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Oracle Java SE EUVDEUVD-2026-106702

| CVE-2026-91452 MEDIUM
Improper Access Control (CWE-284)
2026-10-20 secalert_us@oracle.com GHSA-vgqv-368p-h4w6
5.3
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: oracle
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach exposed Java web service
  2. Exploit
    Submit crafted data to Networking API
  3. Execution
    Trigger integrity flaw in component
  4. Impact
    Perform unauthorized data modification

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires an application running on an affected JDK to expose the Oracle Java SE Networking component's APIs to attacker-supplied data, typically through a web service endpoint. Oracle explicitly states the flaw is NOT reachable via Untrusted Java Web Start applications or Untrusted Java applets - it must be reached by feeding data to the specified component's APIs server-side. While the CVSS vector is AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N (remote, unauthenticated, no interaction), the practical limiting factor is that only deployments which route untrusted input into this networking code path are exploitable; isolated JDK installs not exposing such a service are not affected. Impact is capped at partial integrity modification of some accessible data (no data disclosure, no denial of service).

Impact

This is a genuinely low-to-moderate priority issue despite affecting ubiquitous software. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, base 5.3 MEDIUM) describes remote, unauthenticated, low-complexity access with NO user interaction - signals that would normally raise concern - but the impact is strictly limited to LOW integrity (C:N/A:N), meaning an attacker can cause only partial 'unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some accessible data' with no confidentiality or availability effect and no scope change. No EPSS score, KEV listing, or POC was provided in the input: there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA has NOT listed this in KEV, so there is no evidence of active exploitation. Oracle's own 'easily exploitable' phrasing aligns with AC:L/PR:N, but the real-world impact ceiling (I:L only) caps the severity. Note a key limiting nuance the vector does not capture: the description states exploitation requires supplying data to the Networking component's APIs through a web service - so despite AV:N, the flaw is only reachable in applications that actually expose this code path to untrusted input, making this a lower practical priority than the network vector alone suggests. Treat as routine-patch-cycle (Oracle October 2026 CPU), not emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with network reachability to a service built on an affected JDK sends crafted data to an application endpoint that passes it into the Java Networking component APIs (e.g. via a web service). The malformed input causes a partial integrity violation, allowing unauthorized modification, insertion, or deletion of some application-accessible data without authentication or user interaction. No public proof-of-concept is known, and confidentiality and availability are unaffected.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026

Oracle Java SE, GraalVM for JDK, and GraalVM Enterprise Edition can allow an unauthenticated, network-reachable attacker to cause unauthorized updates, inserts, or deletes of data accessible to affected Java Networking APIs. The issue is integrity-only (CVSS 5.3, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N) and affects specific Oracle Java SE 8u503, 8u503-perf, 11.0.32.1, 17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1, 25.0.4.1, and 27 releases, GraalVM for JDK 17.0.20.1 and 21.0.12.1, and GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1. Exploitation requires an application to feed attacker-controlled data into the Networking component server-side, not through untrusted Java Web Start applications or applets; this is a low-to-moderate priority issue despite the ubiquitous affected software. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Apply the Oracle Critical Patch Update referenced in the October 2026 advisory at https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2026.html and move each affected JDK or GraalVM line to the fixed release specified there; the provided data does not include exact patched version numbers, so verify them in the advisory rather than assuming a version. Until patched, reduce exposure by restricting network access to services that pass untrusted input into Java Networking APIs, enforcing schema, type, and length validation plus allowlists at the service boundary, fronting exposed endpoints with a WAF, and segmenting affected Java services from sensitive data stores. These controls lower reachability but do not fix the underlying API flaw; WAF and validation rules may break legitimate traffic or be bypassed, and network restrictions can disrupt service integrations.

Affected VersionsENISA

Oracle GraalVM for JDK 17.0.20.1
Oracle Java SE 21.0.12.1
Oracle Java SE 25.0.4.1
Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1
Oracle GraalVM for JDK 21.0.12.1
Oracle Java SE 8u503
Oracle Java SE 8u503-perf
Oracle Java SE 17.0.20.1
Oracle Java SE 27
Oracle Java SE 11.0.32.1

Affected Packages

euvd oracle_graalvm_enterprise_edition no fix
euvd oracle_graalvm_for_jdk no fix
euvd oracle_java_se no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability resides in the Networking component of Oracle Java SE and compatible GraalVM JDK distributions, which exposes network protocol APIs to application code. No CWE is provided, so the precise root-cause class is not confirmed from the input data. The authoritative CVSS vector describes a remote, low-complexity, unauthenticated attack with no user interaction, but Oracle's note materially narrows practical exposure: an attacker must supply data to the specified component APIs, typically through a server-side web service endpoint, and the flaw is explicitly not reachable via untrusted Java Web Start applications or untrusted Java applets. The assessed impact is partial integrity modification only; confidentiality and availability are not affected. Source tags include Authentication Bypass, but the assessed vector does not support a broader confidentiality or availability impact, so that tag should be treated as contextual rather than proof of a wider authentication bypass.

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Severity by source

Vendor (oracle) PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 5.3 MEDIUM

Remote unauthenticated data supplied to exposed APIs (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); only partial integrity impact, no confidentiality or availability effect and no scope change.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (oracle).

CVSS VectorVendor: oracle

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Networking). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u503, 8u503-perf, 11.0.32.1, 17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1, 25.0.4.1, 27; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.20.1 and 21.0.12.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.19.1.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can only be exploited by supplying data to APIs in the specified Component without using Untrusted Java Web Start applications or Untrusted Java applets, such as through a web service. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.3 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 79% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Oracle Java SE/JDK runs across a vast fraction of enterprise and server environments
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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