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Car Rental System CVE-2026-5645

| EUVDEUVD-2026-19221 MEDIUM
SQL Injection (CWE-89)
2026-04-06 VulDB
5.5
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

Real-world risk is HIGH despite the absence of CISA KEV confirmation. The CVSS 7.3 score reflects significant risk with network-accessible attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction needed (UI:N), enabling trivial exploitation. The proof-of-concept exploit code is publicly available on GitHub, dramatically reducing attacker effort and expertise required for exploitation. While CVSS impact ratings show only Low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:L/I:L/A:L), SQL injection vulnerabilities frequently enable complete database compromise through techniques like UNION-based extraction, blind boolean enumeration, or stacked queries depending on database backend and application permissions. The combination of unauthenticated remote access, public exploit availability, and SQL injection class vulnerability (historically among OWASP Top 10) creates immediate actionable risk. Organizations running this software face realistic threat of data exfiltration, authentication bypass, data manipulation, or pivot points for deeper network compromise. The absence of remediation level information (RL:X in CVSS temporal vector) suggests no vendor-released patch was confirmed at initial disclosure, further elevating operational risk for existing deployments.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated remote attacker identifies the projectworlds Car Rental System installation and navigates to the payment processing endpoint at /pay.php. The attacker crafts a malicious HTTP request manipulating the mpesa parameter with SQL injection payload such as: mpesa=' UNION SELECT username,password,email FROM users-- -. Because the application fails to sanitize this input, the injected SQL executes against the backend database, returning administrative credentials or customer payment information in the application response. The attacker leverages extracted credentials for administrative account takeover, exfiltrates the complete customer database including personally identifiable information and payment records, or modifies reservation and pricing data for financial fraud. Given the publicly available exploit code on GitHub, even low-skill attackers can successfully execute this attack with minimal reconnaissance effort.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Apr 06, 2026

SQL injection in projectworlds Car Rental System 1.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate database queries via the mpesa parameter in /pay.php. The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 7.3 with network-based exploitation requiring low complexity and no user interaction. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published), significantly lowering the barrier to exploitation, though no CISA KEV listing confirms active widespread exploitation at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis based on available data sources. Organizations running projectworlds Car Rental System 1.0 should immediately implement compensating controls while awaiting an official patch. Primary recommended action is to disable or restrict access to the /pay.php endpoint until a patched version becomes available, implementing IP allowlisting if the functionality must remain operational. Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the mpesa parameter, including common injection techniques like single-quote escapes, UNION statements, and comment sequences. Application-level remediation requires modifying /pay.php to use parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions involving the mpesa parameter, ensuring user input is never directly concatenated into SQL strings. Conduct comprehensive code review of all payment processing modules and parameter handlers for similar SQL injection vulnerabilities. Refer to VulDB advisory at https://vuldb.com/vuln/355433 and exploit analysis at https://github.com/2840364044/SQL-Vulnerability-database/issues/1 for technical details. Consider migrating to alternative rental management solutions if vendor does not provide timely security updates.

Affected VersionsENISA

Car Rental System 1.0

Affected Packages

euvd car_rental_system no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This is a classic SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) affecting the parameter handler component of projectworlds Car Rental System 1.0, specifically within the /pay.php endpoint. The flaw exists in server-side input validation where the 'mpesa' parameter is insufficiently sanitized before being incorporated into SQL database queries. SQL injection occurs when attacker-controlled input is directly concatenated into SQL statements without proper escaping or parameterized queries, allowing attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands. The affected product (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:projectworlds:car_rental_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) is a PHP-based web application commonly used for vehicle rental management. The /pay.php file appears to handle payment processing functionality, making it a critical component where database interactions with financial or transaction data likely occur. The vulnerability's location in payment processing functionality suggests potential exposure of sensitive customer, transaction, or payment data.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Apr 29, 2026 - 01:11 NVD
6.9 (MEDIUM) 5.5 (MEDIUM)
PoC Detected
Apr 07, 2026 - 13:20 vuln.today
Public exploit code
CVE Published
Apr 06, 2026 - 10:15 nvd
MEDIUM 6.9

DescriptionCVE.org

A weakness has been identified in projectworlds Car Rental System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /pay.php of the component Parameter Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument mpesa can lead to sql injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-5645 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in projectworlds Car Rental System 1.0 that allows unauthenticated attackers to directly manipulate database queries through the payment processing endpoint, potentially exposing or modifying sensitive rental and customer data. Public exploit code availability and the unauthenticated attack vector create immediate risk to any organization running this system, with no vendor patch currently available to remediate the issue.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: restrict network access to /pay.php via firewall or VPN, deploy WAF rules blocking SQL syntax in mpesa parameter, implement database-level access controls limiting payment processor account privileges, enable real-time SQL query logging to detect exploitation attempts, consider payment processing bypass or manual transaction handling until patched.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 92% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
8 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment CIRCL GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.

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