Authentication Bypass

Security feature bypass in Microsoft .NET (shipped via Visual Studio 2022 17.12/17.14 and Visual Studio 2026 18.7) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker defeat a cryptographic-signature check over the network — most likely a JWT/token signature verification flaw per the vendor 'Jwt Attack' and 'Authentication Bypass' tags. By forging or tampering with signed data the runtime fails to validate correctly, an attacker can impersonate trusted principals and undermine an authentication or integrity control. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Privilege elevation in ASP.NET Core (bundled with .NET 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged network attacker bypass authentication controls by tampering with data the framework wrongly assumes to be immutable (CWE-302). Microsoft reported and patched the flaw; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV. At CVSS 8.8 with PR:L, an authorized user can escalate to higher privileges over the network.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Configuration Manager (versions 2509 and 2603) lets an already-authorized, low-privileged network user gain elevated privileges due to improper access control. Rated CVSS 8.8, the flaw yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact and is remotely reachable, though it requires existing valid low-level access. Microsoft has released a patch; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Authorization bypass in Devolutions Server 2026.2.11 and 2026.1.22 lets an authenticated low-privileged user approve their own pending access request by calling the access request status endpoint directly, bypassing the mandatory approver review. Because access requests gate elevated access to protected resources, this effectively grants unauthorized privileged access (CVSS 7.1). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the issue was disclosed and patched by the vendor.

Sensitive information disclosure in Devolutions Server 2026.1.x and 2026.2.x lets an authenticated low-privileged user read the private keys of SSH key and certificate PAM credentials belonging to other users. By supplying a credential identifier they should not have access to (an insecure direct object reference), the attacker retrieves secrets the PAM module is supposed to protect. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not on CISA KEV, but a vendor patch is available. Note: the supplied CVSS vector lists PR:N (unauthenticated) while the description explicitly requires an authenticated low-privileged user — treat this as an authenticated IDOR.

Credential disclosure in TP-Link Deco M5 v1 mesh routers stems from a weak (computationally cheap) password-hashing scheme used to store local user credentials, letting an attacker who has already obtained the stored hash recover the plaintext password via offline brute-force or dictionary attacks. Affected devices are the Deco M5 v1 hardware revision, and successful cracking yields access to device management functions scoped to the recovered account's privileges. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:H) reflects that it is a post-compromise credential-recovery weakness rather than a remote entry point.

Spoofing via origin validation error in the Windows Network Address Translation (NAT) component affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, including Server Core installations. An unauthenticated attacker positioned on an adjacent network segment can bypass origin/authentication checks (CWE-346) to impersonate a trusted source, with Microsoft rating scope-changed high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 8.3). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though high attack complexity limits reliable exploitation.

Elevation of privilege in Microsoft 365 Copilot for iOS (versions 1.0 through builds prior to 2.111.4) lets a network-based attacker bypass improper access controls (CWE-284) to gain unauthorized elevated privileges. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) rates this 9.8 Critical with total confidentiality, integrity and availability impact, though SSVC records exploitation status as none and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is modest at 0.67% (48th percentile), indicating no observed exploitation activity despite the high theoretical severity.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/MSI service) lets an already-authenticated low-privilege user elevate to SYSTEM by abusing an improper authorization check (CWE-285). Affected platforms span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, so risk is currently potential rather than confirmed in-the-wild exploitation.

Privilege elevation in Microsoft SharePoint Server (Enterprise Server 2016 and Server 2019) allows an authenticated network attacker to abuse an improper authorization check to gain higher privileges within the SharePoint environment. The flaw is tagged as an authentication bypass and carries a CVSS 8.8, reflecting high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability from a low-privileged starting point. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing.

Denial of service in Microsoft .NET (versions 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash or hang affected applications by triggering a type-confusion condition (CWE-843) over the network. The flaw was reported by Microsoft and a vendor patch is available via MSRC; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The CVSS vector limits impact strictly to availability (A:H, C:N/I:N), meaning it is a service-disruption bug rather than a code-execution or data-exposure issue despite tag noise suggesting otherwise.

Security-feature bypass in Microsoft Visual Studio Code lets a remote attacker deliver functionality from an untrusted control sphere (CWE-829) that circumvents a built-in protection, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact once a victim opens or interacts with attacker-supplied content. Rated CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R), it requires user interaction but no authentication, and Microsoft has released a fix via MSRC. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on the CISA KEV list.

Local privilege elevation in the Windows Extensible Storage Engine (ESENT) database library allows an already-authenticated low-privileged user on affected Windows 10 1809, Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2025 systems to gain higher privileges, with full loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The flaw stems from improper access control (CWE-284) in a core OS component that services many system databases. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in Microsoft's Windows Network File System (NFS) server role affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. An unauthenticated network attacker who wins a race condition in a shared NFS resource can execute arbitrary code on the target. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none; EPSS is low at 0.64% (47th percentile), consistent with the high attack complexity of racing the vulnerable code path.

Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows network driver affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025), where a race condition (CWE-362) in the shared network driver lets an unauthenticated network attacker who wins a timing window run arbitrary code with full system impact. Microsoft has shipped fixes and rates it 8.1 with high attack complexity; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC lists exploitation status as none, though the flaw is assessed as automatable with total technical impact. The EPSS probability is low (1.00%, 59th percentile), consistent with the high-complexity, not-yet-exploited profile.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop (RDP) allows an unauthorized network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering the use of an uninitialized resource (CWE-908). All currently supported Windows client and server releases are affected, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 9.8 with a network, no-privileges, no-interaction vector; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local code execution in Microsoft Office Excel (2016, 2019, LTSC 2021/2024, Microsoft 365 Apps, Office for Mac, and Office Online Server) allows an attacker to run arbitrary code in the context of the current user when a victim opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet. The flaw stems from use of an uninitialized resource (CWE-908) and carries a CVSS 7.8; it requires user interaction (opening the file) and no prior privileges. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but a vendor patch is available.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft SharePoint Server (Enterprise Server 2016, Server 2019, and Subscription Edition) lets an already-authenticated network user gain higher privileges by exploiting a missing authorization check (CWE-862). Any low-privileged account with access to the SharePoint web application can abuse the flaw to perform actions reserved for higher-privileged roles, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact per the CVSS 8.8 rating. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Security feature bypass in Microsoft SharePoint (Enterprise Server 2016, Server 2019, and Server Subscription Edition) lets a network-based, unauthenticated attacker defeat a weak-authentication protection mechanism (CWE-1390) to gain high-impact access to confidentiality and integrity. Rated CVSS 9.1 with no attacker privileges or user interaction required, this is a serious pre-authentication issue in a widely deployed collaboration platform. Microsoft has published a fix, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Local code execution in Microsoft Word (part of Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019, Office LTSC 2021/2024, and Office for Mac) stems from a double free of heap memory (CWE-415) that lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code when a victim opens a malicious document. The flaw was reported by Microsoft, carries CVSS 7.8, and a vendor patch is available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. Because exploitation requires the target to open a crafted file (UI:R), it is a user-interaction-gated client-side RCE rather than a remotely-triggerable service bug.

Arbitrary local code execution in Microsoft Office Excel (spanning Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise, Excel 2016, Office 2019, Office LTSC 2021/2024, the Office for Mac editions, and Office Online Server) lets an attacker run code in the current user's context when a victim opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet. The flaw is an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) triggered during file parsing; it requires user interaction but no prior privileges. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and a vendor patch is available from Microsoft (MSRC).

Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (and the broader Office suite through Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019/2021/2024 LTSC, Office for Mac, and Office Online Server) arises from an integer underflow (CWE-191) in Excel's file parsing, letting an attacker run arbitrary code in the context of the user who opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) shows no attacker privileges are needed but the victim must open the file, giving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available.

Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019/LTSC 2021/2024, Office for Mac, and Office Online Server) arises from a type-confusion flaw (CWE-843) in how Excel parses spreadsheet content. An attacker who convinces a victim to open a malicious workbook can run arbitrary code in the context of the current user, gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Office (2016, 2019, LTSC 2021/2024, Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise, and Office for Mac 2021/2024) arises from a type-confusion flaw (CWE-843) that lets an attacker run code in the context of the current user when a victim opens a crafted file. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) reflecting local vector with required user interaction and high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but a vendor patch is available via MSRC.

Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (Office 2016 through LTSC 2024, Microsoft 365 Apps, and Mac editions) allows an attacker to run arbitrary code by tricking a user into opening a maliciously crafted spreadsheet that triggers a type-confusion condition in Excel's file parser. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.8 (High) with the local vector reflecting file-open exploitation rather than remote-network access, and success requires user interaction. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) allows an unauthorized network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a type-confusion condition (CWE-843) in the OLE component. The flaw affects a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025, and carries a CVSS 8.1 (High) rating. No privileges or authentication are required per the CVSS vector, though the high attack complexity (AC:H) means exploitation depends on winning a specific timing or memory-state condition; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) allows an authenticated network attacker to elevate privileges due to improper authorization (CWE-285) in certificate request/enrollment handling across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and their Server Core installations. With a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) and full high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, a low-privileged domain user can abuse AD CS authorization checks to gain elevated rights, potentially up to domain compromise. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but AD CS abuse (ESC-class attacks) is a well-established, high-value target class.

Local code execution in the GitHub Copilot plugin for JetBrains IDEs allows an unauthorized attacker to run arbitrary code on a developer's machine by leveraging improper restriction of file/resource names (CWE-641), with exploitation requiring the victim to perform an action (UI:R). Rated CVSS 7.8 (high) with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, this is a local-vector flaw affecting developers running the Copilot extension; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. Microsoft has published a fix advisory (MSRC CVE-2026-50510).

Let me synthesize all data. CVE-2026-44300 — OpenCost /serviceKey unauthenticated file write. Product name: OpenCost CVSS 8.8 given, vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/... CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) but also CWE-306 mentioned in the description. Patch: Available from vendor; fixed in 1.119.1 per CPE data. Wait, the references mention releases v1.120.0 and v1.121.0, but the "Package" line says vulnerable: < 1.119.1 — fixed in: 1.119.1. Hmm, conflicting. I should note this in confidence_notes. Actually the fix commit introduces adminAuthMiddleware requiring ADMIN_TOKEN. The releases listed (v1.120.0, v1.121.0) are refs. The package data says fixed in 1.119.1. I'll present both and flag the discrepancy. Note the patch only adds auth when ADMIN_TOKEN is set; when unset it still allows unauthenticated writes with a warning. That's an important nuance — remediation must note that ADMIN_TOKEN must be configured. Let me write fields. prevalence: OpenCost is a widely used CNCF incubating project for Kubernetes cost monitoring — medium/high. It's popular in k8s cost monitoring but not ubiquitous. I'd say "medium" — common but not everywhere. Given it's a CNCF sandbox/incubating project with significant adoption in FinOps, "medium" seems right. assessed_cvss_vector: The vulnerability is network-reachable, no auth required (PR:N), low complexity (AC:L), no UI. Impact: VI:H (attacker can overwrite the key file — integrity), VA:H (service disruption). Confidentiality: description claims credential theft / data leakage but the direct impact per the vendor-ish analysis says C:N. Well, injecting attacker credentials could leak cost data to the attacker. Hmm. Original vector says VC:N. But actually credential theft — the attacker can't read the existing key file. So C:N. Let me go with: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H = 8.2? Let's compute: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N = base 9.8-ish for C:H/I:H/A:H. With C:N, I:H, A:H → score. Let me compute:

Denial of service in the Windows Domain Controller role on Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core) and Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1 lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash or hang authentication services by triggering an untrusted pointer dereference over the network. Because the CVSS vector is PR:N/UI:N with A:H and no confidentiality or integrity impact, a single crafted network exchange can disrupt directory and logon services domain-wide without credentials. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not on CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.

Privilege elevation in Microsoft's Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) role allows a network-based, low-privileged attacker to gain higher privileges due to a missing authentication check on a critical function (CWE-306). The flaw affects WSUS as shipped on Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (and client builds Windows 10 1607/1809), with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8; Microsoft has released a patch. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, low-complexity nature makes this a high-priority patch for update-management infrastructure.

Local integrity and availability tampering in the Microsoft Windows DNS component affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core), where an authorized attacker with low privileges can abuse improper access control to modify DNS data or disrupt the service. Microsoft self-reported the issue and has released a patch. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV, so exploitation would currently require local access on an already-compromised or shared host.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged user gain SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 builds. The root cause is a missing authentication check on a critical RRAS function (CWE-306), enabling an authorized attacker to bypass expected authorization and fully compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS probability is low (0.22%), and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as none, but the total technical impact and Microsoft-supplied patch make prompt patching worthwhile.

Elevation of privilege in the Microsoft Windows RPC API lets an unauthenticated attacker on an adjacent network gain higher privileges by exploiting an improper authentication weakness (CWE-287), provided a user is lured into an interaction. The flaw spans a broad range of client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the issue was reported by Microsoft, which has released a fix.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) component allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged user on affected Windows and Windows Server builds to elevate to higher privileges through an improper authorization check (CWE-285). Microsoft has released a patch, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. Impact is high across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, though exploitation requires prior local code execution.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows RPC Runtime lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user gain SYSTEM-level control due to improper authorization (CWE-285). Affecting a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, the flaw carries CVSS 7.8 with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel allows an already-authenticated attacker to elevate to SYSTEM-level privileges across a wide range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds. The flaw stems from improper access control (CWE-284) in kernel-mode code and requires local low-privileged access with no user interaction. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the trivial attack complexity and SYSTEM-level impact make it a standard patch-Tuesday priority.

Elevation of privilege in Microsoft Windows Runtime (WinRT) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker win a timing window in a shared-resource race condition and gain higher privileges across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025). Microsoft-reported and patched, the flaw carries CVSS 8.1, driven by full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but tempered by high attack complexity. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Search component lets an already-authenticated low-privilege user gain SYSTEM-level rights through improper access control (CWE-284). It affects all currently supported Windows client and server builds from Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019 through 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a patch.

Elevation of privilege in Microsoft Windows (Windows 10 1809/21H2/22H2, Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1, and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025) allows a locally authenticated attacker to escalate to higher privileges via an improper access control weakness (CWE-284). An attacker who already holds a low-privilege foothold on the host can gain full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact over the system. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the flaw was reported by Microsoft and a vendor patch is available.

Privilege elevation in the Windows Runtime (WinRT) component of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019-2025 allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to win a race condition and gain elevated privileges over the network. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low (0.33%, 25th percentile) and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none, though technical impact is rated total.

Elevation of privilege in the Windows Runtime (WinRT) component of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server allows an unauthorized network attacker to win a race condition and gain elevated privileges, achieving full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The flaw affects a broad range of supported builds - Windows 10 (1809/21H2/22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 - and Microsoft has shipped patches. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA/SSVC records no known exploitation, though the low CVSS attack complexity of winning the race is offset by the high technical impact.

Denial of service in Microsoft Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash or disrupt the update service by triggering an uncaught exception over the network. The flaw affects WSUS across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (plus Windows 10 1607/1809 servicing components), and the CVSS 3.1 availability-only vector (A:H) indicates service unavailability rather than data compromise. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but a vendor patch is available and the flaw is network-reachable without authentication.

Privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel-mode subsystem lets an already-authenticated local user gain SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). Rooted in improper access control (CWE-284), successful exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVSS vector's high attack complexity (AC:H) tempers the practical risk.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel-mode subsystem allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged user to elevate to SYSTEM through improper access control (CWE-284). Affected builds span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows MIDI Service Module on Windows 11 (versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1) lets an already-authenticated local user gain elevated privileges by abusing improper access control (CWE-284). Because the CVSS scope is changed (S:C), a successful attack breaks out of the service's context to compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the broader system, effectively yielding SYSTEM-level control. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Audio Compression Manager (ACM) allows a low-privileged authenticated user to elevate to higher privileges (CVSS 7.8, CWE-284 improper access control). It affects a broad Windows fleet spanning Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Win32K kernel-mode subsystem allows an already-authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to SYSTEM through an improper access-control flaw. The issue affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Spaceport.sys Storage Spaces driver lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user gain SYSTEM-level control across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. The flaw stems from a missing authentication check on a critical driver function (CWE-306), and Microsoft has released a patch; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. With CVSS 7.8 (local, low-privilege) and full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, it is a strong candidate for chaining after an initial foothold.

Elevation of privilege in Microsoft Windows (Server 2012 through 2025 and Windows 10/11 clients) lets a low-privileged local user gain SYSTEM-level rights by abusing an improper access control (CWE-284) weakness. The flaw was reported by Microsoft with a patch available, and CVSS 3.1 rates it 7.8 (High) with local vector and low privileges required. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, so this is a patch-worthy but not emergency issue absent evidence of active exploitation.

Local code execution in the Microsoft Windows NTFS file-system driver lets an attacker run arbitrary code by inducing a victim to interact with a specially crafted NTFS artifact (e.g., a malicious volume, VHD, or file). The flaw stems from an integer underflow (CWE-191) and spans a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Security feature bypass in Windows Secure Boot (CWE-358) allows a locally authenticated attacker on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2016 through 2025) systems to defeat the boot-integrity trust chain due to an improperly implemented standard security check. Because Secure Boot is the gate that blocks unsigned/tampered bootloaders and rootkits, a successful bypass can enable pre-OS persistence and undermine downstream protections such as BitLocker and Measured Boot. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has published a patch via its update guide.

Privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Client service, driven by an integer underflow (CWE-191) triggered when processing DHCP traffic, lets an unauthorized network attacker gain elevated privileges with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. It affects a broad Windows fleet spanning Windows 10 (1607/1809) and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV; EPSS is modest at 0.76% (51st percentile), but the vendor rates it critical (CVSS 9.8) and CISA SSVC flags it as Automatable.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft's Azure Monitor Agent (specifically the Metrics Extension) lets an unauthenticated attacker on an adjacent network gain elevated privileges by exploiting improper TLS certificate validation (CWE-295). Because the agent fails to properly verify the certificate of the endpoint it communicates with, an attacker positioned on the same broadcast/logical network segment can impersonate a trusted server and hijack the agent's privileged context, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft rates it CVSS 8.8; there is currently no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Denial of service in the Windows Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the service and disrupt authentication across all supported Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. The flaw stems from an excessive-size memory allocation (CWE-789) triggerable over the network with no privileges or user interaction, and while a vendor patch is available, there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. Impact is limited to availability (A:H) with no confidentiality or integrity loss, but LSASS failure can force system instability or reboots, affecting domain authentication and logon.

Denial of service in Windows Cryptographic Services affects a broad sweep of supported Microsoft platforms, from Windows 10 (1607) and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. A memory-leak flaw (CWE-401) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker send network traffic that fails to release memory over time, degrading or exhausting the affected service until availability is impacted. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, exploitation is not yet observed (SSVC: none), and EPSS is low (0.78%), but a vendor patch is available and Automatable is 'yes', warranting prompt patching.

Local privilege-to-code-execution in Microsoft Windows Admin Center lets an already-authenticated, lower-privileged user abuse an improper authorization check (CWE-285) to run arbitrary code on the host where the management tool is installed. Rated CVSS 7.8 with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, it requires local access and existing low-level privileges rather than remote unauthenticated reach. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a fix via the MSRC update guide.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Remote Help allows an authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to higher privileges via improper access control (authorization bypass) in the Remote Help component. Exploitation requires prior local access with limited privileges (PR:L) but no user interaction, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, though Microsoft has released a patch.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Azure CycleCloud 8.9.1 allows an authorized (low-privileged) attacker to gain elevated privileges over the network by reaching a critical function that lacks an authentication check (CWE-306). Reported by Microsoft with a patch available and rated CVSS 8.8; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The flaw enables full compromise of the CycleCloud instance's confidentiality, integrity, and availability, making it a high-priority patch for HPC-orchestration environments.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Admin Center allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged attacker to elevate to higher privileges by abusing an improper authentication weakness (CWE-287). Any host running the management tool is affected, and successful exploitation yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the local system. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a fix.

Privilege elevation in Microsoft Windows Admin Center (versions 1809.0 through 2.7.3) lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged network user bypass authentication controls (CWE-287) and gain higher privileges on the managed infrastructure. The flaw carries CVSS 8.8 with total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, but there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low at 0.49% (39th percentile). Microsoft has released a fixed build (2.7.4).

Privilege elevation in Microsoft SharePoint Server (Enterprise Server 2016, Server 2019, and Subscription Edition) lets an unauthenticated network attacker reach a security-critical function that lacks any authentication check (CWE-306), gaining elevated privileges on the target farm. The flaw is confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV) with publicly available exploit code, and its CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) reflects fully remote, unauthenticated exploitation with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released a patch via MSRC.

Local code execution in Microsoft Defender's Malware Protection Engine (mpengine) arises from an integer underflow (CWE-191) that a local attacker can trigger with no prior authentication but requiring user interaction, yielding high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Because Defender's scanning engine runs with SYSTEM-level privileges, successful exploitation would grant full compromise of the host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a fix.

Privilege elevation in Microsoft Azure Spring Apps allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged network attacker to gain higher privileges by abusing an improper authentication weakness (CWE-287) in the managed platform. Because the CVSS scope is marked as changed (S:C), a successful attack can reach resources beyond the attacker's originally authorized boundary, yielding high confidentiality and integrity impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has published an advisory and a patch is available server-side.

Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows TCP/IP networking stack allows an unauthenticated attacker on the same physical or logical network segment to win a race condition and run arbitrary code on the target. The flaw spans a broad range of desktop and server builds from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has confirmed the issue and shipped a patch, and the high CVSS (8.8) plus network-facing kernel component make it a priority to remediate.

Remote code execution in the Windows Reliable Multicast Transport Driver (RMCAST) lets an unauthenticated attacker on the same network segment run arbitrary code by triggering an integer underflow (CWE-191) during multicast message processing. All supported Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 are affected. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS 8.8 adjacent-network unauthenticated profile and Microsoft's own reporting make this a high-priority patch.

Privilege elevation in the Windows App Store component affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025), where a race condition (CWE-362) lets an unauthorized attacker win a timing window to gain elevated privileges over a network. The CVSS 3.1 score is 8.1 with a network vector and no authentication (PR:N), but high attack complexity (AC:H) reflects the difficulty of reliably winning the race. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft.

Account takeover in Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.17 and 1.7.x before 1.7.2 stems from the bundled password plugin trusting a username injected into session data, allowing an attacker to spoof another account's identity when changing a password. The password plugin fails to bind the change operation to the authenticated user, so a spoofed username can redirect a password change to a victim's account. A vendor patch is available; SSVC rates technical impact as total but reports no observed exploitation, and EPSS is low at 0.24%, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Authorization bypass in Sonatype Nexus Repository 3's component upload API lets an account holding only read/browse privileges on a Swift, Terraform, or Conda hosted repository push arbitrary artifacts, defeating the intended write-permission check (CWE-862). The flaw affects the specific upload paths for these three formats and enables unauthorized artifact publishing that can poison downstream builds. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; Sonatype has shipped a fix in release 3.94.0.

Improper API key generation in Sonatype Nexus Repository Manager lets a remote attacker impersonate a targeted user and perform repository operations on their behalf. The flaw stems from insufficient entropy (CWE-331) in format-specific API key realms, so an attacker who can predict or reconstruct a victim's key gains their access without credentials. The vendor (Sonatype) reported and patched the issue in release 3.93.0; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Certificate revocation bypass in Rockwell Automation ControlLogix 5580, CompactLogix 5380, GuardLogix 5580, Compact GuardLogix 5380, and 1756-EN4TR (EN4) communication modules allows a network-based attacker to establish a CIP Security connection using a certificate whose issuing intermediate CA has been revoked. Because the controller does not honor the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) for a revoked intermediate, an attacker holding such a certificate can present it as trusted and bypass CIP Security authentication. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the vendor rates it CVSS 4.0 8.2 (High).

Local authenticated code execution in Rockwell Automation Studio 5000 Logix Designer allows any low-privileged authenticated user to tamper with the incorrectly-protected external-tools configuration file (CWE-863) and redirect a configured tool path to a malicious executable. Because the payload runs when a different user later invokes the external tools feature, this is effectively a privilege-crossing RCE against the engineering workstation. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV; exploitation is gated by high attack complexity, a specific attack requirement, and required victim interaction (CVSS 4.0 base 7.3).

Authentication bypass by spoofing in the Elixir ueberauth_apple strategy (0.1.0 through 0.6.1) allows full account takeover because the callback id_token's signature is checked against Apple's JWKS but its registered claims are never validated. Remote unauthenticated attackers who obtain any Apple-signed token carrying the victim's sub - an expired token or one issued to a sibling client in the same Apple developer team - can replay it to log in as the victim. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the vendor-confirmed fix (0.6.2) and a clear replay path make this a high-priority auth flaw; EPSS and KEV data were not provided.

Authentication bypass in Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk Services Platform (FTSP) lets an authenticated low-privilege user forge JWT tokens during Okta Web Authentication because the application fails to enforce the RSA signing algorithm, permitting the classic 'alg:none' attack. A successful attacker can impersonate any authorized user, reaching system configuration and granting permissions to other systems that FTSP protects. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the alg:none technique is well documented and trivially reproducible once access is obtained.

Unauthenticated remote command execution on Rockwell Automation's 1715-AENTR EtherNet/IP Adapter arises from a network-accessible debug port that enforces no privilege controls, exposing intrusive CLI commands to any attacker who can reach the device. An unauthenticated remote actor can read and delete files, halt tasks, modify memory, and manipulate physical I/O states, giving full control over device confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Rated CVSS 4.0 10.0 (Critical) with subsequent-system impact; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Authentication bypass in JetBrains YouTrack allows attackers to obtain full administrative access by leveraging a direct-database-access code path, per CWE-306 (missing authentication for a critical function). All self-hosted YouTrack builds prior to the 2026.1.13757 / 2025.3.148033 / 2025.2.148048 / 2025.1.148120 / 2024.3.148430 / 2024.2.148429 fix trains are affected, and JetBrains rates it CVSS 10.0. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the maximal severity score and administrative impact make prompt patching essential.

Broken object-level authorization in the Sesame Time web application and its REST v3 API lets remote attackers hijack another user's session by presenting a valid session identifier (USID), because the platform treats the USID as a bearer credential and never verifies that it belongs to the requester. Any attacker who obtains a valid USID can read a victim's confidential data - emails, user IDs, roles and corporate information - and the weakness is compounded by session sprawl, since new logins mint additional USIDs without invalidating prior ones. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Authentication bypass in Siemens Opcenter X (all versions before V2604) lets an unauthenticated remote attacker forge JSON Web Tokens by exploiting improper validation of the algorithm field in the JWT header. Because the application trusts the attacker-controlled 'alg' value, an attacker can craft tokens that impersonate any user - including administrators - yielding full unauthorized access to the manufacturing operations platform. Rated CVSS 10.0 with a scope-changing critical impact; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not currently in CISA KEV.

Remote code execution in the Argo CD repo-server component (as shipped in Red Hat OpenShift GitOps and the argoproj argo-helm chart) allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the repo-server to run arbitrary code and, under certain conditions, poison cached manifests to push malicious Kubernetes resources into managed clusters, enabling full cluster takeover. The root cause is missing authentication (CWE-306) on a critical internal service that the default Helm chart left network-exposed. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but detailed third-party technical research (Synacktiv) and press coverage exist, and the flaw was reported unpatched at disclosure.

SQL injection and input-validation weaknesses in the Snowflake Spark Connector (spark-snowflake) before version 3.2.1 let attackers exfiltrate OAuth client credentials, run arbitrary SQL under the connector's Snowflake role, and redirect COPY data-loading operations to attacker-controlled storage. Reported by Snowflake, the flaws are most dangerous in shared/multi-tenant Spark clusters where injected SQL executes with the cluster admin's JDBC credentials, enabling credential theft and privilege escalation. Rated CVSS 4.0 9.2 (Critical); no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Security constraint bypass in Apache Tomcat (8.5.0-8.5.100, 9.0.0.M1-9.0.119, 10.1.0-M1-10.1.56, 11.0.0-M1-11.0.23) lets remote attackers reach protected resources by abusing improperly handled hex URL encoding in the RewriteValve, defeating URL-pattern security constraints. Because the flaw resides in the rewrite valve, only deployments that use the RewriteValve together with security constraints are exposed, but where present an unauthenticated attacker (per CVSS PR:N) can access or manipulate resources meant to be restricted. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; EPSS data was not provided.

Missing authentication on Apache Doris Frontend (FE) HTTP REST administrative APIs allows any unauthenticated attacker with network reach to the FE HTTP service to invoke privileged administrative operations, degrading cluster integrity and availability up to full denial of service. All Apache Doris releases before 3.1.0 (per EUVD, the 2.1.0 through pre-3.1.0 line) are affected, and a fixed release exists in 3.1.0. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; the 9.1 Critical CVSS reflects the trivial unauthenticated network exploitability rather than confirmed in-the-wild use.

Kimai's REST API accepts the KIMAI_SESSION cookie that is issued after password verification but before the TOTP step, so anyone who knows an account password can obtain fully authenticated API access without ever supplying the second factor. The flaw affects any Kimai instance with two-factor authentication enabled and only benefits attackers who already hold the victim's password, but it defeats the exact protection 2FA is meant to provide. It is fixed in Kimai 2.59.0; a proof-of-concept was submitted with the report but was removed from the public advisory, and no public exploit code is currently identified.

Unauthorized access in SAP Approuter arises because the component fails to validate incoming request headers during the OAuth2 login flow under certain configurations (CWE-601, open redirect). An unauthenticated remote attacker who lures a victim into clicking a crafted link can hijack the authentication flow to gain high-confidentiality and high-integrity access to the application. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, low-complexity nature (CVSS 8.1) makes it a meaningful patch priority for SAP BTP/Cloud Foundry environments.

Complete account takeover in FacturaScripts (<= 2026.2) lets an unauthenticated network attacker hijack any 2FA-enabled account, including admins, by brute-forcing the /login?action=two-factor-validation endpoint. The handler issues a full session cookie on a matching TOTP without verifying the password, requiring a CSRF token, or enforcing any rate limit, and an over-wide verification window keeps ~17 codes valid at once. Publicly available exploit code exists (a working Python PoC in the GitHub advisory GHSA-c67f-gmxw-mj93); no active exploitation has been reported in CISA KEV.

Broken access control in Cockpit CMS's Bucket file storage API (/system/buckets/api) lets any authenticated user, regardless of assigned role, execute all bucket file operations (list, upload, delete, rename, create folder) against any named bucket - including admin-only buckets. VulnCheck reported the flaw and publicly available exploit code exists (proof-of-concept gist), but there is no evidence of active exploitation. With a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 and full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact on stored files, it enables privilege escalation of file-storage capabilities across tenant boundaries within the CMS.

Unauthenticated information disclosure in 9Router (decolua/9router) through version 0.4.41 lets remote attackers read every user's AI request logs and full conversation histories by querying the /api/usage/request-logs and /api/usage/request-details endpoints, which ship without authentication middleware. Exposed data includes system prompts, user and assistant messages, tool calls, and user email addresses, and the linked GHSA advisory shows the same missing-auth flaw class also leaks plaintext provider API keys via /api/usage/stats and permits unauthenticated CRUD on /api/providers. This is a network-reachable, no-privilege flaw (CVSS 4.0 8.7) with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis.

Unauthenticated API key disclosure in 9Router (npm package '9router' by decolua) through version 0.4.41 lets any remote attacker retrieve full plaintext API keys for every connected AI provider by issuing a single GET to the /api/usage/stats endpoint, which lacks authentication middleware. The same missing-auth flaw class extends to unauthenticated CRUD on /api/providers and exposure of full conversation histories, so an attacker can harvest credentials, hijack provider accounts, and commit billing fraud or quota exhaustion. Reported by VulnCheck with a critical CVSS 4.0 base of 9.3; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis.

Authorization bypass in OpenClaw (versions 2026.3.22 up to but not including 2026.6.6) lets a lower-trust WhatsApp sender satisfy elevated sender allowlists because WhatsApp group IDs are accepted as if they were privileged individual sender identities. An authenticated but low-privilege attacker can therefore invoke actions gated behind stronger authorization, effectively escalating privilege within the messaging integration. Reported by VulnCheck with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.7 (high); no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Authorization bypass in OpenClaw 2026.5.20 through 2026.6.5 lets a low-privilege caller invoke owner-only tools through the MCP loopback feature, escalating beyond intended permissions to execute or persist privileged actions. The flaw stems from incorrect permission enforcement (CWE-732) on configured input paths reachable over the network. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.