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PowerDNS Recursor CVE-2026-73206

HIGH
2026-10-21
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach exposed recursor or trigger lookup
  2. Delivery
    Send crafted DNS packet with malicious name compression
  3. Exploit
    Recursor decompresses crafted DNS names
  4. Execution
    Resource exhaustion / service crash
  5. Impact
    DNS resolution denied to clients

Vulnerability Assessment

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the attacker to get a crafted DNS packet with malicious name-compression pointers processed by the PowerDNS Recursor - either by sending it directly to a reachable recursor service port or by inducing the recursor to resolve a name served by an attacker-controlled authoritative server, which then returns the malicious packet. The primary limiting factor is network reachability of the recursor: recursors restricted to trusted internal clients (the recommended default for PowerDNS Recursor, which is not meant to be internet-facing as an open resolver) are far less exposed, whereas open or widely reachable resolvers are directly at risk. No authentication or user interaction is implied by the description, but authentication requirements are not confirmed from available data because no CVSS vector was provided.

Impact

No CVSS vector, EPSS score, KEV listing, or POC is present in the provided data, so quantitative exploitation signals are entirely absent and the assessment rests on the vendor advisory text alone. PowerDNS classifies Advisory 2026-12 as containing three High-severity and several Medium/Low CVEs but does not map each CVE to a severity in the supplied material; a crafted-packet denial of service of this nature is consistent with one of the High ratings, though this is inferred, not confirmed. The vulnerability is a denial of service triggered by decompressing DNS names in a crafted packet - a classic resource-exhaustion/crash primitive against a network-facing daemon, which typically means remote, unauthenticated reachability but no confidentiality or integrity impact. Because this is availability-only against a DNS resolver rather than a code-execution flaw, real-world priority is moderate-to-high for operators of exposed recursors (DNS outages cascade) but it is not a compromise vector; absent EPSS/KEV data there is no evidence of active exploitation. Key signals are missing or conflicting: no official CVSS vector is published in this feed, so attack complexity and privilege requirements are my own assessment and should be verified against the full PowerDNS advisory (reference 3).

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker sends (or causes a recursor to fetch from an attacker-controlled authoritative server) a specially crafted DNS packet whose compressed name pointers force expensive or looping decompression, exhausting CPU/resources and degrading or crashing the PowerDNS Recursor. A successful trigger denies DNS resolution to all downstream clients of that resolver. No public exploit code is identified in the provided data.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026

Denial of service in PowerDNS Recursor 5.3.x before 5.3.12 and 5.4.x before 5.4.8, where a crafted DNS packet containing malicious name-compression pointers can drive runaway decompression of DNS names and exhaust the recursor's CPU, degrading or halting resolution service (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, 7.5 High). Unauthenticated remote attackers can trigger it either by sending the packet straight to a reachable recursor port or by luring the recursor into resolving a name hosted on an attacker-controlled authoritative server that returns the malformed response - so open or internet-reachable resolvers carry the most risk, while recursors restricted to trusted internal clients are far less exposed. The flaw ships as part of PowerDNS Security Advisory 2026-12, a seven-CVE bundle whose most serious member (CVE-2026-85555) is a DNSSEC validation bypass and cache poisoning; no CVSS vector, EPSS score, KEV listing or public exploit code was present in the source data, so no quantitative exploitation signal is available and the assessment rests on the vendor advisory text alone (no public exploit identified at time of analysis).

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade PowerDNS Recursor to 5.4.8 (5.4 branch) or 5.3.12 (5.3 branch), preferably 5.3.13 if you are on the 5.3 train so you also pick up the fix for the use-incoming-edns-subnet scope-zero performance regression introduced by the earlier SA-2026-08 change. Because SA-2026-12 bundles seven CVEs - including the High-severity DNSSEC validation bypass and cache poisoning tracked as CVE-2026-85555 - treat the upgrade as mandatory rather than optional and patch the entire bundle in the same maintenance window. Artifacts are available as signed tarballs from https://downloads.powerdns.com/releases/ (pdns-recursor-5.4.8.tar.xz and pdns-recursor-5.3.12.tar.xz with matching .sig files) and as packages from https://repo.powerdns.com/; consult https://doc.powerdns.com/recursor/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-2026-12.html and the changelogs before upgrading. If the upgrade cannot be scheduled immediately, the highest-value compensating control is to ensure the recursor is not an open resolver: restrict query sources with allow-from / allow-from-file, bind the listener to internal interfaces, and enforce the same restriction at the network perimeter. The trade-off is that any client outside the allowed ranges loses resolution service, so the allow-list must be audited first and it will not help against an attacker who can source traffic from an already-trusted network segment, nor against the authoritative-server delivery path where the recursor itself initiates the query. As a blast-radius reduction, apply CPU and memory ceilings via systemd (CPUQuota, MemoryMax) and enable response-rate limiting so a sustained decompression flood degrades a bounded slice of capacity instead of the whole host; these limits cap the damage but do not prevent the condition and may themselves cause legitimate latency under load. Note that name compression cannot be disabled in DNS, so no protocol-level workaround exists - patching is the only complete fix.

Affected ProductsAI

PowerDNS Recursor release trains 5.3.x prior to 5.3.12 and 5.4.x prior to 5.4.8 are affected; the vendor shipped tarballs pdns-recursor-5.3.12.tar.xz and pdns-recursor-5.4.8.tar.xz (with detached .sig files) plus distribution packages, and also published 5.3.13 on the same day to correct a performance regression introduced by an earlier advisory fix that affects deployments with use-incoming-edns-subnet enabled sending scope-zero answers. No CPE strings were supplied with this CVE record, so exact platform binding should be confirmed against the vendor changelogs at https://doc.powerdns.com/recursor/changelog/5.3.html#change-5.3.12 and https://doc.powerdns.com/recursor/changelog/5.4.html#change-5.4.8, and against the full advisory at https://doc.powerdns.com/recursor/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-2026-12.html. Operators on older trains should note the revised end-of-life policy, which now supports older release trains for one year after the following major release (https://docs.powerdns.com/recursor/appendices/EOL.html), and verify that their branch is still receiving fixes.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

PowerDNS Recursor is a caching, DNSSEC-validating recursive DNS server. DNS messages encode owner names as a sequence of length-prefixed labels, and RFC 1035 permits a label to be replaced by a 14-bit pointer to an earlier offset in the packet so repeated suffixes (such as the common parent domain of every record in a response) need only be transmitted once. A decompressor therefore has to follow a chain of pointers and splice labels together before names can be compared, canonicalized, or validated. If the parser does not tightly bound the number of compression hops, track already-visited offsets to detect loops, and cap the total expanded name length, an attacker who controls the pointer layout can force work far out of proportion to the size of the packet - the classic algorithmic-complexity / uncontrolled-resource-consumption pattern that ends in CPU exhaustion and loss of availability rather than memory corruption or data disclosure. The vendor did not assign a CWE for this CVE, so the root-cause class is inferred from the advisory wording ('a denial of service decompressing the DNS names in the packet') and the assessed vector, which is availability-only (C:N/I:N/A:H) with no confidentiality or integrity impact. The same October 21, 2026 release train (fixed by pull request 18198 for 5.3.12 and 18197 for 5.4.8, with a follow-up performance regression fix in pull request 18209 for 5.3.13) addresses the rest of SA-2026-12: CVE-2026-73205 (TCP TIME_WAIT connection exhaustion), CVE-2026-85555 (DNSSEC validation bypass and cache poisoning via out-of-band NS resolution), CVE-2026-85556 (missing OPT RR owner-name validation bypassing ECS hardening), CVE-2026-85557 (a single web client stalling the TLS handshake monopolizes web access), CVE-2026-85558 (closed TCP client addresses retained until process exit) and CVE-2026-85559 (out-of-bounds read in Recursor findScopeZero).

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Severity by source

vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

DNS packet processing is network-reachable and unauthenticated (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N); a crafted packet reliably triggers costly decompression (AC:L); impact is availability-only DoS, so C:N/I:N/A:H.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Estimated by vuln.today — no official severity rating has been published for this CVE yet.

Description PRE-NVD

Disclosed via oss-security. NVD scoring and full description are pending.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

PowerDNS Recursor installations on the 5.3.x and 5.4.x branches can be driven into a CPU-exhausting loop by a single crafted DNS packet, degrading or halting name resolution for every application, workstation and customer-facing service that depends on those resolvers. No credentials or user interaction are required, so internet-reachable and open resolvers carry the bulk of the exposure, while resolvers restricted to trusted internal clients are substantially less at risk. The flaw also ships inside PowerDNS Security Advisory 2026-12, a seven-CVE bundle whose most serious member is a DNSSEC validation bypass and cache-poisoning issue, meaning leadership should treat this as an availability risk today and a trust/integrity risk requiring the same remediation cycle.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis per the source data, although the advisory describes 5.3.12 and 5.4.8 as the first versions outside the vulnerable ranges and should be treated as the target fix once confirmed with the vendor. Interim mitigations: disable open recursion and enforce allow-from/ACL restrictions so only trusted internal clients can query the recursor; block inbound DNS to recursor ports from the internet at the firewall or load balancer; apply query rate-limiting and per-source throttling; and monitor recursor CPU and resolution latency for anomalies indicating a decompression-driven flood.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Prevalence
Medium
popular open-source DNS recursor, common at ISPs but not ubiquitous
Data Quality
1 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS N/A
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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