Authentication Bypass

auth CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

How It Works

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications. Instead of cracking passwords through brute force, attackers manipulate the authentication process itself to gain unauthorized entry. This typically occurs through one of several pathways: exploiting hardcoded credentials embedded in source code or configuration files, manipulating parameters in authentication requests to skip verification steps, or leveraging broken session management that fails to properly validate user identity.

The attack flow often begins with reconnaissance to identify authentication endpoints and their underlying logic. Attackers may probe for default administrative credentials that were never changed, test whether certain URL paths bypass login requirements entirely, or intercept and modify authentication tokens to escalate privileges. In multi-step authentication processes, flaws in state management can allow attackers to complete only partial verification steps while still gaining full access.

More sophisticated variants exploit single sign-on (SSO) or OAuth implementations where misconfigurations in trust relationships allow attackers to forge authentication assertions. Parameter tampering—such as changing a "role=user" field to "role=admin" in a request—can trick poorly designed systems into granting elevated access without proper verification.

Impact

Complete account takeover — attackers gain full control of user accounts, including administrative accounts, without knowing legitimate credentials
Unauthorized data access — ability to view, modify, or exfiltrate sensitive information including customer data, financial records, and intellectual property
System-wide compromise — admin-level access enables installation of backdoors, modification of security controls, and complete infrastructure takeover
Lateral movement — bypassed authentication provides a foothold for moving deeper into networks and accessing additional systems
Compliance violations — unauthorized access triggers breach notification requirements and regulatory penalties

Real-World Examples

CrushFTP suffered a critical authentication bypass allowing attackers to access file-sharing functionality without any credentials. The vulnerability enabled direct server-side template injection, leading to remote code execution on affected systems. Attackers actively exploited this in the wild to establish persistent access to enterprise file servers.

Palo Alto's Expedition migration tool contained a flaw permitting attackers to reset administrative credentials without authentication. This allowed complete takeover of the migration environment, potentially exposing network configurations and security policies being transferred between systems.

SolarWinds Web Help Desk (CVE-2024-28987) shipped with hardcoded internal credentials that could not be changed through normal administrative functions. Attackers discovering these credentials gained full administrative access to helpdesk systems containing sensitive organizational information and user data.

Mitigation

Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) — requires attackers to compromise additional verification factors beyond bypassed primary authentication
Eliminate hardcoded credentials — use secure credential management systems and rotate all default credentials during deployment
Enforce authentication on all endpoints — verify every request requires valid authentication; no "hidden" administrative paths should exist
Implement proper session management — use cryptographically secure session tokens, validate on server-side, enforce timeout policies
Apply principle of least privilege — limit damage by ensuring even authenticated users only access necessary resources
Regular security testing — conduct penetration testing specifically targeting authentication logic and flows

Recent CVEs (33016)

CVE-2020-2272 Maven

EPSS 1% CVSS 4.3

MEDIUM This Month

A missing permission check in Jenkins ElasTest Plugin 1.2.1 and earlier allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Jenkins Authentication Bypass Elastest

NVD

CVE-2020-2267 Maven

EPSS 1% CVSS 4.3

MEDIUM This Month

A missing permission check in Jenkins MongoDB Plugin 1.3 and earlier allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to gain access to some metadata of any arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Jenkins Authentication Bypass MongoDB

NVD

CVE-2020-2260 Maven

EPSS 1% CVSS 4.3

MEDIUM PATCH This Month

A missing permission check in Jenkins Perfecto Plugin 1.17 and earlier allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP URL using attacker-specified credentials. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Jenkins Authentication Bypass Perfecto

NVD

CVE-2020-2258 Maven

EPSS 1% CVSS 4.3

MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Jenkins Health Advisor by CloudBees Plugin 3.2.0 and earlier does not correctly perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint, allowing attackers with Overall/Read permission to view that HTTP. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Jenkins Authentication Bypass Health Advisor By Cloudbees

NVD

CVE-2020-2255 Maven

EPSS 1% CVSS 4.3

MEDIUM PATCH This Month

A missing permission check in Jenkins Blue Ocean Plugin 1.23.2 and earlier allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Jenkins Authentication Bypass Blue Ocean

NVD

CVE-2020-7297

EPSS 0% CVSS 5.7

MEDIUM This Month

Privilege Escalation vulnerability in McAfee Web Gateway (MWG) prior to 9.2.1 allows authenticated user interface user to access protected dashboard data via improper access control in the user. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.