Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessOpen HTTP/1 connection to Kestrel
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DeliverySend crafted request with unread body
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ExploitAbort connection to trigger reparse
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ExecutionSmuggle second request into stream
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ImpactTamper with or bypass security controls
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service HTTP request consistency
|
| Exploitation Conditions | The flaw is in Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core and triggers specifically when a Kestrel HTTP/1 connection is aborted with unread request-body bytes remaining, which Kestrel then reparses as a new request (a request-smuggling/desync condition). The exact prerequisite is use of the Kestrel HTTP/1 server in an affected runtime (ASP.NET Core 8.0 <8.0.32, 9.0 <9.0.21, 10.0 <10.0.13, 11.0 <11.0.0-rc.2). Exploitation requires no authentication or user interaction (PR:N/UI:N). Realistic impact is amplified when the application sits behind a shared front-end proxy, load balancer, or uses connection keep-alive/pooling, since smuggled requests can affect other clients; a single-tenant, directly-exposed instance with no shared connection reuse limits the practical tampering surface. |
| Impact | This is a genuine high-priority issue, not a CVSS-inflated one. The vendor-assigned CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) describes a remote, low-complexity, unauthenticated attack, and the 9.4 Critical score is corroborated directly by Microsoft/MSRC and the dotnet/aspnetcore GHSA advisory (GHSA-rv87-ccxw-8ggf). The SSVC framework reinforces severity on two axes - Automatable: yes and Technical Impact: total - meaning exploitation could be reliably scripted once a technique exists. The one tempering signal is SSVC Exploitation: none, and there is no CISA KEV listing and no public POC in the provided data, so active exploitation is NOT confirmed. The practical result: high theoretical exploitability and impact against a hugely deployed framework, but no evidence yet of real-world attacks - a strong candidate for prompt patching rather than emergency incident response. Note one point to verify: CWE-444 smuggling frequently crosses a trust boundary into a back-end system (arguably a scope change), yet the vendor rated S:U; defenders behind shared proxies/load balancers should treat the blast radius as potentially larger than S:U implies. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker sends a crafted HTTP/1 request to a Kestrel-fronted ASP.NET Core application and then aborts the connection, leaving unread request-body bytes that Kestrel reparses as a separate, smuggled request. By desynchronizing the server's view of the request stream, the attacker can poison request queuing on shared/keep-alive connections to tamper with or bypass security controls affecting other users' requests. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, so this remains a theoretical-but-credible path. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 13, 2026
Request smuggling in the ASP.NET Core Kestrel HTTP/1 server lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker desynchronize HTTP request parsing and tamper with how requests are interpreted by the server and any shared front-end proxy, load balancer, or connection pool. The flaw is triggered when a Kestrel HTTP/1 connection carrying unread request-body bytes is aborted and Kestrel reparses that leftover data as a new request; the vendor rates it Critical at CVSS 9.4 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L), while the independent assessment applies the same impact but rates attack complexity as High because the abort/timing prerequisite must be met, and the practical blast radius is greatest where connections are reused across tenants. Affected runtimes are ASP.NET Core 8.0 before 8.0.32, 9.0 before 9.0.21, 10.0 before 10.0.13, and 11.0 before 11.0.0-rc.2, plus Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 17.14 before 17.14.42 and Visual Studio 2026 18.10 before 18.10.4; a vendor patch is available and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: upgrade to ASP.NET Core 8.0.32, 9.0.21, 10.0.13, or 11.0.0-rc.2 (or later) by updating the Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime packages and the shared .NET runtime on every host, and update Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 to 17.14.42 or later and Visual Studio 2026 to 18.10.4 or later; details are in the MSRC update guide for CVE-2026-88092, GHSA-rv87-ccxw-8ggf, and dotnet/announcements#472. Where patching cannot be done immediately, reduce the desynchronization surface: place a front-end proxy or load balancer in front of Kestrel that rejects ambiguous framing (requests carrying both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding, malformed or duplicate framing headers, or bare CR/LF in headers) and that discards buffered bytes on upstream aborts - the trade-off is possible rejection of unusual-but-legal client traffic and added operational complexity in tuning the parser. Disabling HTTP/1 on Kestrel endpoints (forcing HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 with TLS/ALPN) removes the vulnerable code path entirely, but breaks HTTP/1-only clients, health checks, and legacy proxies. Disabling back-end connection reuse/keep-alive and pooling between the proxy and Kestrel limits smuggled requests from affecting other clients, at the cost of higher latency and connection churn, and terminating TLS plus ensuring the proxy normalizes requests before forwarding reduces the chance that an intermediary's parsing differs from Kestrel's. Avoid exposing Kestrel directly to untrusted networks until the runtime is updated, and monitor the referenced advisories for any revision of patch versions.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 17 packages in nuget, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The defect lives in Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core, the HTTP server implementation shipped with .NET and consumed via the Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime packages (win-x64/arm/arm64, linux-x64/arm/arm64/musl variants, osx-x64/arm64). It is a CWE-444 (Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests / HTTP Request-Response Smuggling) issue: when a Kestrel HTTP/1 connection is aborted while unread request-body bytes remain in the buffer, Kestrel can reparse those leftover bytes as the start of another request rather than discarding them with the terminated connection. That desynchronization means the server's view of request boundaries can diverge from the view of an intermediary (proxy, reverse proxy, load balancer), allowing an attacker to hide or reshape requests and tamper with the traffic of other users that share the connection path. Exploitation requires no authentication and no user interaction (PR:N/UI:N) and is classified by CISA SSVC as automatable with total technical impact, though the real-world effect is heavily conditioned on connection reuse - keep-alive, pooled back-end connections, or a shared front-end proxy - since a directly exposed, single-tenant instance without shared connection state has a much smaller tampering surface. Because the vulnerable parsing logic ships inside the ASP.NET Core runtime, applications built against the affected runtime versions are exposed even without application code changes, including applications hosted by the affected Visual Studio toolchain versions.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
Remote unauthenticated network attack (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N); AC:H because it depends on precise connection-abort timing and unread-body desync rather than a single deterministic request.
Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.
Technical POC Analysis
Bug class: CWE-444, Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests - HTTP request/response smuggling.
Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.
Executive ViewAI
A critical request-smuggling flaw in the Kestrel HTTP/1 server component of ASP.NET Core allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to desynchronize how requests are parsed, potentially letting one request be treated as another across shared proxies, load balancers, and reused connections. The greatest organizational exposure is in multi-tenant or shared-hosting environments where connection reuse could allow traffic to cross customer or application boundaries, undermining data confidentiality and integrity and creating audit, compliance, and customer-trust risk. Remediation is straightforward because Microsoft has released fixed runtime versions, making prompt patching the decisive control.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
HTTP request smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how front-end and back-end servers parse HTTP message boundaries.
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EUVD-2026-100147
GHSA-rv87-ccxw-8ggf
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB