Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessLure victim to malicious page
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ExploitDeliver crafted print/output content
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ExecutionTrigger resource exhaustion in Printing: Output
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ImpactCrash browser (denial of service)
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Resource consumption limits
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the victim to use Firefox to render or print attacker-controlled content that reaches the Printing: Output code path, consistent with CVSS UI:R - the crash does not occur without this user-initiated action. No authentication is required (PR:N), and the vector is network-delivered (AV:N), but the mandatory user interaction and availability-only impact are the key limiting factors: there is no code execution, data exposure, or persistence, and affected builds are limited to Firefox before 158 and Firefox ESR before 153.5. |
| Impact | This is a moderate-severity denial-of-service issue rather than a top-tier priority. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, base 6.5) indicates a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated condition whose sole impact is availability (A:H) with no confidentiality or integrity loss - consistent with the CWE-400 resource-exhaustion classification and the 'Printing: Output' component described by Mozilla. The required user interaction (UI:R) is a meaningful limiter: a victim must take an action (load/print malicious content) for the crash to trigger. All exploitation signals point the same direction and are low: CISA SSVC reports Exploitation=none, Automatable=no, and Technical Impact=partial, there is no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit was identified in the provided data. No EPSS score was supplied, so widespread-exploitation probability cannot be independently quantified. The signals are internally consistent (no conflict between CVSS, SSVC, and KEV); the only gap is the absent EPSS value. Net: a browser-crash DoS worth patching in normal cycles, not an emergency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker hosts or injects web content that, when the victim renders or prints it via Firefox, drives the Printing: Output component into excessive resource consumption and crashes the browser (CWE-400). No public exploit code was identified, and exploitation yields only a crash - no code execution or data disclosure. Because user interaction is required, the attacker must lure the victim into visiting the page or triggering the print path. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 13, 2026
A denial-of-service condition in the Firefox Printing: Output component lets attacker-controlled content crash or hang the browser when a victim prints or renders it, and Mozilla has fixed the issue in Firefox 158 and Firefox ESR 153.5. Exploitation requires the victim to trigger the printing code path with attacker-supplied content, consistent with the assessed CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H vector: network-delivered and unauthenticated, but gated by mandatory user interaction and limited to availability-only impact with no code execution, data exposure, or persistence. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA's SSVC assessment records exploitation as none with automatable set to no, so this is a moderate-severity availability bug rather than a top-tier priority.
RemediationAI
Apply the vendor-released patch by upgrading to Firefox 158 or Firefox ESR 153.5, the exact fixed versions identified by Mozilla; administrators managing fleets should push the ESR 153.5 build where the ESR channel is mandated, and verify the applied version in the browser's about dialog or via enterprise inventory before closing the finding. Where immediate upgrade is not possible, restrict exposure by disabling printing of untrusted content - for managed environments the Firefox enterprise policy for printing (PrintingEnabled set to false in policies.json) blocks the print entry points that reach the vulnerable Printing: Output path, at the cost of removing legitimate printing for all users; a less disruptive compensating control is to train users not to print or preview pages from untrusted or unsolicited sources and to prefer saving content as PDF through a trusted viewer instead, though this is behavioral and not reliably enforceable. Because the impact is availability-only and requires user interaction, network-level blocking or WAF rules are not effective controls here. Full technical details and confirmation of the fix are available in Mozilla's advisories at https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-106/ and https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-108/.
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is classified as CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) and lives in the Printing: Output component of the Gecko rendering and print pipeline used by Firefox. When a document or page containing specially crafted content is sent to a print output path, the component fails to bound its resource usage, producing a crash or hang that affects the browser's availability rather than its confidentiality or integrity; the CVSS vector confirms this with C:N/I:N/A:H. The attack surface is the print rendering subsystem, which is reachable remotely (AV:N) with no privileges (PR:N) and low complexity (AC:L), but the UI:R component means the victim must initiate the print or preview action for the malformed content to be processed. The CPE record cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* identifies the Mozilla Firefox product line as the affected technology, with the desktop Firefox release channel and the ESR channel both covered by Mozilla advisories mfsa2026-106 and mfsa2026-108.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Network-delivered content with no auth (AV:N/PR:N) but requiring the user to render/print (UI:R); impact is a browser crash only, so C:N/I:N/A:H and scope unchanged.
Primary rating from Vendor (mozilla).
CVSS VectorVendor: mozilla
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
Denial-of-service in the Printing: Output component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158 and Firefox ESR 153.5.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org
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EUVD-2026-98541
GHSA-wpf5-664j-pr8x
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB