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IRONMACE Ironshield CVE-2026-97732

| EUVDEUVD-2026-86513 MEDIUM
Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (CWE-347)
2026-09-25 mitre GHSA-xmqc-9f27-v5xv
5.1
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: mitre
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Run unprivileged code on host
  2. Delivery
    Craft executable with forged WIN_CERTIFICATE strings
  3. Exploit
    Driver string-matches instead of validating PKCS signature
  4. Execution
    Pass authentication as trusted client
  5. Impact
    Invoke privileged tvk.sys IOCTL functionality

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Signature verification
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the ability to execute code as a local, unprivileged user on a Windows host running IRONMACE Ironshield 1.0.0.167 with the tvk.sys driver loaded (i.e., a machine with Dark and Darker / the Ironshield anti-cheat installed and running). No authentication, elevated privileges, or user interaction is needed once local access exists. The specific weakness enabling the bypass is that tvk.sys authenticates client executables by checking for the literal publisher string 'IRONMACE Co., Ltd.' and root-certificate string 'DigiCert Trusted Root G4' within WIN_CERTIFICATE data, rather than parsing and cryptographically validating the PKCS signature - so any binary embedding those strings is accepted. The limiting factors are the LOCAL-only attack vector (no remote/network exploitation) and the fact that the payoff is scoped to privileged IOCTL access rather than confirmed full system compromise.

Impact

This is a genuine but moderate-severity local vulnerability, correctly scored by NVD/MITRE at CVSS 3.1 5.1 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N). The attack vector is LOCAL (AV:L), so this is not a remotely exploitable, mass-scannable flaw - an attacker must already be able to run unprivileged code on the target machine. Complexity is low (AC:L) and no prior privileges or user interaction are needed (PR:N/UI:N), which makes exploitation trivial once local access exists. There is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no vendor advisory in the input; however, a public analysis/POC repository exists (github.com/hseoa/ironshield-analysis), so publicly available exploit code exists - this is a distinct signal from active exploitation, of which there is NO evidence. The realistic risk is that this is a security-control bypass of an anti-cheat/self-protection mechanism rather than a system-compromise primitive: the modest C:L/I:L/A:N impact reflects that the payoff is access to privileged IOCTL functionality, not confirmed kernel code execution or full LPE. Note a possible under-scoring: privileged IOCTL access in a kernel driver COULD chain to higher impact (kernel memory read/write), but the description does not confirm that, so treat any escalation beyond IOCTL access as unverified. Bottom line: real and low-friction for a local attacker, but bounded blast radius and local-only vector keep this off the emergency-patch tier.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local unprivileged user (e.g., a game player wanting to bypass anti-cheat, or malware already resident on the host) crafts an executable containing forged WIN_CERTIFICATE data that embeds the literal strings 'IRONMACE Co., Ltd.' and 'DigiCert Trusted Root G4'. The tvk.sys driver string-matches those values instead of cryptographically validating the PKCS signature, so it accepts the fake binary as a trusted client and grants it access to privileged IOCTL functions. Public analysis and exploit material is available at github.com/hseoa/ironshield-analysis.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 25, 2026

Local, unprivileged attackers can bypass the Ironshield tvk.sys driver's authentication to gain access to privileged IOCTL functionality on Windows hosts running IRONMACE Ironshield 1.0.0.167 with the driver loaded. The driver checks for literal publisher and root-certificate strings in WIN_CERTIFICATE data instead of cryptographically validating the PKCS signature, so any binary embedding 'IRONMACE Co., Ltd.' and 'DigiCert Trusted Root G4' is accepted. Rated CVSS 5.1, this local-only flaw limits impact to privileged IOCTL access rather than confirmed full system compromise; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Until IRONMACE releases a fixed version of Ironshield that properly validates PKCS signatures in tvk.sys, consider the following compensating controls: if the anti-cheat is not required, disable or unload the tvk.sys driver (trade-off: disables anti-cheat functionality and may prevent access to associated games like Dark and Darker). Enforce strict application control using Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) or AppLocker to limit which executables can run, reducing the attack surface (trade-off: high operational overhead and potential compatibility issues). Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) monitoring for suspicious IOCTL traffic to the driver, though this is detective rather than preventive. Consult the GitHub analysis (https://github.com/hseoa/ironshield-analysis) for additional technical details and any community mitigations. Monitor vendor channels for a patched release.

Affected VersionsENISA

Ironshield 1.0.0.167

Affected Packages

euvd ironshield no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability resides in tvk.sys, a kernel-mode driver shipped with IRONMACE Ironshield (CPE cpe:2.3:a:ironmace:ironshield:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*). The driver attempts to authenticate client executables by scanning the WIN_CERTIFICATE structure-an Authenticode blob appended to PE files-for the literal strings 'IRONMACE Co., Ltd.' and 'DigiCert Trusted Root G4'. Instead of parsing the PKCS#7 SignedData and validating the digital signature and certificate chain, it performs simple string matching. This corresponds to CWE-347 (Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature), enabling a local attacker to craft a binary containing those strings to impersonate a trusted publisher and issue privileged IOCTLs to the driver. The attack requires local code execution as an unprivileged user; no authentication or user interaction is needed. The impact is scoped to privileged IOCTL access, not confirmed kernel code execution or full system compromise.

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Severity by source

Vendor (mitre) PRIMARY 5.1 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 5.1 MEDIUM

Local unprivileged code can trivially forge the string check (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); impact is bounded to privileged IOCTL access (C:L/I:L/A:N) absent confirmed kernel code execution.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (mitre).

CVSS VectorVendor: mitre

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

IRONMACE Ironshield 1.0.0.167 has a tvk.sys kernel-mode driver that authenticates client executables by checking for expected publisher and root-certificate strings in WIN_CERTIFICATE data ("IRONMACE Co., Ltd." and "DigiCert Trusted Root G4") instead of parsing and validating the PKCS signature data. As a result, a local unprivileged attacker may bypass this via crafted certificate data and obtain access to privileged IOCTL functionality.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 100% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
anti-cheat driver bundled with a single game (Dark and Darker)
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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