Skip to main content

Mistune EUVDEUVD-2026-108417

| CVE-2026-115348 HIGH
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400)
2026-10-22 disclosure@vulncheck.com GHSA-h98w-84rc-h77q
8.7
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: vulncheck
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach Markdown render endpoint
  2. Exploit
    Submit payload of many unbalanced '['
  3. Execution
    Trigger repeated O(n²) parse_link_text scans
  4. Impact
    Exhaust worker CPU and deny service

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Resource consumption limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

No special configuration is required: the vulnerable parse_link_text fallback lives in the shared core inline parser and is reachable from every documented default entry point (mistune.html, mistune.create_markdown(...), Markdown.parse), in both the default escape=False renderer and the escape=True safe-mode renderer, with no plugin or non-default option needed. The only genuine prerequisite is that the application accepts and renders attacker-supplied Markdown through mistune 3.0.0-3.2.1. The exploit is a plain ASCII string of unbalanced '[' / '![' characters requiring no authentication, no user interaction, and no special headers. Limiting factors that bound realistic risk: impact is confined to CPU/availability of the rendering worker process (scope Unchanged - no code execution, data access, or cross-process effect), and deployments that require authentication before accepting Markdown effectively raise the bar to PR:L (CVSS 3.1 ~6.5 per the advisory's conservative variant). Upgrading to 3.3.0 is the fix.

Impact

The CVSS 4.0 vector in the input (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N, VA:H, score 8.7) and the GHSA-proposed CVSS 3.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H = 7.5) agree closely: a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated flaw whose only impact is availability - pure CPU-exhaustion DoS (CWE-400 driven by CWE-1333 algorithmic complexity), with no confidentiality or integrity effect. The signals are internally consistent rather than conflicting: there is no CISA KEV listing and no EPSS score in the provided data, so exploitation-probability cannot be quantified here, and absence of KEV means this is NOT confirmed actively exploited. Offsetting that, the GHSA advisory ships a self-contained, confirmed-reproduced proof-of-concept showing ~4x-per-doubling (quadratic) growth and ~16 KB tying up a core for ~16 seconds on 3.2.1 in both default and safe-mode renderers, which materially lowers the attacker effort/skill barrier. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_week' (not act_now/emergency), so this is a prompt-but-not-emergency priority: a genuinely real, trivially triggerable DoS against any service that renders untrusted Markdown, but one bounded to resource exhaustion of the rendering process rather than code execution or data compromise. Net: treat as a real, actionable this-week patch item; the headline 8.7 reflects easy unauthenticated reachability, not catastrophic impact, since scope is Unchanged and impact is availability-only.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker submits a short (tens of kilobytes) Markdown payload consisting of many consecutive unbalanced '[' or '![' characters to any endpoint that renders user-supplied Markdown with mistune 3.0.0-3.2.1 (comment box, wiki page, chat message, issue tracker, SaaS preview). Because parse_link_text rescans the remaining input from each unmatched bracket, parsing runs in O(n²), so ~50 KB consumes minutes of CPU on one core and a handful of concurrent requests can starve a render worker pool. A confirmed, self-contained PoC demonstrating the quadratic blowup on 3.2.1 (default escape=False and safe-mode escape=True) is published in the GHSA advisory.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available

Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.

Alert me

AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 22, 2026

Quadratic-time CPU exhaustion in Mistune 3.0.0 through 3.2.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to tie up a rendering worker for minutes using only a few tens of kilobytes of Markdown built from unbalanced '[' or '![' characters. The flaw is reachable from every documented default entry point (mistune.html, mistune.create_markdown(...), Markdown.parse) in both the default escape=False renderer and the escape=True safe mode, with no plugin or non-default option required, so any application that renders attacker-supplied Markdown is exposed. Impact is limited to availability - no confidentiality, integrity, or cross-process effect (scope Unchanged) - and a public proof-of-concept with reproducible timing measurements exists; deployments that require authentication before accepting Markdown effectively raise the bar to PR:L (CVSS 3.1 ~6.5 per the advisory's conservative variant). No CISA KEV listing or confirmed active exploitation is reported at time of analysis; upgrading to 3.3.0 is the fix.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to mistune 3.3.0, the fixed release (vulnerable range >= 3.0.0, <= 3.2.1); this is the only complete fix, and the upstream advisory recommends bounding the parse_link_text fallback scan - for example capping the number of brackets or total distance walked before returning None, or preventing the inline driver from re-running the full forward scan from each unmatched '[' - mirroring the existing 500-character LINK_LABEL cap so that valid links keep working while the quadratic blowup is removed. See https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-x2gr-6qf2-fc9x and https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mistune-before-3.3.0-quadratic-time-dos-via-parse-link-text for details. If upgrade cannot be performed immediately, the exposure can be narrowed by requiring authentication before Markdown is accepted for rendering (which effectively raises the attack prerequisite to PR:L per the advisory's conservative CVSS variant, at the cost of restricting anonymous content submission) and by capping accepted document size - but note that a size cap only reduces, and does not eliminate, the quadratic cost, since per the PoC roughly 50 KB already occupies a core for minutes; any application backport must apply the same bound to the fallback scan rather than relying on input filtering, because the trigger is a plain ASCII string of '[' characters with no special headers and no non-default option.

Affected VersionsENISA

mistune 3.0.0 <3.3.0

Affected Packages

euvd mistune fix: 3.3.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected code is the shared core inline parser, not a plugin. When the parser encounters '[' or '![', it first tries the bounded fast label path (LINK_LABEL = r"(?:[^\\\[\]]|\\.){0,500}" at src/mistune/helpers.py:10, used by _INLINE_LINK_LABEL_RE at line 101); when that fails on unbalanced brackets it falls back to parse_link_text (src/mistune/helpers.py:110-133), which repeatedly runs _INLINE_SQUARE_BRACKET_RE.search forward through the remaining input looking for the matching ']'. With n consecutive '[' and no closing bracket, each call walks to end of input and returns None, and the driving scan in src/mistune/inline_parser.py:332-359 then advances one character and re-enters at the next '[', yielding O(n) + O(n-1) + ... = O(n^2) total work; parse_link invokes the fallback at inline_parser.py:129. This is CWE-1333 (inefficient algorithmic complexity) producing CWE-400 (uncontrolled resource consumption). The in-repo asymmetry is telling: the sibling label path is explicitly capped at 500 characters, while this fallback scans unbounded to end of input. The advisory's container-based PoC against mistune 3.2.1 shows per-doubling times growing ~3.9x (the O(n^2) signature) versus sub-millisecond linear behavior for equal-length benign input, with a ~16 KB payload consuming roughly 16 seconds of CPU in the default renderer.

Know when Python gets its next vulnerability

  • Watch products and get an email when something new is published
  • Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

No credit card · 7-day full trial

Severity by source

Vendor (vulncheck) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

Unauthenticated network input through the default render API triggers the O(n²) scan with low complexity (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); impact is CPU exhaustion only, so C:N/I:N/A:H and scope Unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (vulncheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: vulncheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 22, 2026 - 20:18 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 22, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
HIGH 8.7

DescriptionCVE.org

Mistune from 3.0.0 before 3.3.0 contains an algorithmic complexity vulnerability in the inline link parser's parse_link_text function that allows unauthenticated attackers to exhaust CPU with unbalanced brackets. Attackers can submit Markdown containing many unbalanced '[' or '![' characters, forcing repeated unbounded forward scans and tying up worker processes for minutes.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A high-severity availability flaw in the Mistune Markdown library (versions 3.0.0 through 3.2.1) lets unauthenticated attackers exhaust rendering workers with small, malformed inputs, potentially degrading or halting any product feature that converts user-supplied Markdown. Any customer-facing or internal service embedding these Mistune versions is affected, and because exploitation requires no credentials, internet-facing comment, messaging, documentation, or chat features carry the greatest exposure. Leadership should care because sustained worker exhaustion translates into service slowdowns or outages and potential SLA and reputational damage rather than data loss.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

Patch available per vendor advisory; upgrading to 3.3.0 is the remediation. Until deployment completes, restrict or rate-limit Markdown input size and requests, enforce authentication on Markdown-submitting endpoints to raise the bar, and monitor rendering workers for CPU saturation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Prevalence
Medium
popular Python Markdown parsing library, common in web/content apps
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS N/A
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Medium

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

More in Python

View all
CVE-2025-24016 CRITICAL POC
9.9 Feb 10

Wazuh SIEM platform versions 4.4.0 through 4.9.0 contain an unsafe deserialization vulnerability in the DistributedAPI t

CVE-2025-27520 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Apr 04

BentoML version 1.4.2 and earlier contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability through insecure deser

CVE-2025-2945 CRITICAL POC
9.9 Apr 03

pgAdmin 4 contains critical remote code execution vulnerabilities in the Query Tool download and Cloud Deployment endpoi

CVE-2013-5093 MEDIUM POC
6.8 Sep 27

The renderLocalView function in render/views.py in graphite-web in Graphite 0.9.5 through 0.9.10 uses the pickle Python

CVE-2025-32375 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Apr 09

BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Rated critica

CVE-2014-0224 HIGH POC
7.4 Jun 05

OpenSSL before 0.9.8za, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0m, and 1.0.1 before 1.0.1h does not properly restrict processing of ChangeCiph

CVE-2024-21644 HIGH POC
7.5 Jan 08

pyLoad download manager version prior to 0.5.0b3.dev77 exposes the Flask SECRET_KEY through an unauthenticated endpoint.

CVE-2026-33017 CRITICAL POC
9.3 Mar 17

Langflow (a visual LLM pipeline builder) contains a critical unauthenticated code execution vulnerability (CVE-2026-3301

CVE-2017-9462 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 06

In Mercurial before 4.1.3, "hg serve --stdio" allows remote authenticated users to launch the Python debugger, and conse

CVE-2026-49869 CRITICAL POC
10.0 Jun 26

Unauthenticated remote code execution affects Kestra OSS (the open-source event-driven orchestration platform) prior to

CVE-2026-39987 CRITICAL POC
9.3 Apr 08

Unauthenticated remote code execution in Marimo ≤0.20.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary system commands via the `/

CVE-2024-21645 MEDIUM POC
5.3 Jan 08

pyLoad is the free and open-source Download Manager written in pure Python. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulne

This site uses cookies essential for authentication and security. No tracking or analytics cookies are used. Privacy Policy