Local File Inclusion
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to specify which file should be loaded or executed, typically through functions like PHP's `include()`, `require()`, or `fopen()`.
How It Works
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to specify which file should be loaded or executed, typically through functions like PHP's include(), require(), or fopen(). The attacker manipulates file path parameters—often using directory traversal sequences like ../ or absolute paths—to access files outside the intended directory. For example, a URL parameter ?page=dashboard might be vulnerable if changed to ?page=../../../../etc/passwd.
Modern LFI exploitation extends beyond simple file reading. Attackers leverage PHP wrappers like php://filter to apply encoding filters that bypass content restrictions. The php://filter/convert.base64-encode wrapper allows reading PHP source code without execution, exposing credentials and logic flaws. More sophisticated attacks chain multiple filters together to construct executable PHP code from seemingly harmless character transformations.
Log poisoning escalates LFI to remote code execution by injecting malicious PHP code into log files (access logs, error logs, email logs), then using the LFI vulnerability to include and execute those logs. Attackers can also abuse data wrappers (data://text/plain,<?php system($_GET['cmd']);?>) or expect:// protocol handlers depending on server configuration.
Impact
- Source code disclosure — exposing application logic, API keys, database credentials, and proprietary algorithms
- Configuration file access — reading database connection strings, encryption keys, cloud service credentials from config files
- Sensitive data extraction — accessing
/etc/passwd, SSH keys, user data files, session tokens - Remote code execution — through log poisoning, wrapper abuse, or including uploaded files containing malicious code
- Lateral movement preparation — gathering internal network details, service configurations, and authentication mechanisms
Real-World Examples
The osTicket CVE-2022-22200 vulnerability demonstrated advanced filter chain exploitation where attackers injected a PHP filter chain into a ticket's CSS style attribute. The malicious payload bypassed the htmLawed HTML sanitizer using strategic whitespace, then exploited mPDF's processing of php:// wrappers after URL-decoding. This allowed arbitrary file reading that escalated to RCE through chained filter operations.
phpMyAdmin has experienced multiple LFI vulnerabilities where attackers manipulated theme selection or language file parameters to include arbitrary files, often combining this with session file poisoning to achieve code execution. Content management systems like WordPress plugins frequently expose LFI through template loading mechanisms where developers fail to validate file path inputs properly.
Mitigation
- Eliminate dynamic file inclusion — use routing tables or switch statements mapping IDs to hardcoded file paths instead of concatenating user input
- Strict allowlisting — maintain explicit arrays of permitted files; validate user input against this list, never use input directly in paths
- Disable dangerous PHP wrappers — set
allow_url_include=0andallow_url_fopen=0in php.ini; disableexpect://,phar://, anddata://wrappers - Implement path canonicalization — resolve paths with
realpath(), verify they remain within allowed directories usingstrpos()checks - Apply least privilege — run web applications with minimal file system permissions, preventing access to sensitive system files
- Input validation — reject any input containing
../, absolute paths, null bytes, or protocol specifiers
Recent CVEs (1266)
Local file inclusion in Subscribe to Download WordPress plugin versions up to 2.0.9 allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to read arbitrary files on the server via manipulated PHP include paths. EPSS exploitation probability is low at 0.11% (29th percentile), and no active exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV. The vulnerability requires authentication (PR:L) and high attack complexity (AC:H), limiting widespread exploitation risk despite the 7.5 CVSS score. Patchstack has documented this vulnerability, suggesting detection signatures exist for web application firewalls.
Local File Inclusion in Testimonial Slider WordPress plugin allows authenticated attackers with low-level privileges to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution, information disclosure, or complete site compromise. All versions through 3.5.8.6 are affected. The vulnerability requires only low-privilege authentication (PR:L) and has network attack vector (AV:N) with low complexity (AC:L), making it readily exploitable by registered users. EPSS score of 0.14% indicates low predicted exploitation probability in the wild, and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified at time of analysis.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in PenciDesign Soledad allows PHP Local File Inclusion.6.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in hashthemes Easy Elementor Addons allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in immonex immonex Kickstart Team allows PHP Local File Inclusion.6.9. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Pluginwale Easy Pricing Table WP allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Catch Dark Mode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.0 via the 'catch_dark_mode' shortcode. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Spirit Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.13. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Ultimate Classified Listings plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.6 via the 'uclwp_dashboard' shortcode. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Ziston allows PHP Local File Inclusion. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in uxper Sala.1.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in solwin Blog Designer PRO.4.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in highwarden Super Store Finder.9.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Indutri allows PHP Local File Inclusion. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove MaxCoach allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RealMag777 InPost Gallery allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.4.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The WordPress Helpdesk Integration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.10 via the portal_type parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in immonex immonex Kickstart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.11.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BuddyDev MediaPress allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.9.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Solwin Blog Designer PRO.4.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme Ireca allows PHP Local File Inclusion.8.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Kipso allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme Ovatheme Events allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in TieLabs Jannah allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Assaf Parag Poll, Survey & Quiz Maker Plugin by Opinion Stage allows PHP Local. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CodeYatri Gutenify allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Unfoldwp Magazine allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WPInterface BlogMarks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.0.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Unfoldwp Magazine Elite allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Unfoldwp Magazine Saga allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeUniver Glamer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.0.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Favethemes Houzez allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CocoBasic Neresa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in FunnelKit Funnel Builder by FunnelKit allows PHP Local File Inclusion.11.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Tribulant Software Newsletters allows PHP Local File Inclusion.10. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Schiocco Support Board allows PHP Local File Inclusion.8.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Saleswonder Team Tobias CF7 WOW Styler allows PHP Local File Inclusion.7.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Cozmoslabs Paid Member Subscriptions allows PHP Local File Inclusion.15.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in nK Ghost Kit allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews allows PHP Local File Inclusion.0.15. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in bdthemes ZoloBlocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WP Travel WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.9.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme eventlist allows PHP Local File Inclusion.9.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in favethemes Houzez allows PHP Local File Inclusion.0.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Roxnor FundEngine allows PHP Local File Inclusion.7.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Benjamin Denis SEOPress for MainWP allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Cena Store allows PHP Local File Inclusion.11.26. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CocoBasic Caliris allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Michele Giorgi Formality allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.9. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in dedalx Cook&Meal allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The Soledad theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 8.6.7 via the 'header_layout' parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Woocommerce Blocks - Woolook plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.0 via the via the 'tab' parameter. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The BizCalendar Web plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0.50 via the 'bizcalv' shortcode. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Unicamp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.6.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Makeaholic allows PHP Local File Inclusion.8.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themeStek Xinterio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Urna allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in eyecix JobSearch allows PHP Local File Inclusion.9.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RealMag777 Google Map Targeting allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WebCodingPlace Responsive Posts Carousel WordPress Plugin allows PHP Local. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Acato WP REST Cache allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in GravityWP GravityWP - Merge Tags allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Cloud Infrastructure Services Cloud SAML SSO - Single Sign On Login allows PHP. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in octagonwebstudio Premium Addons for KingComposer allows PHP Local File. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in PublishPress Gutenberg Blocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Dylan Kuhn Geo Mashup allows PHP Local File Inclusion.13.16. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wipeoutmedia CSS & JavaScript Toolbox allows PHP Local File Inclusion. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in stmcan RT-Theme 18 | Extensions allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeAtelier IDonatePro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.9. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThimPress WP Pipes allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in beeteam368 BeeTeam368 Extensions allows PHP Local File Inclusion.9.4. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in beeteam368 VidMov allows PHP Local File Inclusion.9.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WP Royal Themes News Magazine X allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2.37. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Organization Portal System developed by WellChoose has a Local File Inclusion vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in Vedo Suite version 2024.17 allows remote authenticated attackers to read arbitrary filesystem files by exploiting an unsanitized 'readfile()' function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Local file inclusion vulnerability in HT Contact Form 7 plugin version 2.0.0 and earlier allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files from the server filesystem, potentially exposing sensitive configuration files, credentials, and source code. The vulnerability exists in PHP file inclusion/require statements that fail to properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input, enabling attackers to traverse the directory structure and access files outside the intended directory scope. With an EPSS score of 0.14% indicating low exploitation probability despite the technical capability, this vulnerability requires direct web interaction but poses information disclosure risks rather than remote code execution.
The WoodMart plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 8.2.3 via the 'layout' attribute. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary .php files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where .php files can be uploaded and included.
The Widget for Google Reviews plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.15 via the layout parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included. This is limited to just PHP files.
Unauthenticated local file inclusion in Kossy WordPress Theme up to version 1.45 allows attackers to include arbitrary local files, potentially leading to remote code execution and full site compromise. The vulnerability has a high CVSS score (8.1) but a low EPSS exploitation probability (0.13%); no active exploitation has been confirmed in the wild. A patch has not been publicly identified.
A security vulnerability in cmsmasters CMSMasters Content Composer allows PHP Local File Inclusion (CVSS 8.1). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
Local file inclusion in NasaTheme Elessi WordPress theme allows authenticated low-privilege users to include arbitrary PHP files, exposing sensitive configuration data and potentially enabling code execution. Elessi versions before 6.4.1 are affected; vendor patch available. No active exploitation reported, and EPSS score low at 0.13%.
Local file inclusion in the PrivateContent - Mail Actions WordPress plugin allows unauthenticated attackers to include arbitrary local files, leading to potential remote code execution or sensitive data disclosure. Affects versions up to 2.3.2, with exploitation requiring user interaction and high attack complexity. No active exploitation or public exploit code has been reported as of this analysis.
The Ads Pro Plugin - Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion which leads to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.89. This is due to the presence of a SQL Injection vulnerability and Local File Inclusion vulnerability that can be chained with an image upload. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server upload image files on the server than can be fetched via a SQL injection vulnerability, and ultimately executed as PHP code through the local file inclusion vulnerability.
The Ads Pro Plugin - Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.89 via the 'bsa_template' parameter of the `bsa_preview_callback` function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases .php files can can be uploaded and included, or already exist on the site.
A security vulnerability in devnex Devnex Addons For Elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion (CVSS 7.5). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
Local file inclusion in WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce 1.71 and earlier allows authenticated low-privilege users (e.g., subscribers) to include arbitrary local files on the WordPress host, potentially leading to sensitive data disclosure or remote code execution. No evidence of active exploitation or public exploit code exists; the EPSS score of 0.16% (36th percentile) indicates a low probability of widespread attacks.
A security vulnerability in nicdark Hotel Booking allows PHP Local File Inclusion (CVSS 7.5). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
Local File Inclusion in the Gmedia Photo Gallery WordPress plugin (≤1.23.0) allows low-privileged authenticated attackers to include arbitrary local files on the server, potentially leading to sensitive data exposure or code execution. No active exploitation has been reported, and the EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.16%).
PHP local file inclusion
Local file inclusion in AncoraThemes CityGov WordPress theme through version 1.9 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to include arbitrary local files, potentially leading to information disclosure or code execution. Attack complexity is high, and no active exploitation has been confirmed; EPSS indicates a low likelihood of widespread exploitation.
Quick Facts
- Typical Severity
- HIGH
- Category
- web
- Total CVEs
- 1266