What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-39725?

CVE-2025-39725 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.5 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.0%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-39725?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Vendor patch is available.

Linux CVE-2025-39725

MEDIUM

NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476)

2025-09-05 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Denial Of Service Linux Null Pointer Dereference Huawei

5.5

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-476 OWASP Top 10:2025 A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions ASVS 5.0 V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Null pointer safety, defensive checks MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 5.5 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.01%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A local attacker with access to the system could crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list In shrink_folio_list(), the hwpoisoned folio may be large. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Check pointers before dereferencing. Use static analysis tools to detect null pointer paths.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476), which allows attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list In shrink_folio_list(), the hwpoisoned folio may be large folio, which can't be handled by unmap_poisoned_folio(). For THP, try_to_unmap_one() must be passed with TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD to split huge PMD first and then retry. Without TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger null-ptr deref of pvmw.pte. Even we passed TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger a WARN_ON_ONCE due to the page isn't in swapcache. Since UCE is rare in real world, and race with reclaimation is more rare, just skipping the hwpoisoned large folio is enough. memory_failure() will handle it if the UCE is triggered again. This happens when memory reclaim for large folio races with memory_failure(), and will lead to kernel panic. The race is as follows: cpu0 cpu1 shrink_folio_list memory_failure TestSetPageHWPoison unmap_poisoned_folio --> trigger BUG_ON due to unmap_poisoned_folio couldn't handle large folio [tujinjiang@huawei.com: add comment to unmap_poisoned_folio()] Affected products include: Linux Linux Kernel.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM

AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SUSE MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 28, 2026 - 19:10 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Sep 05, 2025 - 18:15 nvd

MEDIUM 5.5

DescriptionNVD

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list

In shrink_folio_list(), the hwpoisoned folio may be large folio, which can't be handled by unmap_poisoned_folio(). For THP, try_to_unmap_one() must be passed with TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD to split huge PMD first and then retry. Without TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger null-ptr deref of pvmw.pte. Even we passed TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger a WARN_ON_ONCE due to the page isn't in swapcache.

Since UCE is rare in real world, and race with reclaimation is more rare, just skipping the hwpoisoned large folio is enough. memory_failure() will handle it if the UCE is triggered again.

This happens when memory reclaim for large folio races with memory_failure(), and will lead to kernel panic. The race is as follows:

cpu0 cpu1 shrink_folio_list memory_failure TestSetPageHWPoison unmap_poisoned_folio --> trigger BUG_ON due to unmap_poisoned_folio couldn't handle large folio

[tujinjiang@huawei.com: add comment to unmap_poisoned_folio()]

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-39725 presents moderate security risk, a null pointer dereference vulnerability rated CVSS 5.5. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. A patch is available and should be applied during regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: enable ASLR/DEP, apply network segmentation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.0%

Top 98% exploitable

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS Vendor

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.0%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Defer

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Small

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Low

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +28

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Null Pointer Dereference MEDIUM

A null pointer dereference occurs when a program attempts to access memory through a pointer that has been set to NULL (address 0x0).

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-476 – NULL Pointer Dereference

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium

Product	Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7	Fixed

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/656eaddbc952e1baae2f69281c22debe22140312 PATCH https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f1e8cd0b7c4c944e9921b52a6661b5eda2705ab PATCH https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c1101113d45838a823188ae25c61af97552a28ae

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