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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-367
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2021 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture TOCTOU prevention
Impact

Can lead to privilege escalation, data corruption, or bypassing of security checks depending on the context of the race. With a CVSS score of 6.8 (MEDIUM), this represents a moderate risk.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker exploits a time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) window to modify a resource between when it's validated and when it's used.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 16, 2026

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows BitLocker allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature with a physical attack.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 16, 2026 - 04:21 CVSS 6.8

RemediationAI

Use proper synchronization mechanisms (locks, mutexes, atomic operations). Implement file locking for filesystem operations. Avoid TOCTOU patterns.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Windows 10 Version 1507 10.0.10240.0 <10.0.10240.21073
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.6093
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22676
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25573
Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25573
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.6093
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.3932
Windows 11 version 22H3 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5624
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22676
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5624
Windows 11 version 22H2 10.0.22621.0 <10.0.22621.5624
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.1732
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1507 fix: 10.0.10240.21073
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.8246
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.7558
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.6093
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.6093
euvd windows_11_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.22621.5624
euvd windows_11_version_22h3 fix: 10.0.22631.5624
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.5624
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.4652
euvd windows_server_2012 fix: 6.2.9200.25573
euvd windows_server_2012_r2 fix: 6.3.9600.22676
euvd windows_server_2012_r2_server_core_installation fix: 6.3.9600.22676
euvd windows_server_2012_server_core_installation fix: 6.2.9200.25573
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.8246
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.8246
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.7558
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.7558
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.3932
euvd windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.25398.1732
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.4652
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.4652

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 21 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

A race condition occurs when the behavior of software depends on the timing of events, such as the order of execution of threads or processes.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.8 MEDIUM
AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Physical
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Apr 16, 2026 - 05:29 EUVD
10.0.14393.8246,10.0.10240.21073,10.0.19045.6093
CVE Published
Jul 08, 2025 - 17:15 nvd
MEDIUM 6.8

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-48001 presents notable security risk rated CVSS 6.8. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Moderate
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 76% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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Same weakness CWE-367 – Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

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Same technique Authentication Bypass

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References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48001 ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48001

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