Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate as low-role workspace member
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DeliveryEnumerate denied tool identifiers
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ExploitBind tool id via tool_ids/mcp_tool_ids in agent/workflow
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ExecutionDispatch bypasses per-tool grant check
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PersistTool executes and decrypts init_params
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ImpactExfiltrate returned credentials
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
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| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated MaxKB workspace account at the lowest role that has been explicitly DENIED a given tool through WorkspaceUserResourcePermission; the attacker must know or enumerate the identifier of the denied tool. Exploitation occurs specifically through the agent or workflow dispatch path (binding the id via tool_ids, skill_tool_ids, or mcp_tool_ids) - the dedicated tool routes correctly enforce the grant and are NOT the vector. Impact is meaningful only when the denied tool carries sensitive init_params/credentials. Limiting factors: valid low-privilege authentication is mandatory (not remote-unauthenticated), it is confined to versions 2.0.0 through 2.9.2, and no patch exists so mitigation must be operational (restrict tool credential exposure / workspace membership). |
| Impact | This is a genuine but access-gated privilege/authorization flaw, not a top-priority internet-wide crisis. The vendor CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N = 5.4) tells the real story: an authenticated, low-privilege caller is required (PR:L), so this is exploitable only by someone already inside a MaxKB workspace. No EPSS score, CISA KEV entry, or public POC is present in the supplied data, so the exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis' - do not treat this as actively exploited. The stated impacts (C:L/I:L) understate the credential-disclosure angle: because denied-tool execution decrypts server-side init_params and returns credentials to the caller, the confidentiality impact against those secrets is arguably C:H (those credentials can then be reused against upstream services), so 5.4 is a floor rather than a ceiling. Aggravating factor: NO fixed version exists as of this review, so defenders cannot patch and must rely on operational controls. Net: real priority for organizations running multi-tenant MaxKB workspaces with sensitive tool credentials, low priority for single-admin deployments. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A lowest-role member of a shared MaxKB workspace is explicitly denied access to a privileged tool (e.g., one holding an API key) by WorkspaceUserResourcePermission. The attacker crafts an agent or workflow definition that references the forbidden tool's identifier via tool_ids/skill_tool_ids/mcp_tool_ids and dispatches it; the dispatch path never re-checks the per-tool grant, executes the tool, decrypts its init_params, and hands the embedded credentials back to the caller. No public exploit code is identified, but the technique requires only ordinary API access and knowledge of the target tool id. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 21, 2026
Authenticated workspace members holding only the lowest MaxKB role can bypass the per-tool denial enforced by WorkspaceUserResourcePermission and execute tools they were explicitly denied in versions 2.0.0 through 2.9.2. The bypass works by binding a denied tool's identifier through tool_ids, skill_tool_ids, or mcp_tool_ids on the agent or workflow dispatch path, which does not re-apply the grant check that the dedicated tool routes perform, and because execution decrypts server-side init_params the caller can receive credentials carried by the denied tool. The flaw requires a valid low-privilege account (CVSS vector PR:L, unauthenticated attackers are not sufficient) and knowledge or enumeration of the denied tool's identifier; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no vendor patch, with the published score of 5.4 understating confidentiality impact relative to our assessment of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, and the advisory confirms no fixed version is available, so remediation must be operational. The most effective control is to avoid placing sensitive credentials in tool init_params for any tool that a low-privilege workspace member can reach, and to rotate the credentials of every tool that has been denied to a low-privilege member, since those are the exact values the dispatch path can decrypt and return; the trade-off is that some integrations will need alternative secret-injection mechanisms or a privileged execution proxy. Tighten workspace membership so that users holding the lowest role cannot create or edit agents and workflows that accept tool_ids, skill_tool_ids, or mcp_tool_ids - this directly removes the dispatch path leverage, at the cost of restricting normal builder workflows for junior users. Audit existing agent and workflow definitions for tool identifiers bound through those three fields where the same tool is denied to the authoring user, and treat any such binding as a prior exploitation attempt pending log review. If MaxKB is exposed to less-trusted tenants, network-level restrictions (VPN or allow-list in front of the instance) reduce exposure but do not fix the authorization gap for users who already have accounts. Monitor the GHSA-383v-fx78-pphm advisory page for a fixed release and apply it as soon as one is published; because the underlying defect is authorization logic in the dispatch path, upgrading is the only complete fix and the workarounds above should be treated as temporary compensating controls with the noted usability and operational costs.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
MaxKB is an open-source enterprise AI assistant built by 1Panel-dev that exposes agents, workflows, and MCP (Model Context Protocol) tool integrations. Access to individual tools is intended to be controlled by the WorkspaceUserResourcePermission model, and the dedicated tool routes do enforce that grant. The defect is CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key): the agent and workflow dispatch path accepts caller-supplied tool identifiers (tool_ids, skill_tool_ids, mcp_tool_ids) and resolves them to executable tools without re-checking the per-tool permission, so an object-reference-style substitution defeats the intended authorization. Compounding the issue, tool execution decrypts server-side init_params, meaning the response can surface credentials embedded in the denied tool's configuration rather than merely confirming the tool ran. The CPE record cpe:2.3:a:1panel-dev:maxkb:* carries no version constraint, so version scoping must come from the advisory, which limits impact to releases 2.0.0 through 2.9.2; the differentiator between exploitable and non-exploitable code paths is which route processes the tool invocation (dedicated tool routes enforce the grant, dispatch routes do not) and whether the denied tool stores sensitive init_params.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
PR:L because a valid low-role authenticated member is required; C:H because decrypted init_params expose reusable server-side credentials; I:L for unauthorized tool execution; no availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
DescriptionCVE.org
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. From version 2.0.0 through 2.9.2, a lowest-role workspace member denied access to a tool by WorkspaceUserResourcePermission can still bind its identifier through tool_ids, skill_tool_ids, or mcp_tool_ids and execute it through the agent or workflow dispatch path. The dispatch path does not reapply the per-tool grant enforced by dedicated tool routes, and tool execution decrypts server-side init_params, allowing the caller to receive credentials carried by the denied tool. No fixed version is available as of this review.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
MaxKB prior to version 1.10.8-lts contains an incomplete sandbox implementation that only blacklists binary execution in
Command injection in MaxKB before 2.10.5-lts allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands
Sandbox escape and privilege escalation in MaxKB 2.3.1 and earlier allow an attacker who can submit or trigger custom Py
Server-side request forgery in MaxKB before 2.10.0 allows any authenticated user holding the default workspace USER role
Authenticated workspace members on MaxKB deployments prior to 2.10.5-lts can escalate to root-level command execution by
OS command injection in MaxKB (1Panel-dev's open-source enterprise AI assistant) before 2.10.0-lts lets an authenticated
Server-side request forgery in MaxKB (open-source AI assistant from 1Panel-dev) allows an authenticated user with permis
Privilege escalation in MaxKB 2.3.1 and earlier allows an authenticated, low-privileged user to overwrite the built-in d
Authentication bypass in MaxKB (1Panel-dev) versions prior to 2.9.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to invoke we
Cross-workspace read and modification of model parameter defaults in MaxKB 2.10.3-lts and earlier is possible for an aut
MaxKB versions 2.7.1 and below allow authenticated users with tool execution privileges to bypass the LD_PRELOAD-based s
MaxKB versions 2.7.1 and below allow authenticated attackers with workspace privileges to execute arbitrary code by expl
EUVD-2026-84157
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
GitHub
Exploit-DB