Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessAttacker controls a guest vCPU on arm64 KVM host
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DeliveryDrive cached LPI injection and ITS DISCARD concurrently
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ExploitRace host vgic_v3_save_pending_tables iteration
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ExecutionFree struct vgic_irq via kfree_rcu during iteration
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PersistHost dereferences stale pointer
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ImpactHost-kernel memory corruption and crash (DoS)
Vulnerability Assessment
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an arm64 KVM host with vGICv3 emulation and LPI/ITS support, and a local guest with vCPU-level access (PR:L) able to drive ITS operations. Concretely, the attacker must trigger the irqfd cached injection path (vgic_its_check_cache) together with a guest ITS DISCARD that drops the final LPI reference, precisely while the host is executing vgic_v3_save_pending_tables() - a code path exercised during vGIC state save/migration. Exploitation is limited by this tight timing window (a genuine race, hence AC:H), by requiring GICv3-with-LPI configuration rather than GICv2, and by needing the save-pending-tables operation to be in flight; it is not reachable against a host that never performs the concurrent save path. |
| Impact | This is a use-after-free triggered by a race condition (CWE-416/CWE-362) in the arm64 KVM vGICv3 code path vgic_v3_save_pending_tables(), which iterates dist->lpi_xa under only transient RCU coverage and dereferences a struct vgic_irq that a concurrent irqfd cached-injection path plus a guest ITS DISCARD can free via kfree_rcu(). The vendor CVSS is 8.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), but several metrics look inflated for a narrow teardown/injection race: AC:L is questionable because triggering the stale-pointer dereference requires precisely interleaving the LPI reference-drop with an in-progress pending-table save (which itself typically runs only during vGIC state save/migration), so AC:H is more defensible. The confidentiality/integrity impact is also overstated - the practical outcome of a freed vgic_irq dereference is host-kernel memory corruption and crash (DoS-dominant), not a reliable read/write primitive, so C:H/I:H are optimistic. S:C is legitimate: a guest vCPU context influences and corrupts host-kernel state, crossing a security boundary. There is no KEV listing, no public POC, and no EPSS signal provided, so despite the high vendor score this is best treated as a real but lower-urgency host-stability/DoS issue affecting a specific platform (arm64 KVM with GICv3 LPIs/ITS), not a broadly weaponizable RCE. Note the input Tag 'Code Injection' conflicts with the actual vulnerability class (a UAF/race, not code injection) and the CWE field is N/A - verify classification with the kernel advisory. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A malicious or compromised guest on an arm64 KVM host with GICv3 emulation drives ITS operations (cached MSI/LPI injection via irqfd combined with an ITS DISCARD that drops the final LPI reference) while the host concurrently saves vGIC pending tables (e.g., during live migration or vGIC state save). Winning the race causes vgic_v3_save_pending_tables() to dereference and perform guest-memory accesses through a freed struct vgic_irq, corrupting host-kernel memory and crashing the host. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and the required interleaving makes reliable exploitation difficult. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 16, 2026
A use-after-free race in the arm64 KVM vGICv3 code path of the Linux kernel (vgic_v3_save_pending_tables) allows a locally authenticated guest with vCPU-level access to trigger a dangling-pointer dereference against host kernel memory. The flaw requires an arm64 KVM host configured with GICv3 LPI/ITS support, where a concurrent irqfd cached-injection plus a guest ITS DISCARD can free an LPI that the pending-table save loop still holds via a stale xarray iterator pointer; the practical outcome is a host-side crash/denial of service with limited integrity impact rather than a clean, reliable privilege escalation, and exploitation depends on a tight timing window (assessed AV:L/AC:H/PR:L, S:C, C:N/I:L/A:H). Vendor patches are available in Linux 6.18.51, 7.2.5, and 7.3-rc1; no public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation have been identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Apply the vendor-released patch by upgrading to Linux 6.18.51, 7.2.5, or 7.3-rc1 (or any later stable release containing the fix commits 7631f95297560157d3a9283cb999e3be00103348, d3a2d20b7248ea67465af1cf79c79f90ff70926c, or f5b8f203bfc07a5a257dff859e66d2c500f9f509); distribution kernels should be updated to the corresponding backport once available. If immediate patching is not possible, reduce exposure by running affected guests on hosts that do not use GICv3 LPI/ITS configurations or pinning/serializing vGIC state save operations (migration, snapshotting) so that vgic_v3_save_pending_tables() does not run concurrently with guest ITS traffic - the trade-off is reduced migration flexibility and no protection against a save that overlaps unavoidable ITS activity. Because the trigger requires local guest vCPU-level access (PR:L) and a tight race window, treating guests as untrusted and avoiding running untrusted tenants on arm64 KVM hosts without the fix is a meaningful compensating control, though it sacrifices multi-tenancy density. Kernel hardening such as hardened usercopy or SLUB freelist randomization may raise exploitation difficulty but does not remove the vulnerable dereference, and disabling KVM/arm64 ITS on hosts that do not require MSI passthrough fully avoids the code path at the cost of losing ITS-backed device assignment.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerable code lives in the arm64 KVM virtual GIC (vGIC) implementation, specifically the ITS/LPI support that maps MSIs to LPIs (Locality-specific Peripheral Interrupts) tracked in the per-VM xarray dist->lpi_xa. vgic_v3_save_pending_tables() is invoked when vGIC state is saved (for example during VM migration or state capture) and walks lpi_xa with xa_for_each(), which only guarantees RCU read-side coverage for the pointer lookup itself, not for the work done inside the loop body (reading struct vgic_irq fields and performing guest memory accesses). Because the loop did not take a stable reference, a concurrent path can drop the last reference: vgic_its_inject_cached_translation() acquires a transient LPI reference through vgic_its_check_cache() without holding kvm->lock, vcpu->mutex, config_lock, or its_lock, and if a guest-issued ITS DISCARD simultaneously drops the cache and ITE references under its_lock, the transient injection reference becomes the final one; vgic_put_irq() then erases the LPI from lpi_xa and releases it through kfree_rcu(), so the saver can dereference memory after the RCU grace period has elapsed. The upstream fix re-fetches each iterated LPI with vgic_get_irq() to hold a stable reference and releases it with vgic_put_irq() on every exit path, mirroring the pattern already used by other lpi_xa iterators in the vGIC ITS code. This is a combined use-after-free (CWE-416) and race condition (CWE-362) class issue, and it only manifests on hosts that actually run the concurrent save path with GICv3-with-LPI configuration; GICv2 hosts and hosts that never save pending tables are not reachable.
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Guest vCPU access is local with low privilege (AV:L/PR:L); the timing-dependent race gives AC:H; guest-to-host corruption crosses scope (S:C); impact is host crash/DoS (A:H) with minor integrity, no reliable confidentiality.
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
Primary rating from Vendor (Linux).
CVSS VectorVendor: Linux
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: arm64: vgic-v3: take an LPI reference in vgic_v3_save_pending_tables
vgic_v3_save_pending_tables() iterates dist->lpi_xa using xa_for_each() and dereferences the returned struct vgic_irq in the loop body without holding a reference on the LPI.
The xarray iterator only provides temporary RCU coverage while looking up the current entry. That is not sufficient for this loop body, which reads fields from struct vgic_irq and performs guest memory accesses before the iteration completes.
A concurrent path can trigger this race: the irqfd cached injection path (vgic_its_inject_cached_translation) obtains a transient LPI reference via vgic_its_check_cache() without holding kvm->lock, vcpu->mutex, config_lock, or its_lock. If guest ITS DISCARD then drops the cache and ITE references under its_lock, the transient inject reference may become the final one. When vgic_put_irq() drops it, the LPI is erased from lpi_xa and freed via kfree_rcu(). Meanwhile, vgic_v3_save_pending_tables() may still hold a stale pointer obtained from the xarray iterator and dereference it after the RCU grace period completes.
Fix this by re-fetching each iterated LPI via vgic_get_irq(), which takes a stable reference, and dropping it with vgic_put_irq() on all paths. This matches the pattern already used by other lpi_xa iterators in the vgic ITS code.
Executive ViewAI
A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's arm64 KVM vGICv3 code path can allow a locally authenticated guest with vCPU-level access to crash the host, disrupting all virtual machines on affected systems. Organizations running arm64 Linux hosts with KVM and GICv3 LPI/ITS support-especially multi-tenant or cloud environments-face availability risks. Vendor patches are available in Linux 6.18.51, 7.2.5, and 7.3-rc1, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
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Race conditions in the arm64 KVM path that invalidates VNCR translations can leave a stale stage-1 TLB entry installed f
Missed TLB invalidations in the arm64 KVM nested-virtualization path of the Linux kernel can leave stale translations fo
Range-based TLB invalidation in the arm64 KVM hypervisor of the Linux kernel is computed against the wrong address range
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Same technique Denial Of Service
View allVendor StatusVendor
SUSE
Severity: Moderate| Product | Status |
|---|---|
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 6 | Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 7 | Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-BCL | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-BCL | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-BCL | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy LTS 4.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server LTS 4.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server LTS 4.3 | Affected |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP5 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.3 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.4 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.4 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.5 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.5 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | Affected |
EUVD-2026-80513
GHSA-x7mw-48gf-2rxm
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB