EUVD-2026-41458
GHSA-jw2p-m8jh-c458
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
AC:H reflects the 'exception circumstances' trigger condition plus FireCluster-only deployment requirement; PR:H per CVSS 4.0 vector; S:C because decrypted Access Portal credentials directly impact downstream protected resource systems.
Primary rating from Vendor (WatchGuard).
CVSS VectorVendor: WatchGuard
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
In exception circumstances, WatchGuard Fireware OS on a FireCluster may use a hard-coded encryption key to encrypt saved credentials for Access Portal resources.
This vulnerability affects Fireware OS 12.1 up to and including 12.12 and 2025.1 up to and including 2026.2. This vulnerability does not affect devices that do not support the Access Portal feature or standalone Fireboxes not deployed in a FireCluster.
AnalysisAI
WatchGuard Fireware OS deployed in FireCluster high-availability configurations falls back to a static, hard-coded encryption key to protect saved Access Portal credentials under unspecified exception circumstances, meaning any actor who can retrieve those encrypted credential stores can decrypt them offline using the known firmware key. Affected builds span Fireware OS 12.1 through 12.12 and 2025.1 through 2026.2; standalone Fireboxes and devices without Access Portal support are explicitly out of scope. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires all of the following conditions simultaneously: (1) the target Firebox must be deployed in a FireCluster high-availability configuration - standalone Fireboxes are explicitly not affected; (2) the Access Portal feature must be enabled on the FireCluster with backend resource credentials configured and saved; (3) an 'exception circumstance' must have occurred that caused Fireware OS to invoke the hard-coded fallback encryption key rather than a dynamically generated one - the precise technical definition of these exceptional conditions is not disclosed in the available vendor advisory data, which is a meaningful gap in exploitability assessment; (4) the CVSS PR:H metric confirms the attacker must already possess high-privilege access to the Firebox management plane, file system, or credential storage location. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.9 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N reflects a high-confidentiality-impact vulnerability significantly constrained by deployment prerequisites and privilege requirements. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker who has obtained high-privilege administrative access to a WatchGuard Firebox in a FireCluster deployment - through credential stuffing, phishing, or a separate management-plane vulnerability - extracts the Access Portal credential store from the file system after an exception circumstance has caused the hard-coded encryption key to be applied. The attacker then decrypts the credential blob entirely offline using the static key recovered from publicly available Fireware OS firmware, recovering plaintext credentials for all Access Portal-protected internal resources without any further interaction with the live device. … |
| Remediation | Apply the vendor-released patch per WatchGuard security advisory WGSA-2026-00025 at https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2026-00025; the exact patched Fireware OS version was not included in the available source data and must be confirmed directly from that advisory before deployment. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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External POC / Exploit Code
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