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GCB Doctor EUVDEUVD-2026-64706

| CVE-2026-78211 CRITICAL
OS Command Injection (CWE-78)
2026-08-24 twcert GHSA-5jrp-qhfh-7jjg
9.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: twcert
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Identify exposed GCB Doctor host
  2. Delivery
    Request residual ADOdb test page
  3. Exploit
    Inject shell metacharacters in parameter
  4. Execution
    Server executes injected OS command
  5. Impact
    Gain remote code execution on server

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

The concrete prerequisite is that the vulnerable, un-removed ADOdb test page ships in the deployed build (any version before 20260621) and is reachable over the network; the attacker sends a crafted value in the specific test-page parameter that is passed to an OS command. Per the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N), there is no authentication, no user interaction, and no special attacker-side requirement - so against affected builds this is effectively unauthenticated remote exploitation with the only limiting factors being (1) network reachability of the GCB Doctor web interface and (2) the target running a build earlier than 20260621. Instances already updated to 20260621+ or with the test endpoint blocked/removed are not exploitable.

Impact

All available signals point to genuine high priority rather than an inflated CVSS number. The CVSS 4.0 vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H describes remote, low-complexity, unauthenticated exploitation with no user interaction and full confidentiality, integrity and availability impact on the vulnerable system - consistent with the description of unauthenticated remote command execution. No EPSS score, KEV listing, or SSVC decision data was provided in the input, so probabilistic and automatable-exploitation signals cannot be quantified; the absence of a KEV entry means there is no confirmation of active exploitation. No public exploit code was identified either, so the primary risk driver is the intrinsic ease of exploitation (no auth, no special config) combined with the availability of a fix that attackers can diff. Because command injection via a static endpoint is trivially scriptable, real-world risk should be treated as high despite the missing EPSS/KEV data.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker scans for internet-exposed 4MOSAn GCB Doctor instances and requests the leftover ADOdb test page, supplying a parameter value containing an OS command separator followed by their payload (for example a reverse shell or reconnaissance command). Because the endpoint requires no authentication and the parameter is passed to the OS shell, the command executes on the server with the privileges of the web application, giving the attacker a foothold in a single unauthenticated request. No public POC is identified at this time, but the network vector and low attack complexity make weaponization straightforward.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 1.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Aug 24, 2026

OS command injection in 4MOSAn GCB Doctor allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands via a leftover ADOdb test page whose parameter is passed into a shell context. The vulnerable component is a debug/test artifact (an ADOdb connection test page) that was never removed from production builds, so any internet-reachable instance before build 20260621 is exploitable with a single crafted request. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3 and the fully unauthenticated network vector make this a high-priority patch.

RemediationAI

Patch available per vendor advisory: upgrade 4MOSAn GCB Doctor to build 20260621 or later, which is the first fixed version according to the EUVD range (fixed at 20260621). Follow the TWCERT/CC advisory at https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11122-3d95a-2.html for vendor-specific update instructions. If immediate patching is not possible, the most effective compensating control is to block or remove the residual ADOdb test page - restrict access to the vulnerable diagnostic/test endpoint at the web server or WAF layer (deny requests to the ADOdb test script path), which directly removes the injection surface with minimal functional impact since it is a non-production debug artifact. Additionally restrict network exposure of the GCB Doctor management interface to trusted administrative networks or a VPN, and add WAF rules to block shell metacharacters (;, |, &, `, $()) in the affected parameter; note that metacharacter filtering alone is a weaker control and can be bypassed, so treat it as defense-in-depth rather than a substitute for the patch.

Affected VersionsENISA

4MOSAn GCB Doctor 0 <20260621

Affected Packages

euvd 4mosan_gcb_doctor fix: 20260621

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

ADOdb is a widely-used PHP database abstraction library that historically ships with test/diagnostic scripts (e.g. testdatabases-style pages) intended only for development. The root cause is CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command): a request parameter exposed by this residual ADOdb test page is concatenated into a system-level command invocation without sanitization or safe API use, letting an attacker break out of the intended argument and append their own shell commands. The affected product per CPE is cpe:2.3:a:4mosan_security_technology:4mosan_gcb_doctor:*, a management/monitoring appliance-style application from Taiwanese vendor 4MOSAn Security Technology; the exposure is entirely a function of the shipped debug page rather than any customer configuration.

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Severity by source

Vendor (twcert) PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 9.8 CRITICAL

Unauthenticated network-reachable test page passes input to the OS shell (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), yielding full RCE and thus high C/I/A on an unchanged scope.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (twcert).

CVSS VectorVendor: twcert

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Aug 24, 2026 - 04:22 NVD
9.8 (CRITICAL) 9.3 (CRITICAL)
Patch available
Aug 24, 2026 - 04:15 EUVD
CVE Published
Aug 24, 2026 - 03:32 cve.org
CRITICAL 9.3

DescriptionCVE.org

4MOSAn GCB Doctor developed by 4MOSAn Security Technology has a OS Command Injection vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can inject malicious commands through an unremoved ADOdb test page parameter, thereby executing arbitrary system commands on the server.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

4MOSAn GCB Doctor builds before 20260621 contain an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability via a leftover debug page, exposing any internet-accessible instance to full system compromise. An attacker can execute arbitrary commands without credentials, creating immediate risk to system integrity, data confidentiality, and operational continuity.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.5%
Top 27% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche Taiwanese vendor product, limited regional enterprise footprint
Social Media
2
Sightings
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 1.5%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
Very High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

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