Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft link with malicious encoded state param
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DeliveryDeliver link to victim via phishing
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ExploitVictim authenticates to legitimate RP
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ExecutionRP redirects browser to attacker URL
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ImpactHarvest credentials or leaked OIDC tokens
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security Redirect URL validation
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires that the target deployment actually uses Apache CXF's OIDC relying-party component (the RP/redirect handling code path), and requires a victim to be lured into initiating/completing an authentication flow via an attacker-supplied link - exploitation is not fully automatic. The flaw triggers on both directly-encoded and double-encoded external URLs placed in the preserved state parameter, depending on which validation path executes. Limiting factors: victim user interaction is mandatory, the OIDC RP feature must be enabled, and impact is confined to redirection (and any OIDC data carried through it) rather than server compromise. |
| Impact | This is CWE-601 open redirect in Apache CXF's OIDC relying-party component, where attacker-controlled OIDC state parameters are preserved and reused as post-authentication redirect targets without validating that the decoded URI belongs to the RP's origin. No CVSS vector, EPSS score, KEV listing, or POC is present in the input, so quantitative risk signals are entirely absent and cannot be compared - exploitation status is therefore 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' Judged on mechanism alone this is a moderate, not critical, issue: open redirects require victim user interaction (clicking an attacker-crafted authentication link) and typically yield phishing or OAuth/OIDC authorization-code/token leakage rather than direct code execution. The absence of a vendor CVSS score and of any exploitation telemetry means this should be treated as a patch-on-normal-cadence item rather than an emergency, though in OIDC flows open redirects can escalate in value because the redirect can carry sensitive tokens/codes - verify with the Apache advisory whether token leakage is in scope. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts an authentication link to a legitimate Apache CXF OIDC relying party, embedding a directly-encoded or double-encoded external URL in the state parameter. A victim clicks the link, authenticates normally, and after successful login the RP redirects the browser to the attacker-controlled site, enabling credential phishing or leakage of OIDC authorization data. No public exploit code is identified in the provided data. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 09, 2026
Open redirect in Apache CXF's OIDC relying-party component lets remote, unauthenticated attackers steer users to an attacker-controlled site by planting external URLs inside OIDC state parameters that the RP preserves and later reuses as a post-authentication redirect target. Only deployments that actually enable the OIDC relying-party code path are exposed, and a victim must be lured into initiating and completing an authentication flow through an attacker-supplied link, so exploitation is not fully automatic. Both directly encoded and double-encoded external URLs can slip past origin validation depending on which validation path runs; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, vendor-released fixes are available in 4.2.4, 4.1.9, and 3.6.13, and the assessed CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N reflects a low-severity redirect impact gated by mandatory user interaction.
RemediationAI
Upgrade Apache CXF to the vendor-released patch version matching your line: 4.2.4, 4.1.9, or 3.6.13 (per the Apache advisory at https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/xj0x1r617j1z8jtyypngvwhckb3o205h). Because the fix is version-line specific, verify the resolved artifacts and transitive dependencies actually land on the fixed build, and rebuild/redeploy anything that shades or repackages CXF. If immediate upgrade is not possible, the most effective compensating control is to stop exercising the vulnerable path: disable the OIDC relying-party feature or the endpoints that perform the RP redirect so preserved attacker state is never reused as a redirect target - the trade-off is loss of OIDC-based single sign-on for those applications. Where the RP must stay enabled, front the callback with an allowlist that rejects any post-authentication redirect whose decoded (and re-decoded) host is outside your RP origin, and log/alert on state values containing absolute or percent-encoded external URLs; this requires custom code and may break legitimate multi-host or deep-link setups. Additional containment includes restricting the OIDC callback endpoints to expected providers and monitoring for users being redirected off-origin after login, but note these reduce rather than eliminate exposure because the defect is in the framework's own redirect decision.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Apache CXF is a Java SOAP/REST web services framework, and its OIDC support implements the OpenID Connect relying-party (RP) role in the browser-based authorization code flow. In that flow the RP generates a state parameter, sends it to the OpenID Provider, and expects it back on the callback so it can correlate the response; CXF preserves attacker-supplied state and subsequently derives a redirect target from it. The root cause is CWE-601 (URL Redirection to Untrusted Site / open redirect): the final decoded URI is not checked against the RP's own origin before being used as the post-authentication destination. Because the validation logic differs between the directly encoded and double-encoded handling paths, external URLs can survive in either representation, so the origin check is bypassable in more than one way. The scope change in the assessed vector (S:C) follows from the redirect moving the victim's browser outside the vulnerable component's security authority, with low confidentiality and integrity impact rather than server compromise; the supplied CPE cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_cxf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* is a wildcard and does not narrow which CXF artifacts or versions bundle the affected OIDC RP classes, so exposure must be determined from the deployment's actual CXF version and feature usage.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Remote and low-complexity but requires a victim to click the crafted auth link (UI:R); scope changes as the redirect crosses to the victim's browser/other origin (S:C), with limited confidentiality/integrity impact and no availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (apache).
CVSS VectorVendor: apache
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
Apache CXF’s OIDC relying-party component could redirect users to an attacker-controlled URL after successful authentication. The issue occurs because attacker-controlled state parameters are preserved and later used as redirect targets without validating that the final decoded URI belongs to the RP’s origin. Both directly encoded and double-encoded external URLs can trigger the issue, depending on which validation path is used. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.4 or 4.1.9 or 3.6.13, which fix this issue.
Articles & Coverage 2
Executive ViewAI
Apache CXF deployments that enable the OIDC relying-party (RP) component are exposed to an open redirect flaw that allows an attacker to redirect users to a malicious site after authentication. Impact is contained to organizations running this optional OIDC RP code path, and exploitation requires tricking a user into clicking a crafted link and completing a login flow, so it is a phishing-enablement risk rather than a direct system compromise. Leadership should care because the redirect can lend the credibility of a trusted authentication domain to credential-harvesting or malware-delivery campaigns targeting employees or customers.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
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SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
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