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Linux CVE-2026-23261

| EUVDEUVD-2026-12896 MEDIUM
Memory Leak (CWE-401)
2026-03-18 Linux
5.5
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Resource cleanup, leak prevention
Impact

While formal CVSS and EPSS scores are not provided in the intelligence data, this vulnerability presents moderate real-world risk with strong mitigating factors. The attack vector requires local access or the ability to trigger NVMe/FC controller initialization (medium to high complexity), and successful exploitation results in memory exhaustion leading to denial of service rather than code execution or data exfiltration. The vulnerability is not tracked in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating no active exploitation in the wild. However, the fix is already available across five stable kernel branches (commits visible in git.kernel.org references), and the leak is reproducible via blktests nvme/fc test suite. For systems running vulnerable kernel versions with NVMe/FC hardware, this represents a medium-priority reliability issue suitable for standard patch management cycles. The lack of remote exploitability and availability of patches reduces urgency compared to high-impact vulnerabilities, but deployment should follow normal security patching schedules.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local attacker with the ability to trigger device creation operations (such as through privileged container escape or local privilege escalation) could repeatedly attempt to create and fail NVMe/FC controller connections through the nvmf_dev_write interface. With each failed initialization after the admin queue allocation, a block I/O tag set remains leaked in kernel memory. After sufficient iterations, cumulative memory exhaustion causes the system to become unresponsive or crash due to out-of-memory conditions, achieving denial of service. No public proof-of-concept exploit exists beyond the reproducible kmemleak detection via blktests nvme/fc, indicating the attack requires either NVMe/FC hardware or kernel module instrumentation.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 18, 2026

This vulnerability is a resource leak in the Linux kernel's NVMe/FC (NVMe over Fibre Channel) driver where the admin tag set and associated block I/O queue resources fail to be released if controller initialization encounters errors after the admin queue is allocated. The affected product is the Linux kernel across all versions that include the vulnerable nvme-fc code path. An attacker or malicious process could trigger repeated failed NVMe/FC controller initialization attempts to exhaust kernel memory through cumulative tag set leaks, potentially leading to denial of service. This is not actively exploited in the wild (not listed in CISA KEV), but patches are available across multiple kernel branches.

RemediationAI

Apply kernel updates that include the nvme-fc admin tag set cleanup patch. Users should upgrade to a kernel version containing one of the five commits referenced in the git.kernel.org/stable repository (commit hashes provided above). Check your Linux distribution's security advisory pages (e.g., kernel.org, Ubuntu Security Notices, Red Hat Security Advisories, SUSE Security Updates) for specific kernel versions that incorporate these fixes. For systems where immediate kernel patching is not feasible, restrict NVMe/FC controller initialization attempts and monitor kernel memory usage via /proc/meminfo and dmesg for repeated kmemleak warnings related to nvme-fc tag set allocations. If systems are not actively using NVMe/FC hardware, consider disabling the nvme-fc module at boot time via kernel command-line parameters until patching can be completed.

Affected VersionsENISA

Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <b134dead095bc5a58fa2b98b90ae93428cb4b328
Linux patch: 6.19
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <7c54d3f5ebbc5982daaa004260242dc07ac943ea
Linux patch: 6.1.163
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <e810b290922c535feb34bc90ab549446fe94d2a3
Linux patch: 6.12.70
Linux patch: 6.6.124
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <fa301aef50e3f3b5be6ee53457608beae5aa7a01
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d1877cc7270302081a315a81a0ee8331f19f95c8
Linux patch: 6.18.10

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability resides in the NVMe/FC (Non-Volatile Memory Express over Fibre Channel) subsystem of the Linux kernel, specifically in the nvme_fc_init_ctrl() function called during controller creation via the nvmf_dev_write()->nvmf_create_ctrl()->nvme_fc_create_ctrl() call chain. The root cause is a missing resource cleanup path: when nvme_add_ctrl() succeeds and admin blk-mq tag set resources are allocated, but subsequent initialization steps fail (such as controller state transitions or connect work scheduling), the code jumps to the fail_ctrl error path which does not invoke nvme_remove_admin_tag_set(). This represents a classic resource leak (CWE-401: Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime). The CVE affects the Linux kernel as identified by CPE cpe:2.3:a:linux:linux:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, impacting any system using the nvme-fc driver for Fibre Channel NVMe connectivity.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Nov 05, 2026 - 22:38 NVD
5.5 (MEDIUM)
Patch released
Mar 31, 2026 - 21:13 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Mar 18, 2026 - 17:41 nvd
N/A

DescriptionNVD

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nvme-fc: release admin tagset if init fails

nvme_fabrics creates an NVMe/FC controller in following path:

nvmf_dev_write() -> nvmf_create_ctrl() -> nvme_fc_create_ctrl() -> nvme_fc_init_ctrl()

nvme_fc_init_ctrl() allocates the admin blk-mq resources right after nvme_add_ctrl() succeeds. If any of the subsequent steps fail (changing the controller state, scheduling connect work, etc.), we jump to the fail_ctrl path, which tears down the controller references but never frees the admin queue/tag set. The leaked blk-mq allocations match the kmemleak report seen during blktests nvme/fc.

Check ctrl->ctrl.admin_tagset in the fail_ctrl path and call nvme_remove_admin_tag_set() when it is set so that all admin queue allocations are reclaimed whenever controller setup aborts.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 96% exploitable
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Related Vulnerabilities in Linux Kernel I/O and Data Structure Fixes

View all 4

Vendor StatusVendor

Debian

linux
Release Status Fixed Version Urgency
bullseye vulnerable 5.10.223-1 -
bullseye (security) vulnerable 5.10.251-1 -
bookworm fixed 6.1.164-1 -
bookworm (security) fixed 6.1.164-1 -
trixie fixed 6.12.73-1 -
trixie (security) fixed 6.12.74-2 -
forky fixed 6.19.6-2 -
sid fixed 6.19.8-1 -
(unstable) fixed 6.18.10-1 -

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