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Oracle Java SE EUVDEUVD-2026-106635

| CVE-2026-91381 LOW
Improper Access Control (CWE-284)
2026-10-20 secalert_us@oracle.com GHSA-rp56-c35q-pjqx
3.7
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: oracle
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach Java 2D API over network
  2. Exploit
    Supply crafted untrusted data/image
  3. Execution
    Trigger difficult-to-exploit flaw
  4. Impact
    Achieve limited data modification

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that untrusted attacker-controlled data reach the affected Oracle Java 2D APIs - concretely, an application (such as a web service) that passes externally supplied data into 2D/graphics APIs, OR a client running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets that load and execute untrusted code and rely on the Java sandbox. Limiting factors: AC:H means success depends on specific, hard-to-meet conditions outside the attacker's control; only affected versions (Java SE 8u503 / 8u503-perf, GraalVM EE 21.3.19.1.1) are at risk; and impact is confined to limited integrity modification with no confidentiality or availability effect. The browser-plugin/applet attack surface is largely deprecated in modern deployments, further narrowing real-world exposure.

Impact

Signals are consistent and collectively point to LOW real-world priority. The vendor CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, base 3.7) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated flaw in the Oracle Java SE/GraalVM '2D' component that is explicitly 'difficult to exploit' (AC:H) and yields only a LOW integrity impact - no confidentiality or availability loss and no scope change. No EPSS score was provided in the input, so exploitation probability cannot be quantified; it should not be assumed high. The CVE is NOT on the CISA KEV list and no POC was supplied, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. There is no genuine conflict between signals: a low CVSS, no KEV, and no known exploit all agree this is a low-urgency, defense-in-depth patch rather than an emergency. The one caveat is a data-quality issue: the input Tags include 'Authentication Bypass', which contradicts the description (an integrity-only flaw via the 2D component, not an authentication bypass) - treat that tag as unreliable and verify against Oracle CPU Oct 2026.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated remote attacker supplies crafted data to an application that passes it to the affected Java 2D APIs - for example via a web service that feeds untrusted input to image/graphics processing, or a sandboxed Java Web Start app / applet that loads untrusted code. Because the attack complexity is high (AC:H), success depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's control, and the only achievable effect is limited unauthorized modification (insert/update/delete) of some accessible data. No public exploit code is known at time of analysis.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026

A hard-to-exploit integrity flaw in the 2D component of Oracle Java SE 8u503 and 8u503-perf, and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1, allows an unauthenticated network attacker to make limited unauthorized modifications to data accessible to the Java runtime. Exploitation is not straightforward: it requires attacker-controlled data to reach the affected 2D APIs - typically through an application or web service that passes external input into graphics/2D routines, or through sandboxed Web Start applications and applets that load untrusted code - and success depends on conditions outside the attacker's control (AC:H). No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis, and impact is confined to limited integrity change with no confidentiality or availability effect (CVSS 3.7), so real-world priority is low.

RemediationAI

Apply the October 2026 Oracle Critical Patch Update fixes for the affected builds; the advisory at https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2026.html lists the corrected Java SE 8u and GraalVM Enterprise Edition releases - upgrade to the patched build for the 8u503/8u503-perf and 21.3.19.1.1 lines rather than staying on the listed versions (the source data does not enumerate a specific new version number, so confirm the exact replacement build in the CPU advisory). Where prompt patching is not possible, compensating controls are: prevent untrusted external data from reaching 2D/graphics APIs by validating, restricting, or disabling image and font decoding for user-supplied content at the application layer (trade-off: breaks legitimate image/font features and requires code changes), and eliminate the sandbox attack surface by removing or blocking Java Web Start and applet execution via deployment.properties and the disabled web plugin (trade-off: legacy client applications that depend on applets or Web Start will stop working). Because the flaw is only network-reachable through applications that feed attacker data into these APIs, restricting network exposure of such services and enforcing strict input handling measurably reduces risk until the patched JDK is deployed.

Affected VersionsENISA

Oracle Java SE 8u503-perf
Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1
Oracle Java SE 8u503

Affected Packages

euvd oracle_graalvm_enterprise_edition no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability sits in the Java 2D graphics subsystem bundled in Oracle's JDK and GraalVM distributions, which parses and renders images, fonts, and vector/graphics data supplied by applications. Because 2D APIs are commonly invoked on externally supplied content (image uploads, rendered documents, charting data delivered by web services), an application that forwards untrusted data into these routines exposes the underlying flaw class, even though the CWE is not published in the source data. The CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated attack that is difficult to carry out and yields only a low-integrity modification within the same security scope - no data disclosure and no denial of service. Oracle's advisory also notes the classic Java sandbox context: clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed applets that load untrusted code from the internet and depend on the sandbox for isolation. That surface is largely deprecated in modern deployments, and hardened JDKs disable the web plugin and restrict Web Start, which further narrows practical exposure beyond the already restrictive AC:H rating.

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Severity by source

Vendor (oracle) PRIMARY 3.7 LOW
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 3.7 LOW

Untrusted data reaches 2D APIs over the network without auth (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N); exploitation is condition-dependent (AC:H); only limited data modification results (I:L, C/A:N).

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (oracle).

CVSS VectorVendor: oracle

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: 2D). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u503 and 8u503-perf; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.19.1.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.7 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 85% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Oracle Java SE runtime is deployed across a huge fraction of enterprise environments
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Low

Priority Score

18
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +18
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

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