EUVD-2026-23962
GHSA-2vgw-r373-m9qx
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
5DescriptionCVE.org
In OpenXiangShan NEMU, when Smstateen is enabled, clearing mstateen0.ENVCFG does not correctly restrict access to henvcfg and senvcfg. As a result, less-privileged code may read or write these CSRs without the required exception, potentially bypassing intended state-enable based isolation controls in virtualized or multi-privilege environments.
AnalysisAI
Privilege escalation in OpenXiangShan NEMU allows authenticated local attackers to bypass state-enable isolation controls when Smstateen extension is enabled. Clearing mstateen0.ENVCFG fails to properly restrict access to henvcfg and senvcfg Control and Status Registers (CSRs), enabling less-privileged code to read or write privileged configuration registers without triggering required exceptions. This undermines virtualization boundaries and multi-privilege isolation in RISC-V processor emulation environments. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed, and publicly available exploit code exists via GitHub issue #690.
Technical ContextAI
OpenXiangShan NEMU is a RISC-V full-system emulator used for processor design verification and software development. The vulnerability affects the implementation of the Smstateen extension, a RISC-V privileged specification feature that provides state-enable controls to manage access to architectural state across privilege levels. The mstateen0.ENVCFG bit is designed to gate access to environment configuration CSRs (henvcfg for hypervisor mode, senvcfg for supervisor mode). When this bit is cleared, attempts by lower-privilege software to access these CSRs should trigger an illegal instruction exception. The implementation flaw (CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management) allows the access control check to be bypassed, permitting unauthorized CSR manipulation. This breaks the isolation model in environments running hypervisors or nested virtualization where henvcfg controls memory management, interrupt delegation, and other critical hypervisor-visible state.
RemediationAI
Apply the upstream fix available in GitHub pull request https://github.com/OpenXiangShan/XiangShan/pull/3978, which addresses the Smstateen access control logic. Monitor the OpenXiangShan NEMU repository for a tagged release incorporating this fix and update to that version when available. Until a patched version is deployed, implement compensating controls by disabling the Smstateen extension in NEMU configurations if not required for your testing or development workload (trade-off: loses state-enable gating features, but eliminates bypass risk). For multi-tenant NEMU deployments, enforce strict process-level isolation and run each emulation instance under separate user accounts with no shared memory access (trade-off: increases resource overhead, prevents certain shared-state testing scenarios). For security-sensitive workloads requiring Smstateen, consider switching to alternative RISC-V emulators (QEMU, Spike) until NEMU is patched, though this may require test environment reconfiguration and validation of behavioral equivalence. Detailed technical context available at https://docs.riscv.org/reference/isa/priv/smstateen.html.
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Same weakness CWE-269 – Improper Privilege Management
View allSame technique Privilege Escalation
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today