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Malware Protection Engine CVE-2021-31978

MEDIUM
2021-06-08 secure@microsoft.com
5.5
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: microsoft
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Vulnerability Assessment

Impact

CVSS score of 5.5 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

Successful exploitation could compromise the medium-severity affected system.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 1.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Microsoft Defender Denial of Service Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Affected products include: Microsoft Malware Protection Engine.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Microsoft Defender Denial of Service Vulnerability

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.2%
Top 35% exploitable
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 1.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

29
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:malware_protection_engine:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2017-0290 HIGH POC
7.8 May 09

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Microsoft Windows Serve

CVE-2017-8541 HIGH POC
7.8 May 26

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Microsoft Windows Serve

CVE-2017-8538 HIGH POC
7.8 May 26

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Microsoft Windows Serve

CVE-2017-11937 HIGH
7.8 Dec 07

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Windows 7 SP1, Windows

CVE-2017-11940 HIGH
7.8 Dec 08

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Windows 7 SP1, Windows

CVE-2013-1346 CRITICAL
9.3 May 15

mpengine.dll in Microsoft Malware Protection Engine before 1.1.9506.0 on x64 platforms allows remote attackers to execut

CVE-2017-8542 MEDIUM
5.5 May 26

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Microsoft Windows Serve

CVE-2017-8539 MEDIUM
5.5 May 26

The Microsoft Malware Protection Engine running on Microsoft Forefront and Microsoft Defender on Microsoft Windows Serve

CVE-2021-42298 HIGH
7.8 Nov 10

Microsoft Defender Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authent

CVE-2021-34464 HIGH
7.8 Jul 16

Microsoft Defender Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authent

CVE-2021-34522 HIGH
7.8 Jul 14

Microsoft Defender Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authent

CVE-2021-34471 HIGH
7.8 Aug 12

Microsoft Windows Defender Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is l

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