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WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A EUVDEUVD-2026-114773

| CVE-2026-120198 CRITICAL
Command Injection (CWE-77)
2026-11-01 VulDB GHSA-cq8m-m2p5-jxxm
9.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach router web interface
  2. Delivery
    Send crafted /protocol.csp request
  3. Exploit
    Inject shell command via group_name/IP-FROM
  4. Execution
    Execute OS commands on device
  5. Impact
    Full device compromise

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Command injection prevention
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires network reachability to the WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A (build V251117) management interface serving /protocol.csp, and the ability to send a request that reaches the con_check_read_finish function with attacker-controlled group_name or IP-FROM values. Per the supplied CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) no authentication, user interaction, or non-default configuration is indicated as required. The practical limiting factor is exposure of the device's web/management service: risk is highest where that interface is reachable from untrusted networks (e.g. WAN-exposed or flat LANs), and substantially lower where management access is restricted to a trusted segment. The description does not state how the injection is triggered beyond naming the affected function and arguments.

Impact

All severity signals point one direction: the CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw needing no privileges or user interaction, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity and availability, and the vuln.today decision label is 'act_now'. CWE-77 command injection on a router's web protocol endpoint means device takeover, which is why impact is rated high across the board. The tempering factors are source and maturity: the only reporter is VulDB, there is no CISA KEV listing and no EPSS probability was supplied, so widespread automated exploitation is not yet evidenced. The exploit maturity in the vector is E:P (proof-of-concept), consistent with the input stating a PoC reference exists that is not verified as working exploit code. Net: a genuinely high-severity, easily-reachable flaw whose 'act_now' urgency is justified by its trivial exploitation profile rather than by confirmed mass exploitation - treat as high priority for anyone running this device, while recognizing the real-world exploitation volume is currently unquantified (no EPSS, no KEV).

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with network reach to the router's management interface sends a crafted request to /protocol.csp targeting the con_check_read_finish function, injecting shell metacharacters into the group_name or IP-FROM argument to run arbitrary OS commands on the device. Because the supplied CVSS vector is AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, no authentication, user interaction, or special timing is indicated, making exploitation straightforward where the interface is reachable. A public PoC reference exists (GitHub), though it is not verified as working exploit code.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity + public POC available.
1 PoC candidate (unverified) No patch listed yet 2.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv2 – Nov 01, 2026

Command injection in the WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A router (build V251117) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the device by sending crafted requests to /protocol.csp that reach the con_check_read_finish function with malicious group_name or IP-FROM values. Per the supplied CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), no credentials, user interaction, or non-default configuration are indicated as prerequisites, giving high confidentiality, integrity and availability impact. A public PoC reference exists (a GitHub write-up linked from the VulDB entry); it is not verified as working exploit code, and no CISA KEV listing is present in the supplied data, although the vuln.today decision label is act_now.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Nov 01, 2026 - 04:43 CVSS 10.0

Remote unauthenticated command injection in the WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A wireless router (firmware V251117) allows network-reachable attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands through crafted group_name or IP-FROM parameters submitted to the con_check_read_finish handler of /protocol.csp, with no credentials or user interaction required. The CVSS 4.0 score of 10.0 and the vuln.today act_now decision label reflect total compromise potential, and a public exploit reference exists although it is not verified as working exploit code. Exploitation is gated primarily by whether the device's management web interface is reachable from the attacker's network.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis: the vendor was contacted early about the disclosure, but the supplied references contain no fixed firmware version, so administrators should not assume an updated build exists and should verify with WAVLINK support before relying on one. Until a fix is available, the effective control is to remove reachability to the management service that exposes /protocol.csp: block the device's web interface, including the /protocol.csp path, at the WAN boundary and at inter-VLAN firewalls, disable any remote/WAN administration option in the router UI, and place the device on an isolated management segment reachable only from trusted administrative hosts. The trade-off is loss of remote and cross-segment administration, which must be replaced by direct or VPN-mediated access to the trusted segment. Because the supplied vector indicates no authentication is required (PR:N), simply changing the administrator password does not remove the exposure - access restriction is the control that matters. Monitor the VulDB record at https://vuldb.com/vuln/429561 and the PoC write-up at https://github.com/pipiyyb/cve/blob/main/WN530BE1.md for a patched firmware version, and re-check the exact affected build against the EUVD entry EUVD-2026-114773 before applying an update.

Affected VersionsENISA

WL-WN530BE1-A V251117

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected component is the web management service of the WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A that serves the proprietary /protocol.csp endpoint. CWE-77 (improper neutralization of special elements used in a command) describes the root-cause class: attacker-supplied input reaching a command interpreter without adequate sanitisation. In this case the vulnerable function con_check_read_finish consumes the group_name and IP-FROM arguments, and manipulation of those values is reported to result in command injection - meaning the values are likely passed into a shell invocation constructed by the firmware rather than treated as inert data. The supplied description names the affected function and arguments but does not state how the injection is triggered beyond that, so the precise request structure, parameter encoding and whether the injected output is returned in the response remain unverified. The CPE record (cpe:2.3:a:wavlink:wl-wn530be1-a:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) carries no version bounds, and EUVD narrows the confirmed affected build to V251117, so other firmware builds of the same model should be treated as unconfirmed rather than presumed safe or vulnerable.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
vuln.today AI 9.8 CRITICAL

Network-reachable command injection on the router with no auth or interaction indicated (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); OS command execution yields full C/I/A impact on the device, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
High
Subsequent system: Integrity
High
Subsequent system: Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
Analysis Updated
Nov 01, 2026 - 06:27 vuln.today
v2 - CVSS changed
CVSS changed
Nov 01, 2026 - 06:22 NVD
10.0 (CRITICAL) 9.3 (CRITICAL)
CVE Published
Nov 01, 2026 - 04:15 cve.org
CRITICAL 10.0

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A V251117. Affected is the function con_check_read_finish of the file /protocol.csp. Such manipulation of the argument group_name/IP-FROM leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.

Technical POC Analysis

CWE-77 command injection.

Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.

Latest POC

1 PoC candidate from github (unverified)

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Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-120198 is a critical command injection vulnerability in the WAVLINK WL-WN530BE1-A router that could allow unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands, potentially compromising network confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This affects all deployments of this router model, including remote workers and branch offices, and leadership should prioritize mitigation due to the high impact and potential for exploitation as a public PoC reference exists.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
2.1%
Top 19% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
specific consumer WAVLINK router model, limited niche deployment footprint
Social Media
4
Sightings
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 2.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity + public POC available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

68
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +46
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

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