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Esp Idf CVE-2024-28183

MEDIUM
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
2024-03-25 security-advisories@github.com
5.7
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture TOCTOU prevention
Impact

CVSS score of 5.7 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: physical attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

Successful exploitation could compromise the medium-severity affected system.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

ESP-IDF is the development framework for Espressif SoCs supported on Windows, Linux and macOS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-367. ESP-IDF is the development framework for Espressif SoCs supported on Windows, Linux and macOS. A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was discovered in the implementation of the ESP-IDF bootloader which could allow an attacker with physical access to flash of the device to bypass anti-rollback protection. Anti-rollback prevents rollback to application with security version lower than one programmed in eFuse of chip. This attack can allow to boot past (passive) application partition having lower security version of the same device even in the presence of the flash encryption scheme. The attack requires carefully modifying the flash contents after the anti-rollback checks have been performed by the bootloader (before loading the application). The vulnerability is fixed in 4.4.7 and 5.2.1. Affected products include: Espressif Esp-Idf.

Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.7 MEDIUM
AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Physical
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionNVD

ESP-IDF is the development framework for Espressif SoCs supported on Windows, Linux and macOS. A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was discovered in the implementation of the ESP-IDF bootloader which could allow an attacker with physical access to flash of the device to bypass anti-rollback protection. Anti-rollback prevents rollback to application with security version lower than one programmed in eFuse of chip. This attack can allow to boot past (passive) application partition having lower security version of the same device even in the presence of the flash encryption scheme. The attack requires carefully modifying the flash contents after the anti-rollback checks have been performed by the bootloader (before loading the application). The vulnerability is fixed in 4.4.7 and 5.2.1.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 89% exploitable
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:4.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:espressif:esp-idf:5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2024-53406 HIGH POC
8.8 Mar 13

Espressif Esp idf v5.3.0 is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions resulting in Authentication bypass. Rated high severity (

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Buffer Overflow vulnerability in esp-idf v.5.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script t

CVE-2019-12586 MEDIUM POC
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A security vulnerability in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of (CVSS 9.8). Critical s

CVE-2026-45328 HIGH
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Privilege escalation from REE to TEE in Espressif ESP-IDF 5.5.4 and 6.0 lets a low-privileged user-application caller ab

CVE-2022-24893 HIGH
8.8 Jun 25

ESP-IDF is the official development framework for Espressif SoCs. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is

CVE-2021-28139 HIGH
8.8 Sep 07

The Bluetooth Classic implementation in Espressif ESP-IDF 4.4 and earlier does not properly restrict the Feature Page up

CVE-2024-33453 HIGH
8.1 Oct 17

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in esp-idf v.5.1 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the external

CVE-2026-55687 HIGH
7.5 Jul 10

Denial of service in Espressif's ESP-IDF JPEG driver (versions 6.0.1, 5.5.4, 5.4.4, 5.3.5 and likely earlier) stems from

CVE-2026-45541 HIGH
7.5 Jun 10

Remote denial-of-service in Espressif ESP-IDF's esp_http_server WebSocket handshake allows unauthenticated attackers to

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