crash the Ruby process and potentially corrupt memory. Oj::Parser fails to protect heap-allocated cached object keys of 35 bytes or more from garbage collection, so a GC cycle triggered from inside a hash_end callback frees the key while C code still holds a dangling VALUE pointer. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but a working reproducer is published in the GHSA advisory.

Use-after-free in the Oj Ruby JSON gem (≤ 3.17.1) crashes the host process when Oj::Parser is configured in :usual mode with a custom array_class or hash_class. Because parser_mark fails to register those VALUEs with the Ruby GC, the class object can be reclaimed and the next parse() dereferences freed memory, producing a segfault. A reproducer is published in the GHSA advisory; there is no public exploit identified for remote use and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.