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Windows Servicing Stack CVE-2026-96939

| EUVDEUVD-2026-100264 HIGH
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
2026-10-13 secure@microsoft.com GHSA-xh3v-6g5c-6mv5
7.0
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: microsoft
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain low-privileged local access
  2. Delivery
    Invoke Servicing Stack Update operation
  3. Exploit
    Win TOCTOU race window (CWE-367)
  4. Execution
    Substitute attacker-controlled resource
  5. Impact
    Elevate to SYSTEM privileges

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture TOCTOU prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the attacker to already hold local, authenticated access to an affected host (PR:L) and to interact with the Windows Servicing Stack Updates (SSU) component - the Windows subsystem that services and installs updates. The core limiting factor is the TOCTOU race window (CWE-367, reflected as AC:H): the attacker must reliably win the timing gap between a security validation and the subsequent resource use, which typically demands repeated attempts and precise timing and is not guaranteed on any single try. No user interaction is needed (UI:N) and the attack is not network-reachable (AV:L). Affected and unpatched builds include Windows 11 23H2 (<10.0.22631.7652), 24H2/25H2/26H2 (<...9711 / ...26300.9711), 26H1 (<10.0.28000.3231), and Windows Server 2025 including Server Core (<10.0.26100.33650); patched builds are not vulnerable.

Impact

This is a credible but not top-tier priority. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 7.0 HIGH) describes a local elevation-of-privilege flaw in the Windows Servicing Stack: the attacker must already have local, authenticated access (PR:L) and must win a race window (AC:H), but on success gains full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact - consistent with SYSTEM-level privilege escalation. No EPSS score, CISA KEV listing, POC, or SSVC decision data was provided, so there is no signal of active or probable exploitation: exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' The high attack complexity inherent to TOCTOU races (CWE-367) further lowers the likelihood of reliable, widespread exploitation. The signals are internally consistent - a local EoP with no remote reachability - so there is no CVSS-versus-description conflict to flag. One metadata conflict exists: the input Tag 'Information Disclosure' contradicts the description (privilege elevation) and the C:H/I:H/A:H vector, which indicates far more than disclosure. Net: a patch-promptly item for privileged/multi-user Windows hosts, not an emergency drop-everything issue absent any exploitation evidence.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local, already-authenticated attacker (or malware running as a low-privileged user) on a Windows 11 or Windows Server 2025 host repeatedly triggers Servicing Stack Update operations and races the gap between a security check and the subsequent file/resource use. By winning that timing window, the attacker manipulates the operation to execute with elevated rights, escalating to SYSTEM. No public exploit code is known at time of analysis, and the high attack complexity means exploitation requires precise timing and likely many attempts.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 13, 2026

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Servicing Stack Updates (SSU) component affects Windows 11 23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1 and 26H2 as well as Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core installations) built below their respective fixed build thresholds, letting an attacker who already holds authenticated local access win a time-of-check time-of-use race and gain high-integrity code execution, confidentiality, and availability impact (CVSS 7.0, CWE-367). The high attack complexity reflects a narrow timing window that must typically be hit through repeated, precisely timed attempts, and no user interaction is required, though the attacker must already be present on the host with low privileges (PR:L, AV:L). No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released a patched servicing stack via its update guide.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: apply the Microsoft servicing stack / cumulative update that brings each affected build to or above its fixed level - Windows 11 23H2 to 10.0.22631.7652 or later, 24H2 to 10.0.26100.9711 or later, 25H2 to 10.0.26200.9711 or later, 26H2 to 10.0.26300.9711 or later, 26H1 to 10.0.28000.3231 or later, and Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core) to 10.0.26100.33650 or later - using the KB and download links in the MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-96939; because the servicing stack itself must be updated before the payload, install the latest SSU first and reboot as directed. As the attack requires low-privileged authenticated local access, the most effective compensating controls are reducing the local attack surface while patching is staged: remove or disable unnecessary interactive local accounts and shared local-admin credentials, enforce least privilege and LAPS-managed local administrator passwords, and restrict who can sign in locally to production servers, accepting the operational cost that legitimate local administration must then be performed through controlled, audited channels. Where feasible, monitor servicing-stack and installer activity (TrustedInstaller/CBS-related process and file events, unexpected writes to servicing and update staging paths) for repeated attempts that would indicate a TOCTOU race being probed; blocking or disabling the servicing stack is not a viable mitigation since it prevents all update installation, so it should only be considered as a short, isolated emergency measure on hosts that cannot be patched immediately.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows 11 Version 26H2 10.0.26300.0 <10.0.26300.9711
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.3231
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.9711
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33650
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.9711
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33650
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.7652

Affected Packages

euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.7652
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.9711
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.9711
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.3231
euvd windows_11_version_26h2 fix: 10.0.26300.9711
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33650
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33650

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 7 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability is a classic time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition, CWE-367, inside the Windows Servicing Stack Updates subsystem - the servicing stack that orchestrates download, verification, staging and installation of Windows updates and is closely coupled to Component Based Servicing (CBS) and the TrustedInstaller service. In this class of flaw, a security-relevant validation (for example a path, handle, token or file-integrity check) is performed against a resource that can be swapped or modified before the privileged operation actually consumes it, so a local actor who can influence servicing-related resources or state during the race window can have a privileged operation act on attacker-controlled data. The assessed vector CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H confirms the exploit path is strictly local, needs pre-existing low-privileged authenticated access, requires no victim interaction, does not cross a security scope boundary, and yields high confidentiality, integrity and availability impact if the race is won; the AC:H rating is the main brake on exploitability and is consistent with the supplied 'Information Disclosure' tag being an imprecise classification, since the description and vector both describe elevation of privilege rather than mere disclosure.

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.0 HIGH
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.0 HIGH

Local-only EoP needing prior low-privileged access gives AV:L/PR:L; the TOCTOU timing dependency justifies AC:H; successful escalation to SYSTEM yields C:H/I:H/A:H.

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 13, 2026 - 20:20 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 13, 2026 - 19:22 nvd
HIGH 7.0

DescriptionCVE.org

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Servicing Stack Updates allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A local privilege-escalation flaw in the Windows Servicing Stack on Windows 11 (23H2 through 26H2) and Windows Server 2025 allows someone who already has a low-privileged foothold on a machine to escalate to high-integrity code execution, potentially taking control of the host. Because it requires an existing local presence on the device, it is primarily a post-compromise escalation path that could turn a limited compromise into full system or server takeover; leadership should care because it materially amplifies the damage of any initial-access incident across a very broad swath of the organization's Windows estate, including Server Core deployments. No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 90% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Core Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 component on vast install base
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation More Likely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

35
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +35
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0
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