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Oracle Java SE EUVDEUVD-2026-106709

| CVE-2026-91461 LOW
Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)
2026-10-20 secalert_us@oracle.com GHSA-hrmf-22mm-2484
3.7
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: oracle
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach TLS-enabled JSSE API over network
  2. Exploit
    Supply crafted TLS input to web service
  3. Execution
    Trigger integrity flaw in JSSE processing
  4. Impact
    Limited unauthorized modification of some data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that a target application expose the vulnerable JDK's JSSE (TLS) processing to attacker-supplied data over the network - specifically by supplying data to the JSSE APIs through a channel such as a web service. Oracle explicitly notes the flaw canNOT be exploited via untrusted Java Web Start applications or untrusted Java applets, so sandboxed-applet attack paths do not apply. Limiting factors: AC:H means the attacker depends on specialized, hard-to-control conditions; impact is confined to LOW integrity (partial unauthorized modification of some data) with no confidentiality or availability effect; and the application must actually route untrusted network input into the affected JSSE APIs, so deployments that do not expose TLS endpoints to untrusted data are not realistically affected.

Impact

All available signals point to a LOW real-world priority. The vendor-assigned CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, base 3.7) describes a network-reachable but high-complexity flaw whose only impact is a LOW integrity effect - no confidentiality (C:N) and no availability (A:N) loss, meaning at most partial, unauthorized modification of 'some' accessible data. AC:H indicates the attacker needs conditions outside their control (specific timing, state, or non-default data handling), which materially suppresses exploitability. No EPSS score, CISA KEV listing, or public POC is present in the supplied intelligence, so there is no evidence of active exploitation or weaponization - no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The one notable tension is the input tag 'Authentication Bypass', which is NOT supported by the description: the flaw is an integrity-only JSSE/TLS data-handling issue, not a stated authentication bypass - treat that tag as unverified. Net: this is a low-CVSS, low-real-risk Oracle Critical Patch Update item to patch in routine cycles, not an emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An application exposes a JSSE/TLS-backed API (for example a web service endpoint that terminates or processes TLS using the vulnerable JDK) and accepts attacker-supplied data over the network. A remote, unauthenticated attacker crafts specific TLS-layer input that, under hard-to-meet conditions (AC:H), causes limited unauthorized update, insert, or delete of some accessible data. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026

Low-impact integrity modification in Oracle Java SE's JSSE component is possible when an unauthenticated remote attacker can feed crafted data into TLS-handling APIs, but exploitation requires high-complexity, hard-to-control conditions and affects only limited accessible data. The affected releases span Java SE 8u503, 8u503-perf, 11.0.32.1, 17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1, 25.0.4.1, and 27, plus GraalVM for JDK 17.0.20.1/21.0.12.1 and GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 3.1 score is 3.7 with no confidentiality or availability impact.

RemediationAI

Apply the Oracle October 2026 Critical Patch Update fixes referenced at https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2026.html; the supplied data does not include exact fixed build numbers, so use the CPU advisory's updated Java SE and GraalVM builds rather than assuming the listed affected versions are patched. Patch status is best described as patch available per vendor advisory, with exact fixed builds not independently confirmed from the input. If immediate upgrade is not possible, reduce exposure by preventing untrusted network data from reaching JSSE APIs in affected services, terminating TLS in a separate component that does not run the vulnerable JDK, and restricting service reachability to trusted clients; these controls can break legitimate TLS integrations and do not correct the underlying library. Do not rely on disabling Java Web Start or applets as a mitigation, since Oracle states those paths are not exploitable for this issue.

Affected VersionsENISA

Oracle GraalVM for JDK 21.0.12.1
Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1
Oracle Java SE 25.0.4.1
Oracle Java SE 17.0.20.1
Oracle Java SE 8u503-perf
Oracle Java SE 11.0.32.1
Oracle Java SE 27
Oracle Java SE 8u503
Oracle GraalVM for JDK 17.0.20.1
Oracle Java SE 21.0.12.1

Affected Packages

euvd oracle_graalvm_enterprise_edition no fix
euvd oracle_graalvm_for_jdk no fix
euvd oracle_java_se no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) is the Java component that implements TLS/SSL and related cryptographic protocols for Java applications. The supplied data does not assign a CWE, so the root cause can only be characterized at the class level: improper handling of attacker-supplied data within JSSE's TLS processing can lead to limited unauthorized modification of data, with no confidentiality or availability effect. Oracle's note limits the attack path to supplying data to the affected component APIs through a service channel such as a web service; untrusted Java Web Start applications and untrusted Java applets are explicitly excluded. The high attack complexity (AC:H) reflects dependence on specialized, hard-to-control conditions, and the authoritative vector is integrity-only (I:L). Although source metadata includes an 'Authentication Bypass' tag, that tag should not be read as a credential-bypass claim given the assessed vector and impact.

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Severity by source

Vendor (oracle) PRIMARY 3.7 LOW
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 3.7 LOW

Network-reachable via TLS (AV:N) and unauthenticated (PR:N), but needs hard-to-control conditions (AC:H); impact limited to partial data modification, so I:L and C:N/A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (oracle).

CVSS VectorVendor: oracle

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: JSSE). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u503, 8u503-perf, 11.0.32.1, 17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1, 25.0.4.1, 27; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.20.1 and 21.0.12.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.19.1.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via TLS to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can only be exploited by supplying data to APIs in the specified Component without using Untrusted Java Web Start applications or Untrusted Java applets, such as through a web service. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.7 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 91% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Oracle Java SE/JDK runtime deployed across vast enterprise and server estates
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Low

Priority Score

18
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +18
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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