Buffer Overflow

Arbitrary code execution in Adobe InDesign Desktop versions through 21.2 allows unauthenticated attackers to execute malicious code with full user privileges by exploiting an out-of-bounds write vulnerability via a specially crafted InDesign file. Attack requires local access and user interaction to open the malicious document. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though CVSS 7.8 reflects high impact if successfully exploited. Adobe has released security bulletin APSB26-32 addressing this memory corruption flaw.

Remote code execution in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer Cloud and FortiManager Cloud versions 7.6.2 through 7.6.4 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted network requests exploiting a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). Attack complexity is rated high due to ASLR and network segmentation defenses requiring significant exploitation preparation. CVSS score of 8.1 reflects the critical impact despite defensive barriers. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability's disclosure by Fortinet suggests patch availability through their security advisory FG-IR-26-121.

Memory corruption in Python's asyncio introspection and profiling.sampling modules (3.14-3.15) allows a local attacker with high privileges to read and write arbitrary memory in a connected privileged Python process via remote debugging. Exploitation requires persistent, repeated connections and high tolerance for crashes due to ASLR; no public exploit code has been identified. SSVC framework rates technical impact as total, but exploitation remains none-indicating low real-world priority despite severe capability impact.

Algorithmic complexity attack in jq JSON processor allows remote denial of service via hash collision exploitation. An attacker can craft a ~100KB JSON object with precomputed colliding keys that degrade hash table performance from O(1) to O(n²), causing severe CPU exhaustion in unauthenticated network contexts including CI/CD pipelines and web services. The vulnerability stems from a hardcoded MurmurHash3 seed (0x432A9843) that enables offline collision calculation. Fixed in commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784. CVSS 7.5 (High severity, network-exploitable, no authentication required). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but attack technique is well-documented and feasible.

jq is a command-line JSON processor. In commits before 2f09060afab23fe9390cce7cb860b10416e1bf5f, the jv_parse_sized() API in libjq accepts a counted buffer with an explicit length parameter, but its error-handling path formats the input buffer using %s in jv_string_fmt(), which reads until a NUL terminator is found rather than respecting the caller-supplied length. This means that when malformed JSON is passed in a non-NUL-terminated buffer, the error construction logic performs an out-of-bounds read past the end of the buffer. The vulnerability is reachable by any libjq consumer calling jv_parse_sized() with untrusted input, and depending on memory layout, can result in memory disclosure or process termination. The issue has been patched in commit 2f09060afab23fe9390cce7cb860b10416e1bf5f.

jq is a command-line JSON processor. In commits after 69785bf77f86e2ea1b4a20ca86775916889e91c9, the _strindices builtin in jq's src/builtin.c passes its arguments directly to jv_string_indexes() without verifying they are strings, and jv_string_indexes() in src/jv.c relies solely on assert() checks that are stripped in release builds compiled with -DNDEBUG. This allows an attacker to crash jq trivially with input like _strindices(0), and by crafting a numeric value whose IEEE-754 bit pattern maps to a chosen pointer, achieve a controlled pointer dereference and limited memory read/probe primitive. Any deployment that evaluates untrusted jq filters against a release build is vulnerable. This issue has been patched in commit fdf8ef0f0810e3d365cdd5160de43db46f57ed03.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, contain a heap out-of-bounds write in the JP2 encoder with when a user specifies an invalid sampling index. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below 7.1.2-19, the JXL encoder has an heap write overflow when a user specifies that the image should be encoded as 16 bit floats. This issue has been fixed in version 7.1.2-19.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below 7.1.2-19, a crafted image could result in an out of bounds heap write when writing a yaml or json output, resulting in a crash. This issue has been fixed in version 7.1.2-19.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, the -sample operation has an out of bounds read when an specific offset is set through the `sample:offset` define that could lead to an out of bounds read. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

Heap buffer overflow in ImageMagick's MVG decoder enables network-based denial of service through crafted image files. Affects all ImageMagick versions prior to 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19. CVSS 7.5 (HIGH) with remote unauthenticated exploitation (AV:N/PR:N), but EPSS score of 0.04% (11th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation probability. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), no public POC identified. Vendor-released patches available in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19, with upstream fix committed at 4c72003e9e54.

When `Magick` parses an XML file it is possible that a single zero byte is written out of the bounds.

An integer overflow in the despeckle operation causes a heap buffer overflow on 32-bit builds that will result in an out of bounds write. ``` ==1551685==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0xea2fb818 at pc 0x56cbc42a bp 0xffc4ce48 sp 0xffc4ce38 WRITE of size 8 at 0xea2fb818 thread T0 ```

Nimiq core-rs-albatross validators prior to version 1.3.0 can be remotely crashed via malformed Tendermint proposals. An unauthenticated network attacker exploits an off-by-one bounds check error (using > instead of >=) to trigger an out-of-bounds index panic before signature verification occurs. With CVSS 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and EPSS 0.04%, this represents a straightforward denial-of-service vector against Proof-of-Stake validators in the Nimiq blockchain network, though no public exploit

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F456 1.0.0.5 router's formwebtypelibrary function allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability resides in /goform/webtypelibrary endpoint via manipulation of the 'menufacturer' or 'Go' parameters. Public exploit code exists on GitHub (EPSS 0.05%, 14th percentile), indicating low likelihood of mass exploitation but confirmed weaponization capability. No vendor patch identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F456 router firmware 1.0.0.5 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete device compromise via crafted input to the 'page' parameter in the fromqossetting QoS configuration handler. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC), CVSS 7.4 (High), EPSS 0.05% (low exploitation probability). Not actively exploited per CISA KEV. This is a classic IoT router vulnerability affecting the web management interface at /goform/qossetting, requiring valid authentication credentials but enabling full device takeover once authenticated.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F456 router firmware v1.0.0.5 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution with high integrity and availability impact via crafted 'page' parameter to the /goform/NatStaticSetting endpoint's fromNatStaticSetting function. Public exploit code exists (EPSS 0.05%, 14th percentile), indicating low observed exploitation probability despite proof-of-concept availability. No active exploitation confirmed via CISA KEV at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F456 router firmware version 1.0.0.5 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise via crafted input to the wireless security settings handler. Public exploit code is available, but EPSS exploitation probability remains very low (0.05%, 14th percentile), and no active exploitation has been reported. The vulnerability requires authenticated access to the router's administrative interface, limiting opportunistic exploitation.

Heap buffer overflow in jq command-line JSON processor (all versions through 1.8.1) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash processes or potentially achieve code execution via crafted queries producing strings exceeding 2^31 bytes. Integer overflow in jvp_string_append() and jvp_string_copy_replace_bad() functions causes undersized buffer allocation followed by heap corruption. Publicly available exploit code exists (SSVC: POC). EPSS score of 0.04% (12th percentile) suggests low observe

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F456 router firmware 1.0.0.5 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the /goform/exeCommand endpoint. The vulnerability has a publicly available proof-of-concept exploit and affects the fromexeCommand function through manipulation of the cmdinput parameter. EPSS probability is low (0.05%, 14th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation activity despite POC availability. Not listed in CISA KEV, confirming no widespread active exploitation detected.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Totolink A3002MU router firmware B20211125.1046 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted 'wan-url' parameter in /boafrm/formWlanSetup endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists (PoC on GitHub). EPSS score of 0.08% (23rd percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite public exploit, likely due to authentication requirement (PR:L) and narrow attack surface of legacy consumer router product.

Integer overflow in OpenJPEG's opj_pi_initialise_encode function (versions 2.5.0-2.5.4) allows authenticated local attackers to trigger availability impact via crafted input to the pi.c library module. The vulnerability has a publicly available proof-of-concept and carries an EPSS score of 0.01% (2nd percentile), reflecting minimal real-world exploitation likelihood despite the presence of exploit code. Patch commit 839936aa33eb8899bbbd80fda02796bb65068951 is available from the vendor.

Buffer overflow in UTT HiPER 1200GW router versions up to 2.5.3-170306 enables remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with high privileges via malformed NatBind parameters to the /goform/formNatStaticMap endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published), significantly lowering exploitation barrier. EPSS data not available, but combination of network attack vector, low complexity (CVSS AC:L), and public POC indicates elevated real-world exploitation risk for internet-facing devices with weak credential protection.

Integer overflow in Linux kernel X.25 protocol stack allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger denial of service via fragmented packet accumulation. The fraglen field in x25_sock structure can overflow when processing fragmented X.25 packets, causing kernel crashes or resource exhaustion. Vendor-released patches confirm the vulnerability exists since initial Git history (2005) through kernel 6.19.x. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests low observed exploitation activity, though the network-accessible attack vector (AV:N) and lack of authentication requirements (PR:N) make this exploitable against any exposed X.25 network interface. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but public patches reveal implementation details that could facilitate exploit development.

Stack-based buffer overflow in TOTOLINK A7000R router (firmware ≤9.1.0u.6115) allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise via the setWiFiEasyGuestCfg CGI function. The vulnerability exists in /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi where unsanitized input to the ssid5g parameter triggers memory corruption, enabling arbitrary code execution with device privileges. Publicly available exploit code exists, significantly lowering the barrier to exploitation for authenticated attackers on the network.

Out-of-bounds write in Huawei HarmonyOS WEB module allows local attackers without privileges to cause integrity and availability impact through a classic buffer overflow condition. CVSS 5.1 (moderate) reflects local-only attack vector and limited scope, though the vulnerability affects a core web rendering component. No active exploitation or public proof-of-concept confirmed at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds heap write in Huawei HarmonyOS WEB module allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code and exfiltrate sensitive data with no user interaction required. CVSS v4.0 score of 10.0 (Critical) reflects network-based exploitation with low complexity requiring no privileges or user interaction. No public exploit identified at time of analysis. The vulnerability achieves complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability across both vulnerable and subsequent system scopes.

Integer overflow in Samsung Open Source Escargot causes undefined behavior and potential denial of service on local systems. The vulnerability affects the Escargot JavaScript engine (commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335 and related versions) and requires local access with low complexity to trigger. With CVSS 5.1 and EPSS not specified, the risk is moderate; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds read in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine exposes sensitive memory content to remote attackers through user interaction. The vulnerability affects Escargot commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335 and allows information disclosure with partial availability impact. CVSS 5.9 (medium) reflects the requirement for user interaction and high complexity attack prerequisites, though the memory exposure potential warrants monitoring for patches.

Integer overflow in Samsung Escargot JavaScript engine allows remote attackers to trigger buffer overflows without authentication via network-delivered crafted JavaScript code. Affects commit 97e8115ab and prior versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though upstream fix available (PR/commit); released patched version not independently confirmed. With CVSS 8.1 (High) and network attack vector requiring high complexity, this represents significant risk for devices and applications embedding the Escargot engine, particularly Samsung smart TV and appliance platforms.

Out-of-bounds write in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code or corrupt memory through buffer overflow conditions. This vulnerability affects Escargot commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335 and prior versions. With a 7.4 CVSS score (high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact) but high attack complexity and local attack vector, exploitation requires specialized conditions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS data not available for this CVE.

Out-of-bounds read in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine allows local attackers to leak sensitive memory contents and cause denial of service. Affects Escargot commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335 and potentially other versions; the vulnerability requires local access and specific conditions to trigger but can expose confidential data and crash the application without authentication. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine enables out-of-bounds memory writes with high integrity and availability impact through local attack vectors. Affects Escargot commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335. CVSS 8.1 severity driven by scope change and low attack complexity despite local access requirement. Upstream fix available (PR/commit); released patched version not independently confirmed. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and exploitation requires high attack complexity (AC:H), limiting immediate risk despite elevated CVSS score.

Local privilege escalation in HarmonyOS application read module allows unauthenticated local attackers to cause memory corruption through a boundary-unlimited buffer overflow, potentially achieving code execution or system crash with high availability impact. CVSS 6.8 reflects local attack vector with integrity and availability consequences. Huawei has released security bulletins addressing this CWE-119 vulnerability affecting HarmonyOS devices.

Out-of-bounds write in HarmonyOS file system allows local privileged attackers to corrupt memory with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability affects HarmonyOS across versions and requires high-level local system privileges to exploit, making it a critical concern for multi-user systems and containerized deployments where privilege escalation vectors exist.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Dynabook Bluetooth ACPI drivers (tosrfec.sys, drfec.sys) allows local administrators to execute arbitrary code by manipulating specific registry values. This CVSS 8.4 vulnerability requires high privileges (administrative access) but enables complete system compromise with low attack complexity. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the attack surface is limited to users who already possess elevated credentials.

Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Huawei HarmonyOS and EMUI kernel modules allows local privileged attackers to achieve arbitrary memory corruption, potentially compromising system confidentiality and availability. The vulnerability requires high privilege context and nontrivial user interaction to trigger, limiting real-world exploitation scope despite moderate CVSS scoring.

Buffer overflow in Totolink A800R router firmware 4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The vulnerability resides in the setAppEasyWizardConfig function within /lib/cste_modules/app.so, triggered by malicious input to the apcliSsid parameter. Public exploit code is available on GitHub (CVSS 7.4, CVSS:4.0). Authentication is required (PR:L), but attack complexity is low (AC:L)

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware 1.0.0.7_cn_svn7958 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise (confidentiality, integrity, availability breach) via malformed ADSL/WAN configuration parameters. The vulnerability resides in the fromAdvSetWan function handling wanmode and PPPOEPassword arguments. Publicly available exploit code exists, significantly lowering the barrier to exploitation. CVSS 7.4 (High) with low attack complexity and network-reachable attack vector indicates substantial risk for exposed management interfaces.

Denial of service in Parani M10 Motorcycle Intercom v2.1.3 via crafted Bluetooth RFCOMM frames allows unauthenticated attackers within wireless range to crash the device. The vulnerability exploits a buffer overflow in the RFCOMM service handler, causing high availability impact. A proof-of-concept exists but active exploitation has not been confirmed; EPSS score of 0.02% suggests limited real-world exploitation pressure despite the accessible attack vector.

Heap buffer overflow in FFmpeg 8.0.1's av_bprint_finalize() function enables remote denial-of-service attacks through maliciously crafted media files. Exploitation requires no authentication (CVSS AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), making this accessible to any network-based attacker who can deliver manipulated input to vulnerable FFmpeg instances. EPSS score of 0.04% (12th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis. While CVSS rates this 7.5 HIGH due to availability impact, real-world risk is primarily limited to public-facing media processing services.

Out-of-bounds read in FFmpeg 8.0.1's AV1 decoder allows remote denial-of-service via malicious video files. Attackers craft inputs targeting read_global_param() in libavcodec/av1dec.c to trigger memory access violations, crashing the decoder. Affects applications processing untrusted AV1 video content (media servers, transcoders, browsers with FFmpeg). CVSS 7.5 (High) reflects network-exploitable DoS; EPSS 0.04% indicates low observed exploitation probability. No active exploitation confirmed (n

Stack overflow in tinyobjloader's experimental MTL file parser (tinyobj_loader_opt.h) allows local attackers to trigger denial of service by supplying a malformed .mtl file. The vulnerability affects the library's material file parsing logic and crashes the application via stack memory corruption, though with EPSS score of 0.01% and no confirmed active exploitation, real-world risk is minimal despite the moderate CVSS 6.2 rating.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 wireless router (firmware 1.0.0.7_cn_svn7958) allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The vulnerability resides in the frmL7ImForm function handling the 'page' parameter at /goform/L7Im endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published), significantly lowering exploitation barriers. CVSS 8.8 (High) reflects network-accessible attack vector with low complexity, requiring only low-privilege authentication. No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware version 1.0.0.7_cn_svn7958 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability resides in the fromSetIpBind function accessible via /goform/SetIpBind endpoint, where manipulation of the 'page' parameter triggers memory corruption. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published), significantly lowering the barrier to exploitation despite requiring low-privilege authentication. CVSS 8.8 severity reflects network accessibility, low attack complexity, and complete system compromise potential.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware version 1.0.0.7_cn_svn7958 allows remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability resides in the fromqossetting function's handling of the 'qos' parameter in /goform/qossetting endpoint. Publicly available exploit code (GitHub PoC) significantly lowers the barrier to exploitation. CVSS 7.4 (High) with low attack complexity and network attack vector indicates elevated risk for exposed devices, though low-privilege authentication is required.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router (version 1.0.0.7_cn_svn7958) allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability resides in the fromSafeUrlFilter function handling the 'page' parameter in /goform/SafeUrlFilter endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC), significantly lowering exploitation barrier. With CVSS 8.8 (Critical) and low attack complexity, this represents a serious risk to deployed devices, though exploitation requires authenticated access (PR:L) to the router's web interface.

Out-of-bounds memory access in the WebGPU implementation of Mesa (fixed in 25.3.6 and 26.0.1) lets an attacker who can submit WebGPU workloads corrupt memory, because a to-be-allocated buffer size is taken from an untrusted party and passed to alloca, producing a stack-based out-of-bounds write (CWE-787). The CVSS 9.8 rating reflects total technical impact, but there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low at 0.04%, indicating a serious memory-corruption bug that is not yet being exploited. SUSE and Debian LTS have already shipped fixed packages.

BlueAuditor 1.7.2.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in the registration key field that allows local attackers to crash the application by submitting an oversized key value. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Echo Mirage 3.1 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application or execute arbitrary code by supplying an oversized string in the Rules action. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Easy Video to iPod Converter 1.6.20 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability in the user registration field that allows local attackers to overwrite the structured exception handler. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

R 3.4.4 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by injecting malicious input into the GUI Preferences language field. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Faleemi Desktop Software 1.8 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability in the System Setup dialog that allows attackers to bypass DEP protections through structured exception handling. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

HTML5 Video Player 1.2.5 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying an oversized key code string. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

RGui 3.5.0 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability in the GUI preferences dialog that allows attackers to bypass DEP protections through structured exception handling exploitation. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise via the SafeMacFilter function. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low complexity, requiring only basic user credentials. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC), significantly lowering the barrier for exploitation. CVSS 8.8 (High) severity with potential for code execution, data theft, and device takeover.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware 1.0.0.7 enables authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with high privileges via crafted 'entrys' parameter to the /goform/addressNat endpoint. The vulnerability resides in the fromAddressNat function of the httpd component. Public exploit code is available (GitHub), with EPSS indicating moderate exploitation probability. Requires low-privilege authentication (PR:L) but has low attack complexity (AC:L), making it accessible to attackers with basic router credentials.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router version 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability resides in the httpd component's frmL7ProtForm function when processing the 'page' parameter in /goform/L7Prot. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published), enabling attackers with low-privilege credentials to achieve full system compromise. CVSS 8.8 (High) with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware version 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve full system compromise via crafted HTTP requests to the wireless client configuration endpoint. The vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) exists in the WrlclientSet function within the httpd service and requires only low-privilege authentication. Publicly available exploit code has been published on GitHub, significantly lowering the barrier to exploitation, though no active exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router version 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise through the DHCP client list function. The vulnerability exists in the httpd service's /goform/DhcpListClient endpoint via the 'page' parameter. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published), enabling low-complexity attacks that can result in full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise. CVSS 8.8 reflects high impact across all security objectives with minimal attack complexity, though low-privileged authentication is required.

A logic error in the Linux kernel's BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter) verifier allows local attackers with low privileges to exploit verifier/runtime divergence and achieve out-of-bounds map access, enabling arbitrary memory read/write and privilege escalation. The flaw affects the maybe_fork_scalars() function which incorrectly handles BPF_OR operations during state forking, tracking destination register as 0 when the runtime value is K (the constant operand). Patches are available from kernel.org for versions 6.12.80, 6.18.21, 6.19.11, and 7.0-rc5. EPSS score is extremely low (0.01%) and no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in ChargePoint Home Flex electric vehicle chargers enables network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code as root via malformed OCPP messages. Unauthenticated exploitation allows complete device compromise through improper length validation in OCPP getpreq message handling. Attack complexity is high (CVSS AC:H), requiring local network access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in GIMP's PSP (Paint Shop Pro) file parser enables remote code execution when processing malicious PSP image files. Unauthenticated attackers can execute arbitrary code with user privileges by convincing targets to open crafted PSP files. CVSS 7.8 (High) reflects local attack vector requiring user interaction. No public exploit identified at time of analysis. Vulnerability tracked as ZDI-CAN-28874 by Zero Day Initiative.

Heap-based buffer overflow in GIMP's JP2 image parser enables unauthenticated remote code execution when users open crafted JPEG 2000 files. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length before copying to heap memory, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code with user privileges. Exploitation requires social engineering to convince targets to open malicious JP2 files. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds write in Labcenter Electronics Proteus PDSPRJ file parser enables unauthenticated remote code execution when victims open crafted project files. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation during PDSPRJ file processing, allowing buffer overflow conditions that permit arbitrary code execution with victim's privileges. Exploitation requires user interaction-opening a malicious PDSPRJ file or visiting attacker-controlled web content. CVSS 7.8 (High) reflects local attack vector with no privileges required but mandatory user interaction. No public exploit identified at time of analysis. Affects all versions per available CPE data.

Out-of-bounds write in Labcenter Electronics Proteus PDSPRJ file parser enables unauthenticated remote code execution with high integrity impact. Exploitation requires user interaction (opening malicious PDSPRJ file or visiting attacker-controlled page). Insufficient input validation during PDSPRJ processing allows buffer overflow, writing arbitrary data beyond allocated memory boundaries. Successful exploitation grants attacker code execution in application context with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds write during PDSPRJ file parsing in Labcenter Electronics Proteus enables remote code execution when users open malicious project files. Attackers exploit insufficient input validation to write beyond allocated buffer boundaries, executing arbitrary code with victim's privileges. Requires user interaction (opening crafted PDSPRJ file). CWE-787 memory corruption vulnerability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution in Sonos Era 300 smart speakers (build 17.5/91.0-70070) allows unauthenticated network attackers to execute arbitrary kernel-level code via malformed SMB server responses. The vulnerability achieves maximum CVSS 10.0 severity due to network accessibility without authentication, low complexity, and kernel-level code execution with scope change. EPSS indicates 1.27% exploitation probability (80th percentile), suggesting moderate real-world risk. No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, though ZDI publication increases weaponization likelihood.

Step CA versions 0.24.0 through 0.30.0-rc2 suffer a denial-of-service vulnerability where an attacker can trigger an index out-of-bounds panic by sending a crafted TPM attestation key certificate with an empty Extended Key Usage extension during device-attest-01 ACME challenges. The vulnerability affects only deployments that have explicitly configured TPM device attestation; organizations using Step CA for standard certificate management are unaffected. While the CVSS score is low (3.7), the attack is unauthenticated and remotely triggerable, potentially causing service disruption in vulnerable configurations.

Heap buffer overflow in HDF5 library versions 1.14.1-2 and earlier allows local attackers to trigger a write-based overflow in the H5T__ref_mem_setnull method by crafting malicious HDF5 files, leading to denial-of-service and potential remote code execution depending on heap exploitation complexity. Attack requires local file access and user interaction to parse a malicious file. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in NASM's disasm() function enables unauthenticated denial-of-service when processing malicious assembly input. Attacker-controlled disassembly formatting triggers out-of-bounds write when string length exceeds buffer capacity, causing application crash. Affects NASM assembler version 3.02rc5. Publicly available exploit code exists. CVSS 7.5 (High) reflects network-accessible attack vector requiring no privileges or user interaction, with availability impact only.

Heap buffer overflow in Netwide Assembler (NASM) 3.02rc5 obj_directive() function enables arbitrary code execution and denial of service when processing maliciously crafted .asm files. Missing bounds validation allows attackers to corrupt heap memory through specially constructed assembly source files. Publicly available exploit code exists. Impacts NASM users assembling untrusted input files, particularly automated build systems and development environments processing external assembly code.

Integer overflow in the Linux kernel's USB gadget mass storage driver (f_mass_storage) allows a malicious USB host to corrupt kernel memory or trigger out-of-bounds accesses on any Linux system acting as a USB storage gadget. The flaw affects kernel versions tracing back to Linux 3.3 (commit 144974e7f9e32b53b02f6c8632be45d8f43d6ab5), with vendor-released patches now available across multiple stable branches. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS exploitation probability stands at a very low 0.02%, consistent with the physical USB access prerequisite.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Notepad++ 8.9.3 file drop handler allows local authenticated users to cause application crash and potentially execute code by dragging and dropping a directory path of exactly 259 characters without a trailing backslash, triggering unbounded buffer write via automatic backslash and null terminator appending. CVSS 6.0 (High) reflects local attack vector and high complexity; no public exploit code or active KEV status identified, but upstream fix is confirmed available.

Integer overflow in wolfSSL CMAC implementation (versions ≤5.9.0) enables zero-effort cryptographic forgery. The wc_CmacUpdate function uses a 32-bit counter (totalSz) that wraps to zero after processing 4 GiB of data, erroneously discarding live CBC-MAC chain state. Attackers can forge CMAC authentication tags by crafting messages with identical suffixes beyond the 4 GiB boundary, undermining message authentication integrity in unauthenticated network contexts. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda AC9 router firmware 15.03.02.13 enables authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or crash the device. The vulnerability resides in the decodePwd function within /goform/WizardHandle POST request handler, triggered by manipulating the WANS parameter. Attack requires low-privilege authentication but no user interaction. CVSS 8.8 (High) reflects potential for complete system compromise. Publicly available exploit code exists; no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV).

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda AC9 router firmware 15.03.02.13 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted PPPOEPassword parameter to formQuickIndex endpoint. Attack requires low-privilege credentials but no user interaction, enabling complete device compromise. Publicly available exploit code exists. CVSS 8.8 reflects network-accessible attack path with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Buffer overflow in D-Link DIR-513 firmware 1.10 formAdvanceSetup function enables authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The vulnerability resides in POST request handling at /goform/formAdvanceSetup endpoint, where insufficient input validation of the 'webpage' parameter triggers memory corruption. Publicly available exploit code exists. This router model is end-of-life with no vendor support.

Buffer overflow in D-Link DIR-513 1.10 POST request handler allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The formSetRoute function improperly validates the curTime parameter, enabling memory corruption attacks. Publicly available exploit code exists. This vulnerability affects end-of-life hardware no longer supported by D-Link, leaving no vendor remediation pathway.

Buffer overflow in D-Link DIR-513 1.10 formSetPassword function allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Exploitation occurs through POST request manipulation of the curTime parameter in /goform/formSetPassword endpoint. This end-of-life product receives no vendor support, and publicly available exploit code exists. Attack requires low-privilege authentication (CVSS PR:L) but no user interaction, enabling straightforward remote exploitation once credentials are obtained.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router (version 1.0.0.7) enables authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via malformed 'page' parameter in fromP2pListFilter function at /goform/P2pListFilter endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists. Attack requires low-privilege authentication (PR:L) but no user interaction, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on vulnerable device.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 wireless router firmware 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or crash the device via crafted GO parameter to the formWrlExtraSet function in /goform/WrlExtraSet endpoint. The vulnerability permits complete compromise of device confidentiality and integrity. Publicly available exploit code exists. Attack requires low-privilege authenticated access to the web management interface.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 router firmware version 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service via crafted 'page' parameter in the fromSafeEmailFilter function at /goform/SafeEmailFilter endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists. Attack requires low-privilege authentication but no user interaction, enabling complete compromise of device confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Stack-based buffer overflow in musl libc 0.7.10 through 1.2.6 allows local attackers with high complexity requirements to corrupt memory during qsort operations on exceptionally large arrays (exceeding ~7 million elements on 32-bit systems, corresponding to the 32nd Leonardo number). Exploitation requires sorting arrays approaching billion-element scale on 64-bit platforms. Vulnerability stems from incorrect double-word primitive implementation in smoothsort algorithm. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution with scope change, impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Buffer overflow in owntone-server commit 2ca10d9 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution or denial of service with critical CVSS 9.8 severity. The vulnerability stems from inadequate recursive input validation (CWE-120), enabling network-accessible exploitation without user interaction. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though proof-of-concept details exist in GitHub issue #1873. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low observed exploitation probability despite maximum theoretical severity.

wolfSSL versions before 5.9.1 contain a heap buffer overflow in the X.509 date parsing functions wolfSSL_X509_notAfter and wolfSSL_X509_notBefore when processing crafted certificates through the compatibility layer API. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 2.3 with attack vector requiring adjacent network access and persistence, affecting only direct API calls and not standard TLS or certificate verification operations. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 wireless router firmware 1.0.0.7 enables authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted mit_ssid parameter to formWrlsafeset function in /goform/AdvSetWrlsafeset endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists. Attack requires low-privilege authenticated access to the router's web management interface, resulting in complete compromise of device confidentiality, integrity, and availability with no impact to other network segments.

Buffer overflow in WolfSSL's TLSX_SNI_Write function allows remote unauthenticated attackers to corrupt memory by sending a specially crafted TLS ClientHello with ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) and SNI extension data. The vulnerability occurs when TLSX_EchChangeSNI unconditionally sets extensions even when no inner SNI is configured, causing attacker-controlled SNI data to be written 255 bytes beyond the allocated buffer boundary during ClientHello serialization. CVSS 6.9 indicates moderate integrity and availability impact with low attack complexity.

Stack buffer overflow in wolfSSL's PKCS7 implementation allows local attackers to cause a denial of service or potentially execute code by crafting a CMS EnvelopedData message with an oversized OID in an OtherRecipientInfo recipient structure. The vulnerability affects wolfSSL when compiled with --enable-pkcs7 (disabled by default) and only when an application explicitly registers an ORI decrypt callback, significantly limiting real-world exposure. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda F451 wireless router firmware 1.0.0.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted page parameter to fromRouteStatic function in /goform/RouteStatic endpoint. Attack requires low-privilege authenticated access to web management interface with no user interaction. Publicly available exploit code exists. Exploitation yields complete compromise of router confidentiality, integrity, and availability.