Path Traversal
Path traversal exploits occur when applications use user-controlled input to construct file system paths without proper validation.
How It Works
Path traversal exploits occur when applications use user-controlled input to construct file system paths without proper validation. Attackers inject special sequences like ../ (dot-dot-slash) to escape the intended directory and navigate to arbitrary locations in the file system. Each ../ sequence moves up one directory level, allowing an attacker to break out of a restricted folder and access sensitive files elsewhere on the server.
Attackers employ various encoding techniques to bypass basic filters. Simple URL encoding transforms ../ into %2e%2e%2f, while double encoding becomes %252e%252e%252f (encoding the percent sign itself). Other evasion methods include nested sequences like ....// (which become ../ after filter removal), null byte injection (%00 to truncate path validation), and OS-specific path separators (backslashes on Windows). Absolute paths like /etc/passwd may also work if the application doesn't enforce relative path constraints.
The typical attack flow begins with identifying input parameters that reference files—such as file=, path=, template=, or page=. The attacker then tests various traversal payloads to determine if path validation exists and what depth is needed to reach system files. Success means reading configuration files, credentials, source code, or even writing malicious files if the application allows file uploads or modifications.
Impact
- Credential exposure: Access to configuration files containing database passwords, API keys, and authentication tokens
- Source code disclosure: Reading application code reveals business logic, additional vulnerabilities, and hardcoded secrets
- System file access: Retrieving
/etc/passwd,/etc/shadow, or Windows SAM files for credential cracking - Configuration tampering: If write access exists, attackers modify settings or inject malicious code
- Remote code execution: Writing web shells or executable files to web-accessible directories enables full system compromise
Real-World Examples
ZendTo file sharing application (CVE-2025-34508) contained a path traversal vulnerability allowing unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files from the server. The flaw existed in file retrieval functionality where user input directly influenced file path construction without adequate validation, exposing sensitive configuration data and potentially system files.
Web application frameworks frequently suffer from path traversal in template rendering engines. When applications allow users to specify template names or include files, insufficient validation permits attackers to read source code from other application modules or framework configuration files, revealing database credentials and session secrets.
File download features in content management systems represent another common vector. Applications that serve user-requested files from disk often fail to restrict paths properly, enabling attackers to download backup files, logs containing sensitive data, or administrative scripts that weren't intended for public access.
Mitigation
- Avoid user input in file paths: Use indirect references like database IDs mapped to filenames on the server side
- Canonicalize and validate: Convert paths to absolute canonical form, then verify they remain within the allowed base directory
- Allowlist permitted files: Maintain an explicit list of accessible files rather than trying to blocklist malicious patterns
- Chroot jails or sandboxing: Restrict application file system access to specific directories at the OS level
- Strip dangerous sequences: Remove
../,..\\, and encoded variants, though this alone is insufficient
Recent CVEs (8612)
Woocommerce CSV Importer 3.3.6 contains a path traversal vulnerability that allows any registered user to delete arbitrary files by submitting unescaped filenames through the delete_export_file AJAX. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Path traversal in Oinone Pamirs versions up to 7.2.0 allows authenticated local attackers with physical device access to read, write, or delete arbitrary files via manipulated uniqueFileName parameter in LocalFileClient.java RestController endpoint. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub POC published). Despite low CVSS 4.0 score (0.9), the physical access requirement and low attack complexity make this exploitable in scenarios where attackers have direct device access or console privileges. EPSS data not available for this CVE. Vendor unresponsive to disclosure.
ProcessMaker 3.5.4 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting improper path traversal validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
WordPress Plugin Anti-Malware Security and Bruteforce Firewall 4.20.59 contains a directory traversal vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by manipulating the. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Home Assistant Community Store (HACS) 1.10.0 contains a path traversal vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read sensitive files by traversing directories via the /hacsfiles/. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
WordPress Plugin Backup and Restore 1.0.3 contains an arbitrary file deletion vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to delete files by manipulating parameters in AJAX requests. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Supsystic Backup 2.3.9 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read and delete arbitrary files by manipulating the download path parameter. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Supsystic Digital Publications 1.6.9 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the Folder input field that allows attackers to access files outside the web root by injecting directory traversal. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
File overwrite and information disclosure in Crypt::DSA through version 1.19 for Perl expose systems where user-controlled input reaches the library's key handling routines. The root cause is use of Perl's 2-argument open() form in lib/Crypt/DSA/Key.pm, which interprets leading or trailing special characters in filenames as I/O mode specifiers, enabling reads from or writes to arbitrary files. CVSS rates this AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N (Medium, 6.5), though actual exposure depends on application-level code paths; EPSS is 0.01% and this CVE is not in CISA KEV, indicating no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Archive extraction boundary failure in Microsoft APM's legacy-bundle probe allows local attackers to overwrite arbitrary files on Windows systems running Python 3.10 or 3.11. When users run 'apm install' on a malicious .tar.gz file, untrusted tar members bypass path validation, enabling absolute path writes (e.g., D:/...) that compromise system integrity. Fixed in version 0.13.0. No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but the local attack vector with user interaction required (CVSS AV:L/UI:R) limits real-world risk to social engineering scenarios targeting AI agent developers on Windows platforms.
Path traversal in Pode PowerShell web framework versions 2.4.0 through 2.12.x allows high-privileged authenticated users to read arbitrary files from the server filesystem via crafted static route requests. An attacker with high privilege can request paths like http://localhost:8080/c:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts to retrieve sensitive file contents. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.13.0.
Path traversal in Portainer's backup restore feature allows arbitrary file write to the server filesystem via crafted tar.gz archives. Versions prior to 2.39.0 (and 2.33.8 in the LTS branch) use unsafe path joining in the ExtractTarGz function, permitting entries like `../../etc/cron.d/evil` to escape the extraction root. An authenticated administrator who restores a malicious archive or whose credentials are compromised can write files to any path accessible to the Portainer process, potentially establishing persistence on the host. Exploitation requires administrative privileges within Portainer, reducing practical impact.
Path traversal in the Media Sync WordPress plugin (versions ≤1.4.9) enables authenticated attackers with Author-level access or above to read arbitrary files outside the intended uploads directory by injecting traversal sequences into the 'sub_dir' and 'media_items' parameters. The CVSS vector (C:H/I:N/A:N) confirms the impact is limited to confidentiality - file read only, with no write or deletion capability indicated. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as none with partial technical impact, consistent with the low EPSS probability of 0.45%.
Path traversal in ERPNext exposes arbitrary server files to authenticated low-privileged users via a vulnerable endpoint that fails to restrict directory access. Affected versions are ERPNext prior to 15.101.1 and the 16.x beta line prior to 16.10.0, packaged under CPE cpe:2.3:a:frappe:erpnext. An attacker with a valid account can craft a request to read sensitive files outside the intended directory scope, resulting in full confidentiality compromise of the host filesystem. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC signals no active exploitation.
Arbitrary file read in Grafana OSS exposes server filesystem contents to authenticated low-privilege users when the sqlExpressions feature toggle is enabled. Affected versions span the 11.6.x, 12.x, and 13.0.x release trains, with fixed security builds available across all affected branches. No public exploit code exists and CISA has not added this to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; however, the confidentiality impact is rated High by CVSS due to the potential for unrestricted file disclosure from the Grafana server's filesystem.
Path traversal in Hermes WebUI's session import endpoint allows authenticated low-privileged attackers to read arbitrary files accessible to the WebUI process. By importing a crafted session JSON with an unrestricted workspace value such as '/', an attacker bypasses the workspace boundary controls that govern every other workspace-bearing endpoint, then leverages the file API to exfiltrate any file readable by the WebUI process user. No active exploitation is confirmed (absent from CISA KEV), EPSS sits at 0.04% in the 12th percentile, and SSVC rates exploitation as none - but the CVSS 4.0 confidentiality impact is rated High, making this a meaningful risk for network-exposed deployments with authenticated user populations.
Joomla com_fabrik 3.9.11 contains a directory traversal vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to list arbitrary files by manipulating the folder parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Directory traversal vulnerability in F5 BIG-IP iControl REST endpoint when running in Appliance mode allows authenticated administrators to delete arbitrary files, crossing security boundaries. The vulnerability requires high-privilege administrator role access and network connectivity to the iControl REST interface, but no user interaction. Patch availability confirmed from F5; no active exploitation reported.
Authenticated high-privilege attackers with Resource Administrator or Administrator roles can download sensitive files from F5 BIG-IP iControl SOAP interface due to improper path validation. The vulnerability requires valid administrative credentials and does not affect versions that have reached End of Technical Support, limiting exposure to actively maintained deployments. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.
Directory traversal vulnerability in F5 BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator enables authenticated high-privilege attackers to overwrite, delete, or corrupt arbitrary local files via path manipulation. The vulnerability requires network access and valid high-privilege credentials but does not require user interaction, affecting the integrity of system files on affected BIG-IP instances. A vendor patch is available.
Path traversal in OpenPLC v3 allows authenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary files via unvalidated file path parameters passed to the glue_generator binary. The vulnerability affects command-line input handling in the compiled binary derived from glue_generator.cpp, where user-controlled paths are passed directly to file operation functions (fopen, ifstream, ofstream) without validation. Exploitation requires authentication but no user interaction, and no public exploit code has been identified at the time of analysis.
Path traversal in Adobe Substance3D Designer 15.1.0 and earlier enables arbitrary file system reads when a victim opens a specially crafted malicious file. The vulnerability carries a scope change - the attacker can read files and directories outside the application's own data boundaries, potentially exposing OS-level sensitive content. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, EPSS sits at 0.02% (5th percentile), and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with non-automatable delivery, indicating limited real-world threat momentum despite the High confidentiality impact rating.
Microsoft Teams for Android exposes internal files or directories to unauthorized local parties via CWE-552 (Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties), enabling a local attacker to perform identity spoofing. Affected versions span all releases of Teams for Android below 1.0.0.2026092103. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA has not added this to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, though the SSVC framework rates the technical impact as total, suggesting that successfully accessed data could fully compromise the Teams session or identity context on the device.
Path traversal in the Visual Studio Code Live Preview extension (versions 0.4.0 through 0.4.18) enables a local attacker to read arbitrary files outside the intended workspace directory by exploiting insufficient path validation in the extension's embedded HTTP server. The flaw (CWE-23) can expose sensitive local files such as credentials or private keys to any party who can supply a crafted file to a developer and have them trigger the preview feature. No public exploit code exists and the vulnerability is absent from CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a fix in version 0.4.19.
Local file disclosure in Microsoft Word exposes sensitive files and directories to external parties when a victim opens a specially crafted document. Affected products span Microsoft Word 2016, Office 2019, Office LTSC 2021, Office LTSC 2024, and Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise across version ranges confirmed by NVD CPE data. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none with only partial technical impact; a vendor-released patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center.
Privilege escalation in Axis OS via path traversal in ACAP configuration files allows high-privileged local attackers to achieve code execution with elevated permissions. The vulnerability requires the device to be configured for unsigned ACAP application installation and the attacker to socially engineer a user into installing a malicious ACAP application. CVSS 6.7 reflects high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, but exploitation is constrained by high-privilege requirement and user interaction. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Path traversal vulnerability in Lhaz and Lhaz+ archive extraction allows local users to write files to unintended directories when the automatic folder creation feature is enabled and a crafted archive is extracted. The vulnerability requires user interaction (extracting a malicious archive) and affects only the integrity of file placement, not confidentiality or availability. CVSS score is 3.3 (low); no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.
Path traversal in Audiobookshelf's podcast creation endpoint allows attackers to write files outside the intended library directory by supplying a crafted file path. Affected versions are all releases prior to 2.32.2 (per CVE) or 2.33.2 (per EUVD - see confidence notes), with the vulnerable code located in server/controllers/PodcastController.js. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA KEV has not flagged active exploitation, but SSVC marks the attack as automatable, meaning scripted mass-scanning is feasible once a reliable exploit exists.
Authenticated users with upload permission in Audiobookshelf prior to 2.32.2 can enumerate files outside their authorized library folder through a path traversal vulnerability in the POST /api/filesystem/pathexists endpoint. The vulnerability exploits a weak String.startsWith() validation that fails to distinguish between sibling directories with shared prefixes (e.g., /audiobooks and /audiobooks-private), allowing information disclosure about file existence across library boundaries despite authentication requirements. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Path traversal in tookie-osint (all versions prior to 4.1fix) allows an attacker who controls the tool's username input to redirect scan output files to arbitrary filesystem paths accessible to the invoking user. The write_txt, write_csv, and write_json helpers in modules/modules.py construct output filenames via unsanitized f-string interpolation of the -u CLI flag or lines from a -U batch usernames file, enabling directory-separator sequences to escape the intended output directory. A proof-of-concept exists per SSVC assessment; however, EPSS sits at 0.01% (3rd percentile) and the vulnerability is absent from the CISA KEV catalog, consistent with the niche footprint of this tool and the local execution prerequisite.
Path traversal in Crabbox <0.9.0 allows local attackers to delete or overwrite arbitrary files via malicious .crabbox.yaml configuration. When a user executes Crabbox commands with a crafted workspace configuration containing directory traversal sequences (e.g., '../../../'), the Islo provider performs rm -rf and mkdir -p on attacker-controlled paths outside /workspace. Patch available in v0.9.0 (commit 6b07193). No KEV listing or public POC identified, but exploitation requires only user interaction (opening/running a malicious project), not authentication or special privileges.
OpenClaw before version 2026.4.15 allows arbitrary local file read via the webchat audio embedding helper, which fails to enforce local media root containment checks. Attackers who can influence agent or tool-produced ReplyPayload.mediaUrl parameters can resolve absolute local paths or file:// URLs, read audio-like files, and embed them base64-encoded into webchat responses. The vulnerability is narrow in scope-files must be readable by the gateway process, have audio-like extensions, and fit within the webchat audio size cap-but crosses the security boundary between model/tool output and host filesystem access. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified, though the vulnerability is confirmed by vendor advisory.
Path traversal in Casdoor's Local File System storage provider allows authenticated administrators to write arbitrary files to the filesystem by bypassing path sanitization in the storage sandbox. An attacker with administrative privileges can exploit insufficient input validation to create or overwrite files anywhere on the host system. EPSS score of 0.03% indicates minimal real-world exploitation probability despite the moderate CVSS 5.9 score, suggesting the vulnerability requires both authenticated access and administrative privileges that significantly limit practical attack surface.
Path traversal vulnerability in cramfs-tools up to version 2.1 allows local authenticated users to escape directory restrictions via malformed filenames in the Directory Handler component (do_directory function in cramfsck.c). Publicly available exploit code exists. CVSS score of 1.9 reflects low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact combined with local-only attack vector and required low privilege level; however, the vulnerability enables directory traversal that could facilitate unauthorized file access or modification on systems where cramfs-tools processes untrusted filesystem images.
Arbitrary file read in docuFORM Managed Print Service Client 11.11c lets remote unauthenticated attackers retrieve any file the service account can access by supplying a crafted URL that escapes the intended directory. The flaw is a classic path traversal (CWE-22) scored CVSS 7.5 for full confidentiality loss with no impact to integrity or availability. A public gist attributed to ZeroBreach GmbH suggests publicly available exploit code exists, though EPSS remains very low (0.05%) and it is not listed in CISA KEV, so no public confirmation of active exploitation exists.
WordPress Plugin amministrazione-aperta 3.7.3 contains a local file read vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting insufficient input validation in the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
WordPress Plugin cab-fare-calculator 1.0.3 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by manipulating the controller parameter in. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Remote path traversal in Industrial Application Software IAS Canias ERP 8.03 allows unauthenticated network attackers to read arbitrary files by manipulating the m_strSourceFileName argument in the iasRequestFileEvent function of the RMI Interface. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed with proof-of-concept code available, and the vendor has not responded to early disclosure notification.
Denial of service in Gibbon versions before v30.0.01 via path traversal during ZIP file extraction allows authenticated users with Teacher or higher privileges to trigger file deletion and application unavailability. The vulnerability exploits improper handling of malicious ZIP archives, where failed extraction attempts result in unintended deletion of PHP application files. This requires elevated privileges within the application and network access to the vulnerable endpoint.
Path traversal in SharpCompress `WriteToDirectory()` allows malicious ZIP and TAR archives to create directories outside the intended extraction root via relative (`../../`) and absolute path (`/tmp/`) overrides in the directory-entry fast-path. TAR archives can be further escalated to arbitrary file writes when callers implement `SymbolicLinkHandler` without validating symlink targets, enabling an attacker to write files anywhere on the filesystem subject to process permissions. CVSS 5.9 reflects moderate severity; real-world impact depends on whether the application extracts untrusted archives and implements symlink handling.
Path traversal in SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.1 allows an attacker to deliver a malicious GPPL postprocessor file that, when opened in VS Code, probes the victim's filesystem for file existence and leaks Windows NTLM credentials to an attacker-controlled SMB server. The extension's GpplDocumentLinkHandler resolved inc directive paths - including parent-directory traversal sequences (..\..\..) and UNC shares (\\server\share) - through unsanitized File.Exists calls, creating two distinct information disclosure vectors. Publicly available exploit code exists per SSVC classification; exploitation probability is very low (EPSS 0.05%), and the vulnerability is patched in version 1.0.2 released 2026-04-20.
Path traversal vulnerability in novaGallery prior to version 2.1.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary image files outside the intended gallery root directory via crafted album or image parameters. The vulnerability has low real-world impact (confidentiality only, CVSS 5.3) but affects all unpatched installations since exploitation requires no authentication, user interaction, or special configuration. Vendor-released patch version 2.1.1 is available.
Authenticated administrators in Flarum can read arbitrary files and trigger server-side request forgery via LESS injection in theme color settings. The vulnerability exploits an incomplete patch for CVE-2023-27577 that restricted @import and data-uri() only in the custom_less setting but failed to apply the same restrictions to other LESS config variables such as theme_primary_color and theme_secondary_color. An attacker with admin credentials can inject arbitrary @import directives into compiled forum.css, exposing sensitive files or making outbound HTTP requests to internal networks and cloud metadata endpoints. Vendor-released patches: Flarum 1.8.16 and 2.0.0-rc.1.
URL injection via unsanitized path parameters in i18next-locize-backend prior to 9.0.2 allows remote attackers to manipulate translation resource URLs by injecting path traversal sequences, query strings, or fragments through user-controlled lng, ns, projectId, or version parameters. When these values are exposed via query parameters, cookies, or request headers through i18next-browser-languagedetector, an attacker can redirect requests to unintended translation resources or trigger SSRF/arbitrary-file-read attacks against internal/file-scheme URLs. No public exploit code has been identified, but the vulnerability is straightforward to exploit given network-accessible backend services.
Path traversal vulnerability in YARD prior to version 0.9.42 allows remote attackers to access arbitrary files on a server running yard server with unsanitized HTTP requests when using the --docroot flag. The vulnerability affects the documentation serving functionality and has been patched in version 0.9.42. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis.
Kimai versions 2.32.0 through 2.55.x allow System-Admin users with invoice template upload permission to read arbitrary files from the PHP server via malicious PDF invoice templates. The vulnerability exploits mPDF's SetAssociatedFiles() function combined with unsanitized Twig template rendering to access any file readable by the PHP worker process and embed it within generated PDF invoices. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; patch available in version 2.56.0.
Path traversal in xiaozhi-mcphub up to version 1.0.3 allows authenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary files via manipulation of the manifest.name argument in src/controllers/dxtController.ts, with CVSS 6.3 indicating moderate impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Publicly available exploit code exists, and the project maintainer has not yet responded to early disclosure notification.
Path traversal vulnerability in gyoridavid short-video-maker up to version 1.3.4 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files on the server by manipulating the tmpFile parameter in REST API requests. The vulnerability exists in the REST API endpoint src/server/routers/rest.ts and has a publicly available proof-of-concept, though it is not currently confirmed as actively exploited in the wild. With a CVSS score of 5.3 (low/moderate), the vulnerability impacts confidentiality only, enabling information disclosure without requiring authentication or user interaction.
Path traversal in MiniClaw's executeSkillScript function allows authenticated remote attackers to access files outside the intended skills directory via directory traversal sequences in the skillName or scriptFile parameters. The vulnerability affects the isPathInside function in src/kernel.ts, enabling disclosure of sensitive files with CVSS 4.3 (low confidentiality impact). Publicly available exploit code exists and a vendor patch is available via commit e8bd4e17e9428260f2161378356affc5ce90d6ed.
Path traversal and URL injection in i18next-http-backend prior to version 3.0.5 allows remote attackers to manipulate request URLs by injecting unsanitized language (lng) and namespace (ns) parameters, potentially leading to server-side request forgery (SSRF), path-based authorization bypass, or arbitrary file reads in SSR deployments. The vulnerability affects all applications using the library with user-controlled language selection via query parameters, cookies, localStorage, or request headers-the default configuration. Vendor-released patch: version 3.0.5.
Unauthenticated information disclosure in FacturaScripts allows remote attackers to trigger phpinfo() output on fresh deployments via /?phpinfo=TRUE, exposing full PHP configuration, environment variables (including database credentials and API keys), filesystem paths, and loaded extensions. The vulnerability affects all versions with the Installer controller enabled and no patch has been released as of April 2026; publicly available proof-of-concept code exists demonstrating exploitation against PHP 8.1.34.
BentoML's `bentoml build` command dereferences symlinks within the build context and copies their target file contents into the generated Bento artifact, allowing attackers to exfiltrate sensitive files from the build host. An attacker who controls a repository or build context can place symlinks pointing to sensitive local files (credentials, SSH keys, API tokens), and when a developer or CI system runs `bentoml build`, the referenced file contents are packaged into the Bento, which may then be exported, pushed, or containerized, spreading the leaked data. Publicly available exploit code demonstrates successful extraction of files outside the build directory. Affected versions through BentoML 1.4.38; patch released in 1.4.39.
Arbitrary PDF file read vulnerability in Gotenberg versions up to 8.31.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to extract PDF content via path traversal in stampExpression and watermarkExpression parameters on six conversion routes (pdfengines/merge, pdfengines/split, libreoffice/convert, chromium/convert/url, chromium/convert/html, chromium/convert/markdown). The vulnerability exists because these routes accept user-controlled file paths without validation when stamp or watermark source is set to PDF, unlike the dedicated stamp/watermark routes which enforce file upload requirements. An attacker can read any PDF accessible to the Gotenberg process by specifying its filesystem path, gaining access to potentially sensitive documents in containerized deployments or systems with mounted directories.
Angular SSR applications fail to properly validate URL-encoded path traversal sequences in the X-Forwarded-Prefix header, allowing attackers to trigger open redirects or steer server-side HTTP requests to unintended endpoints when the application is configured to trust proxy headers and deployed behind an unsanitized proxy. Exploitation requires the upstream proxy to forward the X-Forwarded-Prefix header without stripping encoded dots (%2e%2e), and the Angular application must perform internal redirects or use relative URLs in server-side HttpClient requests. Vendor-released patches are available for all supported versions.
Proxy scope bypass in Nitro (npm packages nitropack and nitro) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to reach upstream paths outside the configured routeRules wildcard scope by embedding percent-encoded path traversal sequences (`..%2f`) in HTTP requests. Nitro's route-rule matcher treats `%2F` as an opaque literal and matches the rule, then forwards the raw un-canonicalized path to the upstream; upstreams that decode `%2F` to `/` then resolve the `..` segment and serve resources the developer intended to be fenced off, such as internal admin or secrets endpoints. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low at 0.04% (13th percentile), but the official advisory includes a precise proof-of-concept request and the exploit prerequisite (upstream `%2F` decoding) is common in static file servers, CGI handlers, Python os.path routers, and microservice mesh layers.
Arbitrary directory creation outside the project root is possible in FlightPHP's `make:controller` CLI command (flightphp/core < 3.18.1) due to un-normalized path handling before input validation. The `mkdir(..., recursive: true)` call executes on attacker-controlled path segments - including `../` traversal sequences - before Nette's class-name validation can reject the input, leaving the created directories as a committed filesystem side effect. A publicly available proof-of-concept confirms the issue; exploitation is local and no CISA KEV entry exists, consistent with the low EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile).
Hugo static site generator versions 0.43.0 through 0.160.x allow unrestricted file system access when building sites with Node-based asset pipelines (PostCSS, Babel, TailwindCSS), enabling arbitrary code execution through these tools to read or write files outside the project directory. The vulnerability affects only users who deploy Node asset pipelines; those building trusted sites or not using these pipelines are unaffected. A vendor-released patch in v0.161.0 enforces Node's permission model with strict filesystem defaults.
Path traversal vulnerability in Magic Wormhole receive command allows authenticated attackers to write files outside the intended output directory when the specified output directory already exists, enabling arbitrary file write with low complexity via network delivery of a specially crafted transfer request.
Local privilege escalation in ZTE PROCESS Guard Service allows authenticated local users to escalate privileges and achieve arbitrary code execution through improper access control enforcement, affecting the cloud computer client. The vulnerability requires local access and authenticated user context but operates across system boundaries, potentially compromising system integrity. No active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis, though the combination of privilege escalation and RCE capability makes this a moderate-priority local threat.
Path traversal vulnerability in Apache Wicket's FolderUploadsFileManager allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files or write files outside the intended upload directory by exploiting unsanitized uploadFieldId and clientFileName parameters. Affected versions 8.0.0-8.17.0, 9.0.0-9.22.0, and 10.0.0-10.8.0 are vulnerable to remote file access and modification without authentication or user interaction. Vendor-released patch available in version 10.9.0.
Oracle OCI CLI version 3.77 allows local attackers with user interaction to place imported files outside the intended directory, compromising file integrity and enabling potential code execution or data exfiltration. The vulnerability requires local access and user interaction but carries high integrity impact through arbitrary file placement. No active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at the time of analysis.
Fluent Forms plugin for WordPress up to version 6.2.1 allows authenticated administrators to read arbitrary files readable by the web server through path traversal in the getAttachments() method of EmailNotificationActions. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of file-upload URLs in admin notification configurations, permitting attackers to supply traversal sequences like <upload_baseurl>/../../<target> to access sensitive files such as wp-config.php containing database credentials and authentication salts. While unauthenticated users can trigger email notifications, the exploit requires administrator-level access to configure the malicious notification attachment.
Path traversal in PyLoad-ng package folder name sanitization allows authenticated users with ADD permission to write files outside the intended download directory via insufficient string replacement logic. The sanitizer replaces `../` with `_`, but the pattern `....//` bypasses this filter by becoming `.._` after replacement, leaving exploitable `..` sequences that the OS later resolves. CVSS 6.5 (network-accessible, low complexity, requires low-privilege authentication, high integrity impact). Publicly available proof-of-concept code demonstrates exploitation against default credentials.
Arbitrary file write in wireshark-mcp up to version 1.1.5 allows remote attackers to write files to any filesystem location via prompt injection in pcap payloads that trigger the wireshark_export_objects MCP tool. The vulnerability exploits missing mandatory path restrictions when the WIRESHARK_MCP_ALLOWED_DIRS environment variable is not configured (default state). An attacker can craft a malicious pcap with embedded HTTP objects bearing filenames like authorized_keys, manipulate an AI model using the MCP server into calling export_objects with dest_dir=/home/user/.ssh/, and achieve SSH access, cron hijacking, or web shell placement. Publicly available proof of concept confirms exploitation against version 1.1.5 with tshark 4.6.4; no vendor-released patch exists at time of analysis.
Path traversal in MinIO's ReadMultiple internode storage-REST endpoint allows authenticated cluster peers or root-credential holders to read arbitrary files from the host filesystem outside configured drive roots. Distributed-erasure (multi-node) deployments are affected; single-node standalone deployments are not. The vulnerability exists in all releases from RELEASE.2022-07-24T01-54-52Z through RELEASE.2025-09-07T16-13-09Z and has been fixed as of MinIO AIStor RELEASE.2024-10-23T19-38-07Z (with security patch RELEASE.2026-04-14T21-32-45Z recommended). No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.
Arbitrary file deletion via path traversal in Betheme WordPress theme version 28.4 and earlier allows authenticated contributors and above to delete arbitrary files on the server by manipulating the mfn-icon-upload parameter in the upload_icons() function. The vulnerability requires valid WordPress account credentials at contributor level or higher but exploits an unconstrained filesystem move operation to bypass upload directory restrictions. No public exploit code or active KEV listing identified at analysis time.
Path traversal vulnerability in 54yyyu code-mcp's MCP File Handler (function is_safe_path in src/code_mcp/server.py) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to access files outside intended directories with low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Publicly available exploit code exists; the project uses rolling releases without versioned releases, and the vendor has not yet responded to early disclosure.
Path traversal in UsamaK98 python-notebook-mcp allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read, write, and manipulate notebook files outside their intended directory via crafted input to the create_notebook, read_notebook, edit_cell, and add_cell functions in server.py. Public exploit code is available. The project uses rolling releases with no versioning, and the vendor has not yet responded to the initial issue report despite early notification.
EmailKit plugin for WordPress versions up to 1.6.5 allows authenticated attackers with Author-level access to read arbitrary files from the server due to a path traversal vulnerability in the create_template() method. The vulnerability exploits a PHP 8.x type coercion flaw where realpath() returns false for non-existent directories, causing strpos() validation to incorrectly evaluate and bypass directory restrictions. Attackers can retrieve sensitive files such as wp-config.php by submitting absolute paths via the emailkit-editor-template REST API parameter. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability mechanism is trivial to weaponize once authentication is obtained.
Loco Translate plugin for WordPress versions up to 2.8.2 allows authenticated attackers with Translator-level access to read arbitrary files outside the intended translation directory via path traversal in the `fsReference` AJAX endpoint. The vulnerability exploits insufficient validation of directory traversal sequences (`../`) in the `findSourceFile()` method, enabling disclosure of sensitive `.php`, `.js`, `.json`, and `.twig` files including wp-config.php-adjacent files. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the attack requires administrative capability assignment (`loco_admin` capability) granted to translators by default.
Arbitrary file writing via directory traversal in Nix versions before 2.34.7 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to overwrite files on systems running vulnerable versions of nix-prefetch-url or nix store prefetch-file with the --unpack flag. The vulnerability exploits improper path validation during archive extraction, enabling an attacker to craft malicious packages that write to arbitrary filesystem locations when unpacked. CVSS 5.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) reflects network-based exploitation without authentication, though real-world impact depends on file permissions and deployment context. No active exploitation has been confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Path traversal vulnerability in RTGS2017 NagaAgent up to version 5.1.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to manipulate the Name argument in the Skills Endpoint (apiserver/routes/extensions.py) to access arbitrary files on the server with limited confidentiality impact. Exploit code has been publicly disclosed and the vendor was informed via issue report but has not responded with a patch.
Path traversal in Axle-Bucamp MCP-Docusaurus document handling functions allows remote unauthenticated attackers to manipulate the DOCS_DIR path parameter in update_document, continue_document, delete_document, and get_content endpoints, enabling unauthorized file access and manipulation. The vulnerability affects all versions up to commit 404bc028e15ec304c9a045528560f4b5f27a17e0, with publicly available exploit code disclosed via GitHub issues.
Path traversal in Detect-It-Easy archive extraction allows local attackers to write arbitrary files outside intended directories and achieve persistent code execution by overwriting user startup scripts. Affects all versions prior to 3.21. Exploitation requires user interaction to open a specially crafted archive file. Vendor-released patch available in version 3.21, with fixes applied across multiple repository components (DIE-engine, Formats, XArchive). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability class is well-understood and exploitation techniques are documented.
OpenC3 COSMOS before versions 6.10.5 and 7.0.0-rc3 allows authenticated users to write arbitrary files to the shared /plugins directory via path traversal sequences in tool configuration filenames, potentially overwriting other plugins' configuration files. The vulnerability exists in the save_tool_config() function which canonicalizes filenames but does not restrict writes to plugin-specific subdirectories, enabling lateral movement between plugins. CVSS 4.3 reflects low severity due to authentication requirement and limited scope (integrity only), though real-world impact depends on whether plugin configurations contain sensitive data.
Arbitrary file write vulnerability in PPTAgent prior to commit 418491a allows authenticated users with UI interaction to write files outside the intended workspace via path traversal in the save_generated_slides function, potentially overwriting arbitrary files on the system. CVSS 4.6 (low integrity and availability impact); no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
PPTAgent prior to commit 418491a allows authenticated users to write arbitrary files and create directories outside intended workspace boundaries via path traversal in the markdown_table_to_image function. An attacker with login access can supply crafted file paths containing directory traversal sequences to escape the configured workspace and write malicious files to arbitrary locations on the system. The vulnerability requires user interaction (UI:R in CVSS vector) and affects confidentiality and availability, with no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
Path traversal in puchunjie doc-tools-mcp 1.0.18 MCP Interface allows authenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary files on the system via manipulation of the filePath argument in create_document and open_document functions. The vulnerability has a low CVSS score (2.1) due to authentication requirements and limited confidentiality impact, but publicly available exploit code exists. The vendor has not responded to the early disclosure.
Magic Export & Import WordPress plugin before version 1.2.0 stores exported CSV files in a publicly accessible web directory, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to enumerate and download sensitive user data without authentication. The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 1.2.0, has publicly available proof-of-concept code, and carries moderate real-world risk due to the low attack complexity and high automatable nature of exploitation, though the actual severity is constrained by the fact that CSV export must first occur and require that files remain accessible.
Path traversal in ryanjoachim mcp-rtfm 0.1.0 allows authenticated remote attackers to read, write, and delete arbitrary files by manipulating the docFile parameter in the get_doc_content, read_doc, update_doc, and related MCP interface functions. Publicly available exploit code exists, and the vulnerability affects all versions of the product without a patched release identifier provided. An authenticated user can exploit this with no user interaction required via network access to escape the intended .handoff_docs directory and access files outside the designated documentation scope.
Path traversal in ravenwits mcp-server-arangodb up to version 0.4.7 allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the outputDir argument in the arango_backup function, enabling unauthorized file system access with limited confidentiality and integrity impact. The vulnerability affects the MCP Interface component and has publicly available exploit code; however, the low CVSS score (2.1) reflects constrained real-world risk due to the requirement for authenticated access and limited technical impact scope.
Path traversal vulnerability in AV Stumpfl Pixera Two Media Server up to version 25.1 R2 allows adjacent network attackers to access arbitrary files via manipulation of an unknown function on Service Port 1338. The vulnerability has a low CVSS score of 2.1 due to adjacency requirement (AV:A) and confidentiality-only impact, but publicly available exploit code exists and the vendor has released a patch in version 25.2 R3.
Path traversal in jsbroks COCO Annotator up to version 0.11.1 allows authenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary files on the server by manipulating the folder argument in the Data Endpoint (backend/webserver/api/datasets.py). The vulnerability requires valid user credentials and an attacker can only read files with limited technical impact, but publicly available exploit code exists and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.
Path traversal vulnerability in kerwincui FastBee up to version 1.2.1 allows authenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary files on the server via manipulation of the fileName parameter in the ToolController.download endpoint. The vulnerability has publicly available exploit code and affects the Tool Download functionality, enabling unauthorized file disclosure with low CVSS impact (4.3) due to authentication requirements and limited scope.
Path traversal in the MCP Interface export_state function of ruvnet sublinear-time-solver 1.5.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to manipulate file paths, resulting in information disclosure and integrity compromise. Public exploit code is available and the vulnerability has CVSS 6.5 (medium severity) with proof-of-concept publicly disclosed, though the vendor has not yet responded to early notification.
Path traversal in 8nite metatrader-4-mcp 1.0.0 allows authenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary files via manipulation of the ea_name argument in the CallToolRequestSchema function of src/index.ts. The vulnerability affects the sync_ea_from_file component, has publicly available exploit code, and impacts confidentiality with a CVSS score of 2.1. The vendor has not responded to early disclosure notification.
Path traversal in Dayoooun hwpx-mcp 0.2.0 allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the output_path argument in save_document, export_to_text, and export_to_html functions, enabling arbitrary file write or read operations outside intended directories. The vulnerability affects the MCP Interface component (mcp-server/src/index.ts) with low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Publicly available exploit code exists, and the vendor has not responded to early disclosure.
Path traversal in Flux159 mcp-game-asset-gen 0.1.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read, write, and potentially delete arbitrary files via manipulation of the statusFile parameter in the image_to_3d_async function. The vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited with publicly available exploit code (GitHub issue #3). CVSS 7.3 reflects network-accessible attack with low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Despite early responsible disclosure via issue report, the maintainer has not responded, leaving the open-source project unpatched.
Path traversal in the CSV Export endpoint of ghantakiran's splunk-mcp-integration allows remote unauthenticated attackers to access arbitrary files on the server by manipulating the job_name parameter in the create_csv_export function. The vulnerability affects all versions up to commit 0b86b09d5e5adf0433acd43c975951224613a1a6, with publicly available exploit code disclosed via GitHub issue; no vendor patch has been released despite early notification.
Path traversal in ggerve coding-standards-mcp server.py allows remote unauthenticated attackers to access arbitrary files by manipulating the Language parameter in the get_style_guide and get_best_practices functions. The vulnerability has publicly available exploit code and affects the product's rolling-release model where specific vulnerable versions are not formally documented. The project maintainer has not yet responded to the early vulnerability disclosure.
Quick Facts
- Typical Severity
- HIGH
- Category
- web
- Total CVEs
- 8612