Cf Deployment
Monthly
Adversary-in-the-middle credential theft and privilege escalation affects Cloud Foundry UAA (User Account and Authentication server) prior to v78.13.0 and cf-deployment prior to v56.2.0, where LDAP StartTLS unconditionally disables TLS hostname verification. An attacker positioned on the network path between UAA and its LDAP directory can present any certificate issued by any trusted CA to impersonate the directory, harvesting the LDAP bind password plus every end-user password submitted during simple-bind authentication and injecting forged group memberships that grant attacker-controlled admin scopes. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, no CISA KEV listing, and EPSS was not provided, but the CVSS 4.0 base score is 9.3 (Critical).
Authentication bypass in Cloud Foundry UAA (User Account and Authentication) versions 2.0.0 through 78.13.0 allows remote attackers to forge SAML assertions and impersonate users by exploiting a logic flaw where XML encryption was accepted as a substitute for XML signature verification. Because the Service Provider's public encryption key is published in SAML metadata, any party - not just a trusted Identity Provider - can craft encrypted-but-unsigned assertions that UAA will decrypt and trust, breaking the identity-assurance guarantee of SAML. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the cryptographic confusion (CWE-347) is well-understood and the impact (full identity spoofing into the platform IAM) is severe.
Private key disclosure in Cloud Foundry UAA versions v76.12.0 through v78.12.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve Elliptic Curve (EC) private key material from the public /token_keys endpoint, which is supposed to expose only public verification keys. With the leaked private keys, attackers can forge arbitrary JWTs and impersonate any UAA-authenticated identity across the platform. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the CVSS 10.0 score and trivial reproduction step (a single unauthenticated HTTP GET) make weaponization straightforward once the issue is widely known.
Authentication bypass in Cloud Foundry's cf-auth-proxy (log-cache_release through v3.2.6) lets a remote unauthenticated attacker mint a JWT that the proxy accepts as a valid logs.admin token, granting read access to every application and platform-component log and metric across the foundation. CVSS 7.5 with AV:N/AC:L/PR:N reflects trivially-reachable, network-based exploitation; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS vector includes E:P indicating proof-of-concept maturity per the issuing CNA (VMware).
Privilege escalation in Cloud Foundry smb-volume-release (prior to v3.60.0) and CF Deployment (prior to v56.0.0) lets a low-privileged CF space developer smuggle arbitrary CIFS mount options past the mount-option allowlist, gaining kernel-level mount control on shared Diego cells. The flaw maps to CWE-88 (argument injection) and carries CVSS 8.1 with low-privilege network exploitation; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Route Services in Cloud Foundry Routing Release v0.118.0-v0.371.0 and CF Deployment v0.0.2-v54.14.0 allow authenticated malicious developers to bypass application egress rules by configuring route-services that redirect traffic to internal network destinations otherwise unreachable from external networks or the application itself. This affects the scope of the routing infrastructure, enabling information disclosure and potential lateral movement within the Gorouter network.
Cloudfoundry UAA versions 77.30.0 through 78.7.0 and Cloudfoundry Deployment versions 48.7.0 through 54.10.0 contain a logic error in the token revocation endpoint that allows authenticated users to inadvertently revoke tokens belonging to other users. An attacker with valid credentials could exploit this flaw to disrupt service availability by invalidating legitimate user sessions without authorization.
Cloud Foundry UAA release versions from v77.21.0 to v7.31.0 are vulnerable to a private key exposure in logs. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.0). No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of requests in Routing Release > v0.273.0 and <= v0.297.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to degrade the service availability of the Cloud Foundry deployment if performed at. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud foundry routing release versions prior to 0.278.0 are vulnerable to abuse of HTTP Hop-by-Hop Headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Cloud foundry routing release versions from 0.262.0 and prior to 0.266.0,a bug in the gorouter process can lead to a denial of service of applications hosted on Cloud Foundry. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Cloud foundry instances having CAPI version between 1.140 and 1.152.0 along with loggregator-agent v7+ may override other users syslog drain credentials if they're aware of the client certificate. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Controller versions prior to 1.118.0 are vulnerable to unauthenticated denial of Service(DoS) vulnerability allowing unauthenticated attackers to cause denial of service by using REST HTTP. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In UAA versions prior to 75.3.0, sensitive information like relaying secret of the provider was revealed in response when deletion request of an identity provider( IdP) of type “oauth 1.0” was sent. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Controller API versions prior to 1.106.0 logs service broker credentials if the default value of db logging config field is changed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CAPI (Cloud Controller) versions prior to 1.101.0 are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack in which an unauthenticated malicious attacker can send specially-crafted YAML files to certain. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Routing (Gorouter) versions prior to 0.206.0 allow a malicious developer with "cf push" access to cause denial-of-service to the CF cluster by pushing an app that returns specially. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry CAPI (Cloud Controller) versions prior to 1.98.0 allow authenticated users having only the "cloud_controller.read" scope, but no roles in any spaces, to list all droplets in all spaces. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry CAPI (Cloud Controller), versions prior to 1.97.0, when used in a deployment where an app domain is also the system domain (which is true in the default CF Deployment manifest), were. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Routing (Gorouter), versions prior to 0.204.0, when used in a deployment with NGINX reverse proxies in front of the Gorouters, is potentially vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks in. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Go before 1.13.13 and 1.14.x before 1.14.5 has a data race in some net/http servers, as demonstrated by the httputil.ReverseProxy Handler, because it reads a request body and writes a response at the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
In Cloud Foundry UAA, versions prior to 74.14.0, a CSRF vulnerability exists due to the OAuth2 state parameter not being checked in the callback function when authenticating with external identity. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Cloud Controller (CAPI), versions prior to 1.91.0, logs properties of background jobs when they are run, which may include sensitive information such as credentials if provided to the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Cloud Controller API (CAPI), version 1.88.0, allows space developers to list all global service brokers, including service broker URLs and GUIDs, which should only be accessible to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry UAA Release, versions prior to v74.10.0, when set to logging level DEBUG, logs client_secret credentials when sent as a query parameter. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry UAA Release, versions prior to v74.8.0, logs all query parameters to tomcat’s access file. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Routing, all versions before 0.193.0, does not properly validate nonce input. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry SMB Volume, versions prior to v2.0.3, accidentally outputs sensitive information to the logs. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry UAA, versions prior to v74.3.0, contains an endpoint that is vulnerable to SCIM injection attack. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry NFS Volume Service, 1.7.x versions prior to 1.7.11 and 2.x versions prior to 2.3.0, is vulnerable to LDAP injection. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry cf-deployment, versions prior to 7.9.0, contain java components that are using an insecure protocol to fetch dependencies when building. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Diego, release versions prior to 2.8.0, does not properly sanitize file paths in tar and zip files headers. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry routing-release, versions prior to 0.175.0, lacks sanitization for user-provided X-Forwarded-Proto headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Foundation UAA, versions 4.12.X and 4.13.X, introduced a feature which could allow privilege escalation across identity zones for clients performing offline validation. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Garden-runC, versions prior to 1.13.0, does not correctly enforce disc quotas for Docker image layers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Garden-runC, versions prior to 1.11.0, contains an information exposure vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In cf-deployment before 1.14.0 and routing-release before 0.172.0, the Cloud Foundry Gorouter mishandles WebSocket requests for AWS Application Load Balancers (ALBs) and some other HTTP-aware Load. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Cloud Controller versions prior to 1.46.0, cf-deployment versions prior to 1.3.0, and cf-release versions prior to 283, Cloud Controller accepts refresh tokens for authentication where access. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Cloud Foundry Foundation capi-release (all versions prior to 1.45.0), cf-release (all versions prior to v280), and cf-deployment (all versions prior to v1.0.0). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Cloud Foundry Foundation cf-deployment v0.35.0, a misconfiguration with Loggregator and syslog-drain causes logs to be drained to unintended locations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Adversary-in-the-middle credential theft and privilege escalation affects Cloud Foundry UAA (User Account and Authentication server) prior to v78.13.0 and cf-deployment prior to v56.2.0, where LDAP StartTLS unconditionally disables TLS hostname verification. An attacker positioned on the network path between UAA and its LDAP directory can present any certificate issued by any trusted CA to impersonate the directory, harvesting the LDAP bind password plus every end-user password submitted during simple-bind authentication and injecting forged group memberships that grant attacker-controlled admin scopes. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, no CISA KEV listing, and EPSS was not provided, but the CVSS 4.0 base score is 9.3 (Critical).
Authentication bypass in Cloud Foundry UAA (User Account and Authentication) versions 2.0.0 through 78.13.0 allows remote attackers to forge SAML assertions and impersonate users by exploiting a logic flaw where XML encryption was accepted as a substitute for XML signature verification. Because the Service Provider's public encryption key is published in SAML metadata, any party - not just a trusted Identity Provider - can craft encrypted-but-unsigned assertions that UAA will decrypt and trust, breaking the identity-assurance guarantee of SAML. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the cryptographic confusion (CWE-347) is well-understood and the impact (full identity spoofing into the platform IAM) is severe.
Private key disclosure in Cloud Foundry UAA versions v76.12.0 through v78.12.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve Elliptic Curve (EC) private key material from the public /token_keys endpoint, which is supposed to expose only public verification keys. With the leaked private keys, attackers can forge arbitrary JWTs and impersonate any UAA-authenticated identity across the platform. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the CVSS 10.0 score and trivial reproduction step (a single unauthenticated HTTP GET) make weaponization straightforward once the issue is widely known.
Authentication bypass in Cloud Foundry's cf-auth-proxy (log-cache_release through v3.2.6) lets a remote unauthenticated attacker mint a JWT that the proxy accepts as a valid logs.admin token, granting read access to every application and platform-component log and metric across the foundation. CVSS 7.5 with AV:N/AC:L/PR:N reflects trivially-reachable, network-based exploitation; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS vector includes E:P indicating proof-of-concept maturity per the issuing CNA (VMware).
Privilege escalation in Cloud Foundry smb-volume-release (prior to v3.60.0) and CF Deployment (prior to v56.0.0) lets a low-privileged CF space developer smuggle arbitrary CIFS mount options past the mount-option allowlist, gaining kernel-level mount control on shared Diego cells. The flaw maps to CWE-88 (argument injection) and carries CVSS 8.1 with low-privilege network exploitation; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Route Services in Cloud Foundry Routing Release v0.118.0-v0.371.0 and CF Deployment v0.0.2-v54.14.0 allow authenticated malicious developers to bypass application egress rules by configuring route-services that redirect traffic to internal network destinations otherwise unreachable from external networks or the application itself. This affects the scope of the routing infrastructure, enabling information disclosure and potential lateral movement within the Gorouter network.
Cloudfoundry UAA versions 77.30.0 through 78.7.0 and Cloudfoundry Deployment versions 48.7.0 through 54.10.0 contain a logic error in the token revocation endpoint that allows authenticated users to inadvertently revoke tokens belonging to other users. An attacker with valid credentials could exploit this flaw to disrupt service availability by invalidating legitimate user sessions without authorization.
Cloud Foundry UAA release versions from v77.21.0 to v7.31.0 are vulnerable to a private key exposure in logs. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.0). No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of requests in Routing Release > v0.273.0 and <= v0.297.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to degrade the service availability of the Cloud Foundry deployment if performed at. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud foundry routing release versions prior to 0.278.0 are vulnerable to abuse of HTTP Hop-by-Hop Headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Cloud foundry routing release versions from 0.262.0 and prior to 0.266.0,a bug in the gorouter process can lead to a denial of service of applications hosted on Cloud Foundry. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Cloud foundry instances having CAPI version between 1.140 and 1.152.0 along with loggregator-agent v7+ may override other users syslog drain credentials if they're aware of the client certificate. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Controller versions prior to 1.118.0 are vulnerable to unauthenticated denial of Service(DoS) vulnerability allowing unauthenticated attackers to cause denial of service by using REST HTTP. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In UAA versions prior to 75.3.0, sensitive information like relaying secret of the provider was revealed in response when deletion request of an identity provider( IdP) of type “oauth 1.0” was sent. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Controller API versions prior to 1.106.0 logs service broker credentials if the default value of db logging config field is changed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CAPI (Cloud Controller) versions prior to 1.101.0 are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack in which an unauthenticated malicious attacker can send specially-crafted YAML files to certain. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Routing (Gorouter) versions prior to 0.206.0 allow a malicious developer with "cf push" access to cause denial-of-service to the CF cluster by pushing an app that returns specially. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry CAPI (Cloud Controller) versions prior to 1.98.0 allow authenticated users having only the "cloud_controller.read" scope, but no roles in any spaces, to list all droplets in all spaces. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry CAPI (Cloud Controller), versions prior to 1.97.0, when used in a deployment where an app domain is also the system domain (which is true in the default CF Deployment manifest), were. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Routing (Gorouter), versions prior to 0.204.0, when used in a deployment with NGINX reverse proxies in front of the Gorouters, is potentially vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks in. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Go before 1.13.13 and 1.14.x before 1.14.5 has a data race in some net/http servers, as demonstrated by the httputil.ReverseProxy Handler, because it reads a request body and writes a response at the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
In Cloud Foundry UAA, versions prior to 74.14.0, a CSRF vulnerability exists due to the OAuth2 state parameter not being checked in the callback function when authenticating with external identity. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Cloud Controller (CAPI), versions prior to 1.91.0, logs properties of background jobs when they are run, which may include sensitive information such as credentials if provided to the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Cloud Controller API (CAPI), version 1.88.0, allows space developers to list all global service brokers, including service broker URLs and GUIDs, which should only be accessible to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry UAA Release, versions prior to v74.10.0, when set to logging level DEBUG, logs client_secret credentials when sent as a query parameter. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry UAA Release, versions prior to v74.8.0, logs all query parameters to tomcat’s access file. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Routing, all versions before 0.193.0, does not properly validate nonce input. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry SMB Volume, versions prior to v2.0.3, accidentally outputs sensitive information to the logs. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry UAA, versions prior to v74.3.0, contains an endpoint that is vulnerable to SCIM injection attack. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry NFS Volume Service, 1.7.x versions prior to 1.7.11 and 2.x versions prior to 2.3.0, is vulnerable to LDAP injection. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry cf-deployment, versions prior to 7.9.0, contain java components that are using an insecure protocol to fetch dependencies when building. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Diego, release versions prior to 2.8.0, does not properly sanitize file paths in tar and zip files headers. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry routing-release, versions prior to 0.175.0, lacks sanitization for user-provided X-Forwarded-Proto headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Foundation UAA, versions 4.12.X and 4.13.X, introduced a feature which could allow privilege escalation across identity zones for clients performing offline validation. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Garden-runC, versions prior to 1.13.0, does not correctly enforce disc quotas for Docker image layers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Cloud Foundry Garden-runC, versions prior to 1.11.0, contains an information exposure vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In cf-deployment before 1.14.0 and routing-release before 0.172.0, the Cloud Foundry Gorouter mishandles WebSocket requests for AWS Application Load Balancers (ALBs) and some other HTTP-aware Load. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Cloud Controller versions prior to 1.46.0, cf-deployment versions prior to 1.3.0, and cf-release versions prior to 283, Cloud Controller accepts refresh tokens for authentication where access. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Cloud Foundry Foundation capi-release (all versions prior to 1.45.0), cf-release (all versions prior to v280), and cf-deployment (all versions prior to v1.0.0). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Cloud Foundry Foundation cf-deployment v0.35.0, a misconfiguration with Loggregator and syslog-drain causes logs to be drained to unintended locations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.