Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
AT:P configuration prerequisite maps to AC:H in 3.1; scope change reflects gateway authenticating on behalf of downstream backend services.
Primary rating from Vendor (apache).
CVSS VectorVendor: apache
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
Attacker can benefit from certain configurations in hmac-auth to re-use a token forever, bypassing expiry. This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.11.0 through 3.16.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
AnalysisAI
HMAC authentication replay in Apache APISIX 3.11.0 through 3.16.0 permits remote attackers who have captured a valid hmac-auth signed token to reuse that token indefinitely, entirely bypassing expiry enforcement under certain plugin configurations. The CVSS 4.0 vector (6.3, AT:P) confirms exploitation depends on a specific hmac-auth configuration condition, limiting blanket exposure but posing significant risk to affected deployments where tokens can be intercepted. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; the fix is available in version 3.17.0 per the Apache security advisory.
Technical ContextAI
Apache APISIX is a cloud-native, high-performance API gateway built on OpenResty/Nginx. Its hmac-auth plugin implements HMAC-based consumer authentication for upstream API protection, generating signed request tokens that are intended to carry temporal validity via expiry fields. CWE-294 (Authentication Bypass by Capture-Replay) describes a root-cause class where authentication credentials are cryptographically valid but lack sufficient replay protection - meaning an intercepted, legitimately-signed token can be resent by an adversary and accepted by the verifier, because the system fails to enforce nonce uniqueness or timestamp expiry under the relevant configuration. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_apisix covers the affected range of 3.11.0 through 3.16.0. The issue is scoped to the hmac-auth plugin subsystem and does not affect other APISIX authentication plugins.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: Apache APISIX 3.17.0, which is the confirmed fix per the Apache security advisory at https://lists.apache.org/thread/ob6ng9x2hxtyfojs839hs1n0v18xxzf2. Administrators should prioritize upgrading to 3.17.0 as the primary remediation. Until upgrade is feasible, review all hmac-auth plugin consumer configurations and verify that clock-skew enforcement and nonce-based replay prevention are explicitly enabled; disabling the expiry-vulnerable configuration path may serve as a partial workaround but requires understanding which specific settings are implicated (consult the advisory thread for details). As a compensating control, temporarily substituting hmac-auth with an alternative short-lived credential mechanism (e.g., key-auth paired with external token rotation) eliminates replay risk but requires consumer reconfiguration. Restricting token transmission to encrypted channels reduces interception opportunities but does not remediate the core replay bypass.
More in Apache Apisix
View allHeader injection in Apache APISIX 2.12.0 through 3.15.0 lets remote attackers smuggle attacker-controlled HTTP headers t
Sensitive authentication tokens in Apache APISIX OpenID Connect plugin transmit in cleartext when connecting to identity
Authentication bypass in Apache APISIX versions 2.2 through 3.16.0 allows remote attackers to circumvent authentication
Authentication bypass in Apache APISIX's jwe-decrypt plugin (versions 3.8.0 through 3.16.0) allows unauthenticated netwo
Identity header spoofing in Apache APISIX versions 2.12.0 through 3.16.0 allows a low-privileged network attacker to man
Authentication bypass in Apache APISIX 3.0.0 through 3.16.0 allows a network-accessible attacker holding valid credentia
Incorrect authorization in the Apache APISIX authz-casdoor plugin allows a network-authenticated attacker to cross-authe
Identity header spoofing in Apache APISIX's openid-connect plugin (versions 2.3 through 3.16.0) enables low-privileged n
Apache APISIX 2.99.0 through 3.15.0 transmits sensitive log data in cleartext over HTTP when exporting logs to Tencent C
Identity header spoofing in the Apache APISIX OPA (Open Policy Agent) plugin allows low-privileged network attackers to
The wolf-rbac plugin in Apache APISIX 1.2.0 through 3.16.0 trusts client-controlled identity and IP data under its defau
Open redirect in Apache APISIX 3.0.0 through 3.16.0 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate specific HTTP
Same weakness CWE-294 – Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
View allSame technique Authentication Bypass
View allShare
External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-38024
GHSA-9hp8-p9xx-frx5