Denial of Service
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
How It Works
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions. Attackers exploit asymmetry: minimal attacker effort produces disproportionate resource consumption on the target. Application-level attacks use specially crafted inputs that trigger expensive operations—a regex engine processing malicious patterns can backtrack exponentially, or XML parsers recursively expand entities until memory exhausts. Network-level attacks flood targets with connection requests or amplify traffic through reflection, but application vulnerabilities often provide the most efficient attack surface.
The attack typically begins with reconnaissance to identify resource-intensive operations or unprotected endpoints. For algorithmic complexity attacks, adversaries craft inputs hitting worst-case performance—hash collision inputs filling hash tables with collisions, deeply nested JSON triggering recursive parsing, or pathological regex patterns like (a+)+b against strings of repeated 'a' characters. Resource exhaustion attacks open thousands of connections, upload massive files to unbounded storage, or trigger memory leaks through repeated operations. Crash-based attacks target error handling gaps: null pointer dereferences, unhandled exceptions in parsers, or assertion failures that terminate processes.
Impact
- Service unavailability preventing legitimate users from accessing applications during attack duration
- Revenue loss from downtime in e-commerce, SaaS platforms, or transaction processing systems
- Cascading failures as resource exhaustion spreads to dependent services or database connections pool out
- SLA violations triggering financial penalties and damaging customer trust
- Security team distraction providing cover for data exfiltration or intrusion attempts running concurrently
Real-World Examples
CVE-2018-1000544 in Ruby's WEBrick server allowed ReDoS through malicious HTTP headers containing specially crafted patterns that caused the regex engine to backtrack exponentially, freezing request processing threads. A single attacker could saturate all available workers.
Cloudflare experienced a global outage in 2019 when a single WAF rule containing an unoptimized regex hit pathological cases on legitimate traffic spikes. The .*(?:.*=.*)* pattern exhibited catastrophic backtracking, consuming CPU cycles across their edge network until the rule was disabled.
CVE-2013-1664 demonstrated XML bomb vulnerabilities in Python's XML libraries. Attackers uploaded XML documents with nested entity definitions-each entity expanding to ten copies of the previous level. A 1KB upload could expand to gigabytes in memory during parsing, crashing applications instantly.
Mitigation
- Strict input validation enforcing size limits, complexity bounds, and nesting depth restrictions before processing
- Request rate limiting per IP address, API key, or user session with exponential backoff
- Timeout enforcement terminating operations exceeding reasonable execution windows (typically 1-5 seconds)
- Resource quotas limiting memory allocation, CPU time, and connection counts per request or tenant
- Regex complexity analysis using linear-time algorithms or sanitizing patterns to eliminate backtracking
- Circuit breakers automatically rejecting requests when error rates or latency thresholds indicate degradation
- Load balancing and autoscaling distributing traffic across instances with automatic capacity expansion
Recent CVEs (40044)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mt76: mt7921: fix kernel crash at mt7921_pci_remove The crash log shown it is possible that mt7921_irq_handler is called while. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: phy: micrel: Allow probing without .driver_data Currently, if the .probe element is present in the phy_driver structure and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thermal/drivers/broadcom: Fix potential NULL dereference in sr_thermal_probe platform_get_resource() may return NULL, add proper. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: soc: ti: ti_sci_pm_domains: Check for null return of devm_kcalloc The allocation funciton devm_kcalloc may fail and return a null. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix listen() setting the bar too high for the prealloc rings AF_RXRPC's listen() handler lets you set the backlog up to 32. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pinctrl: renesas: rzn1: Fix possible null-ptr-deref in sh_pfc_map_resources() It will cause null-ptr-deref when using 'res', if. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: soc: bcm: Check for NULL return of devm_kzalloc() As the potential failure of allocation, devm_kzalloc() may return NULL. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pinctrl: renesas: core: Fix possible null-ptr-deref in sh_pfc_map_resources() It will cause null-ptr-deref when using 'res', if. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mfd: davinci_voicecodec: Fix possible null-ptr-deref davinci_vc_probe() It will cause null-ptr-deref when using 'res', if. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/hfi1: Prevent panic when SDMA is disabled If the hfi1 module is loaded with HFI1_CAP_SDMA off, a call to hfi1_write_iter(). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to do sanity check on inline_dots inode As Wenqing reported in bugzilla:. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix dereference of stale list iterator after loop body The list iterator variable will be a bogus pointer if no break was. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/mediatek: Fix NULL pointer dereference when printing dev_name When larbdev is NULL (in the case I hit, the node is. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rtla: Avoid record NULL pointer dereference Fix the following null/deref_null.cocci errors:. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSv4: Fix free of uninitialized nfs4_label on referral lookup. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use of Uninitialized Resource vulnerability could allow attackers to access uninitialized memory causing crashes or information disclosure.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iwlwifi: mei: fix potential NULL-ptr deref If SKB allocation fails, continue rather than using the NULL pointer. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bfq: Make sure bfqg for which we are queueing requests is online Bios queued into BFQ IO scheduler can be associated with a cgroup. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md: Don't set mddev private to NULL in raid0 pers->free In normal stop process, it does like this: do_md_stop | __md_stop. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: misc: fastrpc: fix list iterator in fastrpc_req_mem_unmap_impl This is another instance of incorrect use of list iterator and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: serial: 8250_aspeed_vuart: Fix potential NULL dereference in aspeed_vuart_probe platform_get_resource() may fail and return NULL,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: sd: Fix potential NULL pointer dereference If sd_probe() sees an early error before sdkp->device is initialized,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rtc: mt6397: check return value after calling platform_get_resource() It will cause null-ptr-deref if platform_get_resource(). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: efi: Do not import certificates from UEFI Secure Boot for T2 Macs On Apple T2 Macs, when Linux attempts to read the db and dbx efi. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/papr_scm: don't requests stats with '0' sized stats buffer Sachin reported [1] that on a POWER-10 lpar he is seeing a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdgpu/cs: make commands with 0 chunks illegal behaviour. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: lpfc: Address NULL pointer dereference after starget_to_rport() Calls to starget_to_rport() may return NULL. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vduse: Fix NULL pointer dereference on sysfs access The control device has no drvdata. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rtl818x: Prevent using not initialized queues Using not existing queues can panic the kernel with rtl8180/rtl8185 cards. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use of Uninitialized Resource vulnerability could allow attackers to access uninitialized memory causing crashes or information disclosure.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/arm-smmu: fix possible null-ptr-deref in arm_smmu_device_probe() It will cause null-ptr-deref when using 'res', if. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xprtrdma: treat all calls not a bcall when bc_serv is NULL When a rdma server returns a fault format reply, nfs v3 client may. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/arm-smmu-v3: check return value after calling platform_get_resource() It will cause null-ptr-deref if platform_get_resource(). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: avoid infinite loop to flush node pages xfstests/generic/475 can give EIO all the time which give an infinite loop to flush. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tty: synclink_gt: Fix null-pointer-dereference in slgt_clean() When the driver fails at alloc_hdlcdev(), and then we remove the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: USB: host: isp116x: check return value after calling platform_get_resource() It will cause null-ptr-deref if. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nbd: fix race between nbd_alloc_config() and module removal When nbd module is being removing, nbd_alloc_config() may be called. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nbd: call genl_unregister_family() first in nbd_cleanup() Otherwise there may be race between module removal and the handling of. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tpm: use try_get_ops() in tpm-space.c As part of the series conversion to remove nested TPM operations:. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iio: accel: mma8452: use the correct logic to get mma8452_data The original logic to get mma8452_data is wrong, the *dev point to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: quota: fix loop condition at f2fs_quota_sync() cnt should be passed to sb_has_quota_active() instead of type to check active. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: jffs2: fix memory leak in jffs2_scan_medium If an error is returned in jffs2_scan_eraseblock() and some memory has been added to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: m_can: m_can_tx_handler(): fix use after free of skb can_put_echo_skb() will clone skb then free the skb. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: fix crash when mount with quota enabled There is a reported crash when mounting ocfs2 with quota enabled. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use of Uninitialized Resource vulnerability could allow attackers to access uninitialized memory causing crashes or information disclosure.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rtc: pl031: fix rtc features null pointer dereference When there is no interrupt line, rtc alarm feature is disabled. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cifs: prevent bad output lengths in smb2_ioctl_query_info() When calling smb2_ioctl_query_info() with. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: SOF: Intel: Fix NULL ptr dereference when ENOMEM Do not call snd_dma_free_pages() when snd_dma_alloc_pages() returns -ENOMEM. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: exec: Force single empty string when argv is empty Quoting[1] Ariadne Conill: "In several other operating systems, it is a hard. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: octeontx2 - remove CONFIG_DM_CRYPT check No issues were found while using the driver with dm-crypt enabled. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: ccree - Fix use after free in cc_cipher_exit() kfree_sensitive(ctx_p->user.key) will free the ctx_p->user.key. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: watch_queue: Fix NULL dereference in error cleanup In watch_queue_set_size(), the error cleanup code doesn't take account of the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: ti-vpe: cal: Fix a NULL pointer dereference in cal_ctx_v4l2_init_formats() In cal_ctx_v4l2_init_formats(), devm_kzalloc() is. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel ath11k Wi-Fi driver exposes systems with Qualcomm QCA6390 or WCN6855 chipsets to kernel memory corruption when a wireless station disconnects from an AP. A prior fix commit (b4a0f54156ac) intended to prevent firmware crashes inadvertently bypassed all peer delete cleanup, leaving peer->sta as a dangling pointer subsequently dereferenced by ath11k_dp_rx_update_peer_stats during monitoring ring timer processing - confirmed by KASAN in kernel 5.15. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV), with EPSS at just 0.05% (14th percentile), but the kernel-level UAF class can escalate from denial-of-service to privilege escalation in skilled hands.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Fix a NULL pointer dereference in amdgpu_dm_connector_add_common_modes() In. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix a btf decl_tag bug when tagging a function syzbot reported a btf decl_tag bug with stack trace below: general protection. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm/dp: populate connector of struct dp_panel DP CTS test case 4.2.2.6 has valid edid with bad checksum on purpose and expect. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: pm8001: Fix abort all task initialization In pm80xx_send_abort_all(), the n_elem field of the ccb used is not initialized to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xsk: Fix race at socket teardown Fix a race in the xsk socket teardown code that can lead to a NULL pointer dereference splat. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/64s: Don't use DSISR for SLB faults Since commit 46ddcb3950a2 ("powerpc/mm: Show if a bad page fault on data is read or. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Fix double free during GPU reset on DC streams [Why] The issue only occurs during the GPU reset code path. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_uart: add missing NULL check in h5_enqueue Syzbot hit general protection fault in __pm_runtime_resume(). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ibmvnic: fix race between xmit and reset There is a race between reset and the transmit paths that can lead to ibmvnic_xmit(). Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mptcp: Fix crash due to tcp_tsorted_anchor was initialized before release skb Got crash when doing pressure test of mptcp:. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/pseries: Fix use after free in remove_phb_dynamic() In remove_phb_dynamic() we use &phb->io_resource, after we've called. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: dsa: fix panic on shutdown if multi-chip tree failed to probe DSA probing is atypical because a tree of devices must probe all. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: Fix clk_hw_get_clk() when dev is NULL Any registered clk_core structure can have a NULL pointer in its dev field. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: sparx5: switchdev: fix possible NULL pointer dereference As the possible failure of the allocation, devm_kzalloc() may return. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: hns3: add vlan list lock to protect vlan list When adding port base VLAN, vf VLAN need to remove from HW and modify the vlan. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hwrng: cavium - fix NULL but dereferenced coccicheck error Fix following coccicheck warning:. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: don't BUG if someone dirty pages without asking ext4 first [un]pin_user_pages_remote is dirtying pages without properly. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to do sanity check on curseg->alloc_type As Wenqing Liu reported in bugzilla:. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: do not clean up repair bio if submit fails The submit helper will always run bio_endio() on the bio if it fails to submit,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: imx-jpeg: Prevent decoding NV12M jpegs into single-planar buffers If the application queues an NV12M jpeg as output buffer,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: video: fbdev: sm712fb: Fix crash in smtcfb_write() When the sm712fb driver writes three bytes to the framebuffer, the driver will. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Fix crash during module load unload test During purex packet handling the driver was incorrectly freeing a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Implement ref count for SRB The timeout handler and the done function are racing. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: qla2xxx: Fix scheduling while atomic The driver makes a call into midlayer (fc_remote_port_delete) which can put the thread. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: SVM: fix panic on out-of-bounds guest IRQ As guest_irq is coming from KVM_IRQFD API call, it may trigger crash in. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: XArray: Fix xas_create_range() when multi-order entry present If there is already an entry present that is of order >=. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: preserve skb_end_offset() in skb_unclone_keeptruesize() syzbot found another way to trigger the infamous WARN_ON_ONCE(delta <. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: dsa: felix: fix possible NULL pointer dereference As the possible failure of the allocation, kzalloc() may return NULL. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: fix null ptr deref on hci_sync_conn_complete_evt This event is just specified for SCO and eSCO link types. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_event: Ignore multiple conn complete events When one of the three connection complete events is received multiple. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mlxsw: spectrum: Guard against invalid local ports When processing events generated by the device's firmware, the driver protects. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ath11k: pci: fix crash on suspend if board file is not found Mario reported that the kernel was crashing on suspend if ath11k was. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use of Uninitialized Resource vulnerability could allow attackers to access uninitialized memory causing crashes or information disclosure.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ath11k: mhi: use mhi_sync_power_up() If amss.bin was missing ath11k would crash during 'rmmod ath11k_pci'. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mt76: mt7921: fix crash when startup fails. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/sprd: fix potential NULL dereference 'drm' could be null in sprd_drm_shutdown, and drm_warn maybe dereference it, remove this. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mce: Work around an erratum on fast string copy instructions A rare kernel panic scenario can happen when the following. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's libfc Fibre Channel library within fc_exch_abts_resp() exposes systems on SAN fabrics to kernel memory corruption from unauthenticated adjacent-network attackers. The flaw arises because fc_exch_release(ep) can free the exchange object when its reference count reaches zero, yet subsequent code continues dereferencing ep - a classic CWE-416 pattern with C:H/I:H/A:H potential impact. Despite the CVSS 8.8 score, no public exploit code has been identified and the EPSS of 0.07% (20th percentile) reflects the niche Fibre Channel deployment context and the practical difficulty of reliable kernel UAF exploitation.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mt76: fix monitor mode crash with sdio driver mt7921s driver may receive frames with fragment buffers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Use-after-free memory corruption in the Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem's hci_send_acl function allows an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to corrupt kernel heap memory by triggering a specific Bluetooth PHY link disconnect sequence. The flaw occurs because HCI_EV_DISCONN_PHY_LINK_COMPLETE causes hci_conn_del to be invoked without first verifying conn->type is AMP_LINK, bypassing the hci_disconn_cfm upper-layer cleanup; the freed hci_chan object is then accessed by a userspace Bluetooth daemon via hci_send_acl, producing a confirmed KASAN use-after-free at offset +24 in a freed kmalloc-128 region. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS at 0.04% (12th percentile) indicates no observed widespread exploitation, though the zero-authentication adjacent-network attack surface is meaningful in Bluetooth-enabled environments.