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BusyBox httpd EUVDEUVD-2026-100952

| CVE-2026-88829 HIGH
HTTP Request/Response Smuggling (CWE-444)
2026-10-14 redhat GHSA-89f7-8rmh-f5q2
7.2
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: redhat
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Connect to BusyBox httpd reverse proxy
  2. Delivery
    Send allowed prefixed request first
  3. Exploit
    Pipeline second request on same connection
  4. Execution
    Backend relays unrewritten path verbatim
  5. Impact
    Access restricted backend resources

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service HTTP request consistency
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a BusyBox httpd instance configured as a reverse proxy with URL-prefix forwarding to a backend server (the proxy forwarding directive must be enabled); instances running httpd without reverse-proxy configuration are not affected. The flaw depends on HTTP request pipelining over a single TCP connection, since only the first request's path is rewritten while subsequent pipelined requests are relayed unmodified. Per CVSS PR:N/UI:N, no authentication or user interaction is needed by the attacker, but the practical limiting factor is the non-default proxy configuration plus the existence of sensitive backend paths outside the intended prefix that the proxy was relied upon to restrict.

Impact

The input CVSS is 7.2 (High) with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N - network-reachable, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction, and a changed scope reflecting that the impact lands on the proxied backend rather than BusyBox httpd itself. However, the impact magnitudes are only Low confidentiality and Low integrity with no availability impact, so this is an access-control/path-restriction bypass, not a full compromise primitive. Critically, the elevated base score is tempered by a configuration prerequisite: it only applies when BusyBox httpd is deployed in reverse-proxy mode with URL-prefix forwarding, which is a non-default, relatively uncommon setup. No EPSS score was provided, so real-world exploitation probability cannot be quantified from this data. The CVE is not listed in CISA KEV and no public exploit code is referenced, and no SSVC decision data (automatable, technical impact, exploitation state) was supplied. Net assessment: a legitimate High-severity request-smuggling issue that is reliable once the vulnerable proxy configuration exists, but it is not a demonstrated mass-exploitation priority - treat it as high priority only in environments that actually run BusyBox httpd as a reverse proxy, and as low practical exposure elsewhere. Note the signal gap: strong CVSS exploitability metrics but no corroborating exploitation signals (EPSS/KEV/POC absent), suggesting potential rather than observed exploitation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker reaches a BusyBox httpd instance acting as a reverse proxy that forwards only a specific URL prefix to an internal backend. The attacker sends an HTTP request whose first (path-rewritten) line looks legitimate, then pipelines a second request on the same TCP connection; because only the first request's path is rewritten, the second is relayed verbatim to the backend, reaching paths the proxy was meant to hide. No public exploit code is referenced in the provided data, but the technique is a well-understood pipelining/request-smuggling pattern.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Path-restriction bypass in BusyBox httpd's reverse proxy feature allows unauthenticated remote attackers to reach backend paths outside the configured forwarding prefix. When URL-prefix proxying is configured, only the first request on a TCP connection has its path rewritten; a pipelined second request is relayed verbatim, defeating the intended prefix restriction and exposing arbitrary backend routes. Affects BusyBox httpd deployments, including Red Hat Hardened Images, that enable the non-default reverse proxy directive; no public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS 3.1 base score 7.2 (High) reflects network reachability, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction, and changed scope impacting the proxied backend.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified in the available intelligence; monitor the Red Hat advisory (https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-88829) and Bugzilla (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2531343) for updated errata. Until a fix is available, the most direct mitigation is to remove the reverse proxy URL-prefix forwarding directive from BusyBox httpd configuration where it is not strictly required - this eliminates the vulnerable code path but disables the proxying feature. If proxying must remain, force per-request connection closure so that pipelined follow-up requests cannot reuse the connection (e.g., via a front-end proxy that terminates and re-establishes TCP connections) - this adds per-request overhead and may break clients relying on keep-alive. Alternatively, deploy a trusted reverse proxy or WAF in front that normalizes paths and enforces the intended prefix on every request, or restrict backend reachability with network ACLs so only the expected backend routes are reachable from the BusyBox host; each adds architectural complexity and must be verified against pipelined and keep-alive traffic.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw is an HTTP request interpretation inconsistency (CWE-444), rooted in how BusyBox httpd's reverse proxy applies URL-prefix rewriting. BusyBox is a multi-call binary used in embedded and minimal container environments; its httpd applet can act as a reverse proxy forwarding requests whose path begins with a configured prefix to a backend server. The implementation rewrites only the first request's path on a given TCP connection, then relays subsequent pipelined requests without re-applying the prefix mapping. Because HTTP/1.1 allows multiple requests on one connection (pipelining/keep-alive), an attacker can send a benign-looking first request followed by a second request for an arbitrary backend path; the backend receives the second request unmodified, so path-based authorization or routing enforced by the proxy is bypassed. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_hardened_images:* indicates Red Hat Hardened Images ship the affected BusyBox build. The changed-scope (S:C) vector reflects that the impact lands on the proxied backend service rather than the httpd process itself.

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Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY 7.2 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 7.2 HIGH

Remote unauthenticated pipelined request with no UI (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); scope changes to the backend (S:C) with limited unauthorized read/write of backend paths (C:L/I:L) and no availability impact.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorVendor: redhat

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

A flaw was found in BusyBox httpd's reverse proxy feature. When the proxy is configured to forward requests matching a URL prefix to a backend server, only the first HTTP request on a TCP connection has its path rewritten. An attacker can send a pipelined second request that is relayed verbatim to the backend, bypassing the configured path restrictions. This allows accessing arbitrary paths on the backend server that were not intended to be exposed through the proxy.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A flaw in BusyBox httpd's optional reverse-proxy feature lets network-reachable requests reach backend paths outside the intended forwarding prefix, potentially exposing internal services that were assumed to be shielded. Organizations running BusyBox-based web servers - including Red Hat Hardened Images with the non-default reverse proxy directive enabled - are affected, and no vendor-released patch is currently available, leaving configuration-level mitigation as the primary near-term defense. Leadership should care because backend route exposure can bypass existing network trust boundaries and reach systems that were never intended to be directly accessible.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: disable the non-default reverse proxy directive in BusyBox httpd; where proxying is required, front the service with a dedicated reverse proxy that rewrites and normalizes every request path and refuses pipelined requests; restrict backend network reachability via segmentation and firewall rules allowing only trusted proxy source addresses; monitor and alert on proxied request paths outside the configured prefix.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 77% exploitable
Prevalence
High
BusyBox ubiquitous in embedded/containers, but httpd reverse-proxy mode rarely enabled
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

36
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +36
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

HTTP request smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how front-end and back-end servers parse HTTP message boundaries.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_hardened_images:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2016-2148 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Feb 09

Heap-based buffer overflow in the DHCP client (udhcpc) in BusyBox before 1.25.0 allows remote attackers to have unspecif

CVE-2017-16544 HIGH POC
8.8 Nov 20

In the add_match function in libbb/lineedit.c in BusyBox through 1.27.2, the tab autocomplete feature of the shell, used

CVE-2016-2147 HIGH POC
7.5 Feb 09

Integer overflow in the DHCP client (udhcpc) in BusyBox before 1.25.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of servi

CVE-2022-28391 HIGH POC
8.8 Apr 03

BusyBox through 1.35.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code if netstat is used to print a DNS PTR record's

CVE-2025-60876 MEDIUM POC
6.5 Nov 10

BusyBox wget thru 1.3.7 accepted raw CR (0x0D)/LF (0x0A) and other C0 control bytes in the HTTP request-target (path/que

CVE-2022-30065 HIGH POC
7.8 May 18

A use-after-free in Busybox 1.35-x's awk applet leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a

CVE-2019-5747 HIGH POC
7.5 Jan 09

An issue was discovered in BusyBox through 1.30.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploi

CVE-2013-1813 HIGH POC
7.2 Nov 23

util-linux/mdev.c in BusyBox before 1.21.0 uses 0777 permissions for parent directories when creating nested directories

CVE-2021-42377 CRITICAL
9.8 Nov 15

An attacker-controlled pointer free in Busybox's hush applet leads to denial of service and possible code execution when

CVE-2018-1000517 CRITICAL
9.8 Jun 26

BusyBox project BusyBox wget version prior to commit 8e2174e9bd836e53c8b9c6e00d1bc6e2a718686e contains a Buffer Overflow

CVE-2023-42366 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Nov 27

A heap-buffer-overflow was discovered in BusyBox v.1.36.1 in the next_token function at awk.c:1159. Rated medium severit

CVE-2017-15873 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Oct 24

The get_next_block function in archival/libarchive/decompress_bunzip2.c in BusyBox 1.27.2 has an Integer Overflow that m

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