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Zapros EUVDEUVD-2026-84182

| CVE-2026-61541 MEDIUM
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (CWE-770)
2026-09-21 GitHub_M GHSA-5vjj-2r48-q622
6.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: GitHub_M
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Induce victim app to fetch attacker server or follow redirect
  2. Exploit
    Return response with excessive chained Content-Encoding layers
  3. Execution
    Zapros builds deeply nested decompression chain
  4. Impact
    Excessive CPU/memory consumption denies service

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Resource allocation limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the application using Zapros (prior to 0.14.0) requests content from a server the attacker controls, or is made to follow a redirect to such a server - the attacker acts as the responding server, not as a client against the victim. The malicious response must contain an excessive number of chained Content-Encoding values so Zapros constructs a deeply nested decompression chain. Limiting factors: it only affects deployments that fetch untrusted/external URLs (or honor redirects to them) using unpatched Zapros; applications restricted to trusted internal endpoints are not exposed. The documented workaround (response middleware rejecting responses with too many Content-Encoding layers) also mitigates without upgrading.

Impact

This is a moderate-severity availability issue, not a high-priority emergency. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated trigger, but the only impact is VA:L - a partial availability/resource-consumption effect on the vulnerable system, with no confidentiality (VC:N) or integrity (VI:N) impact and no scope change to other systems. The 6.9 score is therefore driven entirely by ease of reach, not by impact magnitude. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' A key nuance the raw CVSS masks: this is a client-side HTTP library flaw, so 'unauthenticated network' really means the attacker must be (or must control, via a redirect) the server the victim application chooses to fetch from - the victim initiates the connection. That materially narrows real-world exploitability compared to a server-side unauth DoS. CWE-770 (uncontrolled resource consumption) is consistent with the described nested-decompression exhaustion. Bottom line: genuine but bounded DoS risk, best treated as routine patch-cadence remediation rather than an urgent out-of-band fix, weighted further down by the product's obscurity.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker stands up a malicious HTTP server (or an open redirect / attacker-controlled endpoint that a victim application is induced to follow) and returns a response whose Content-Encoding header chains an excessive number of encoding layers. When a pre-0.14.0 Zapros client fetches or is redirected to this response, it builds a deeply nested decompression chain that consumes excessive CPU/memory, degrading or denying service. No public exploit code was identified, but the technique is straightforward given the described root cause.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 21, 2026

Denial of service in Zapros prior to 0.14.0 allows a malicious or compromised server, or a redirect target, to exhaust resources by returning a response with an excessive number of chained Content-Encoding values, forcing Zapros to construct a deeply nested decompression chain. The vulnerability affects applications that fetch content from untrusted servers or follow redirects to them using unpatched Zapros; no public exploit is identified at time of analysis. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network-based, unauthenticated exploitation with only low availability impact (score 6.9), making this a moderate-severity availability issue rather than a high-priority emergency.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to Zapros 0.14.0, which patches the vulnerability by limiting responses to five content-encoding layers and raising a DecodingError when that limit is exceeded (vendor-released patch: 0.14.0). The advisory is available at https://github.com/kap-sh/zapros/security/advisories/GHSA-5vjj-2r48-q622. If upgrading immediately is not possible, implement response middleware that inspects the Content-Encoding header and rejects responses containing more than a safe number of encoding layers; this workaround may break legitimate deeply-encoded responses. Additionally, restrict the application to trusted internal endpoints and avoid following redirects to untrusted hosts, though such restrictions may reduce functionality if external content retrieval is required.

Affected VersionsENISA

zapros < 0.14.0

Affected Packages

pypi zapros fix: 0.14.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in pypi

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Zapros, a Python HTTP client distributed via the kap-sh GitHub organization, handles HTTP responses that may specify multiple Content-Encoding values (e.g., gzip, deflate, br) to indicate layered compression. Underlying this issue is CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling): prior to 0.14.0, Zapros placed no limit on the number of chained encodings it would honor, so a response with many Content-Encoding headers or a single header with a long list causes the library to build a nested decompression pipeline. Each layer of decompression consumes CPU and memory, and the cumulative effect can exhaust the client process's resources, degrading or halting service. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:kap-sh:zapros:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* and EUVD entry EUVD-2026-84182 confirm that all versions before 0.14.0 are affected.

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Severity by source

Vendor (GitHub_M) PRIMARY 6.9 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 5.3 MEDIUM

Network-delivered malicious response with low complexity and no auth/interaction at the protocol level; impact is limited resource-exhaustion availability only, so C:N/I:N/A:L.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).

CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

1
Patch available
Sep 21, 2026 - 22:02 EUVD

DescriptionCVE.org

Zapros, a Python HTTP client, prior to version 0.14.0 is vulnerable to denial of service when an application requests content from an untrusted server, or follows a redirect to one, because a malicious response containing an excessive number of chained Content-Encoding values causes Zapros to construct a deeply nested decompression chain that consumes excessive resources. Version 0.14.0 patches the vulnerability by limiting responses to five content-encoding layers and raising DecodingError when that limit is exceeded. As a workaround, applications can add response middleware that inspects the Content-Encoding header and rejects responses containing more than a safe number of encoding layers.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 83% exploitable
Prevalence
Rare
Obscure kap-sh Python HTTP client, no known enterprise footprint
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment GHSA GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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