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Information Disclosure

other MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

How It Works

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.

Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.

The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.

Impact

  • Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
  • Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
  • Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
  • Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
  • Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures

Real-World Examples

A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.

Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.

Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.

Mitigation

  • Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
  • Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
  • Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (.git, backup files, phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment
  • Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
  • Security headers: Deploy X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing
  • Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity

Recent CVEs (73901)

EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privilege escalation in Windows Management Services (Windows 10/11) stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, allowing authenticated local users to gain elevated privileges through race condition exploitation. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows versions including 22H2 and 24H2 builds, with no patch currently available. An attacker with valid credentials can leverage this flaw to escalate from a standard user account to system-level access.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +10
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in Windows Local Session Manager (LSM) across Windows 11 23h2, Windows Server 2012, and 2019 stems from improper synchronization in shared resource handling, enabling authenticated attackers to elevate privileges on affected systems. The vulnerability requires local access and specific timing conditions to exploit, with no patch currently available. This affects systems running the impacted Windows and Server editions where authenticated users may achieve system-level privileges.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +14
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in Windows Management Services affects Windows Server 2019, Windows 11 24h2, and Windows Server 2025 through improper synchronization of shared resources, enabling authenticated users to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability exploits a race condition that an attacker can trigger without user interaction, though no patch is currently available.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +10
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Windows Management Services on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019 contains a race condition in shared resource synchronization that enables local privilege escalation for authenticated users. An attacker with local access can exploit improper locking mechanisms to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +10
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Double free in Windows Win32K - ICOMP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. [CVSS 7.0 HIGH]

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 11 23h2 +5
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Windows Management Services on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2022 contain a race condition in shared resource handling that permits authenticated local attackers to escalate privileges to system level. The vulnerability stems from improper synchronization during concurrent operations and affects multiple Windows versions including Windows 10 22H2 and 1809. No patch is currently available for this high-severity issue (CVSS 7.8).

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +10
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Windows 10 1607 is affected by access of resource using incompatible type (type confusion) (CVSS 7.8).

Information Disclosure Memory Corruption Microsoft +14
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver contains an unsafe pointer dereference vulnerability that enables authenticated local users to achieve privilege escalation on affected Windows versions including Windows 10 1809, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this flaw to gain elevated system privileges without user interaction. No patch is currently available for this high-severity vulnerability.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1809 +9
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH PATCH This Week

Windows Kerberos authentication in multiple Windows versions accepts untrusted input during security decisions, enabling authenticated network attackers to escalate privileges without user interaction. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 (versions 1607 and 1809), Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2025, with no patch currently available. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this to gain elevated system access across the network.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1607 +13
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privilege escalation via race condition in Windows SMB Server affects Windows 10 21h2, Windows 11 25h2, and Windows Server 2022 23h2, allowing authenticated attackers to gain elevated privileges over the network. The vulnerability stems from improper synchronization when handling concurrent access to shared resources, and no patch is currently available. With a CVSS score of 7.5, this poses a significant risk to organizations using affected Windows versions.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +13
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel on Windows 11 and Linux systems results from improper synchronization of concurrent access to shared resources, allowing authenticated local attackers to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability requires specific timing conditions to exploit but impacts multiple Windows versions and Linux distributions. No patch is currently available for this race condition vulnerability.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +12
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privileged local attackers can exploit a use-after-free vulnerability in the Windows RPC IDL subsystem to gain system-level code execution on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2022 systems. The vulnerability requires local access and valid credentials but allows complete compromise of the target system with no user interaction required. No patch is currently available, leaving vulnerable systems at risk.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1607 +11
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (afd.sys) lets an authorized low-privileged user win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use race to elevate to SYSTEM across a broad range of Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025). Exploitation requires local code execution and reliably winning a narrow timing window, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile) and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, indicating no evidence of active exploitation.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1607 +13
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in the Tablet Windows User Interface (TWINUI) subsystem of Microsoft Windows lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user win a race condition (CWE-362) to gain higher privileges. The flaw spans a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2, Windows Server 2016 through 2025) and, per its high-integrity/high-confidentiality/high-availability impact, can yield full SYSTEM-level control on a compromised host. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS rates near-term mass exploitation as very low (0.03%).

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +12
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH POC PATCH This Week

Windows Error Reporting on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 fails to properly validate user privileges, enabling local authenticated users to escalate to system-level access. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this permission handling flaw to gain full control over the affected system. Currently no patch is available for this high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 7.8).

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 21h2 +7
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Installer (msiexec/Windows Installer service) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to win a time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race and gain SYSTEM-level privileges across supported Windows client and server releases. Exploitation requires local access and winning a narrow timing window, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is very low (0.03%, 6th percentile), reflecting the high attack complexity and lack of observed exploitation.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1607 +13
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privilege escalation in Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 Capability Access Management Service stems from improper synchronization of shared resources, enabling a local authenticated attacker to gain elevated privileges. The vulnerability exploits a race condition that can be triggered without user interaction, though successful exploitation requires specific timing and system conditions. No patch is currently available for this high-severity issue.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +3
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privilege escalation in the Graphics Kernel affects Linux, Windows Server 2016, and Windows 10 1607 through a race condition in shared resource synchronization. A local authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges on the affected system. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +12
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

Local privilege escalation in Windows Win32K (ICOMP) via type confusion allows authenticated users to gain system-level access on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025. The vulnerability affects multiple recent Windows versions with no available patch, requiring immediate mitigation strategies for at-risk environments. Exploitation requires local access but no user interaction, making it a significant risk for multi-user systems.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 11 23h2 +5
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Privilege escalation in Windows Printer Association Object affects Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022/2025 through a race condition in shared resource access. An authenticated local attacker can exploit improper synchronization to gain elevated system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

Information Disclosure Race Condition Microsoft +4
NVD VulDB
EPSS 5% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Desktop Windows Manager on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022 leaks sensitive information to local authenticated users, enabling disclosure of confidential data without modifying or disrupting system functionality. This vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited and affects multiple Windows versions with no patch currently available. An authorized attacker can exploit this with minimal complexity to extract sensitive information from the system.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1607 +12
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

Firefox JavaScript engine has a use-after-free vulnerability. Affects Firefox < 147, Firefox ESR < 140.7, Thunderbird < 147 and < 140.7.

Information Disclosure Use After Free Memory Corruption +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.8
HIGH PATCH This Week

A use-after-free vulnerability in the IPC component of Firefox (versions below 147 and ESR versions below 115.32/140.7) and Thunderbird (versions below 147 and 140.7) enables remote code execution when users interact with malicious content. The flaw requires user interaction and network access, allowing attackers to achieve full system compromise with high integrity and confidentiality impact. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

Information Disclosure Use After Free Memory Corruption +2
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.0
HIGH PATCH This Week

Incorrect boundary condition validation in Firefox and Thunderbird's WebGL graphics component allows attackers to escape the sandbox and potentially execute arbitrary code through a crafted web page or malicious content. The vulnerability affects Firefox versions below 147, Firefox ESR below 140.7, Thunderbird below 147, and Thunderbird ESR below 140.7, and requires user interaction to exploit. No patch is currently available.

Information Disclosure Mozilla Thunderbird
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.8
HIGH POC PATCH This Week

Remote code execution in Emlog v2.6.1 and earlier allows authenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files through an insufficiently validated REST API endpoint (/index.php?rest-api=upload), enabling malicious PHP execution on the server. Attackers can exploit this by obtaining valid API credentials through administrator access or information disclosure flaws, then uploading executable scripts to achieve full system compromise. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and affected administrators should apply available patches immediately.

PHP RCE Information Disclosure +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.6
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

DFIR-IRIS incident response platform before 2.4.24 allows authenticated users to delete arbitrary filesystem paths through mass assignment of the file_local_name field combined with path trust in the delete operation. Scope change with high integrity/availability impact. Patch available.

Information Disclosure Iris Dfir Iris
NVD GitHub
EPSS 14% CVSS 8.7
HIGH POC PATCH THREAT Act Now

Arbitrary local file read in Enhancesoft osTicket 1.18.x (before 1.18.3) and 1.17.x (before 1.17.7) lets a remote unauthenticated attacker embed the contents of server-side files into an exported ticket PDF. By submitting a ticket whose rich-text HTML carries crafted PHP filter expressions, the attacker abuses the mPDF export path to render attacker-chosen files as bitmap images, disclosing sensitive data such as configuration files and credentials. Publicly available exploit code exists (Horizon3 'Ticket to Shell' research) and the EPSS score of 13.58% (94th percentile) reflects elevated near-term exploitation likelihood; there is no public exploit identified as active in CISA KEV.

PHP Information Disclosure Osticket +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH POC PATCH This Week

SM2 elliptic curve implementations in RustCrypto versions 0.14.0-pre.0 and 0.14.0-rc.0 suffer from a critical entropy reduction flaw where ephemeral nonce generation requests only 32 bits instead of 256 bits of randomness, degrading encryption security from 128-bit to 16-bit strength. Public exploit code exists, allowing attackers to recover the nonce and decrypt ciphertexts using only the public key and encrypted message. A patch is available for affected deployments.

Information Disclosure Sm2 Elliptic Curve Rustcrypto
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.1
CRITICAL PATCH Act Now

OpenProject (before 16.6.4) has a local file read vulnerability through SVG-based ImageMagick exploitation in the PDF export feature. Authenticated users can read server files by uploading malicious SVGs disguised as PNGs. Patch available.

Information Disclosure Openproject
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH POC PATCH This Week

CryptoLib versions prior to 1.4.3 contain an out-of-bounds heap read in the cryptography_aead_encrypt() function, affecting spacecraft communications secured via the SDLS-EP protocol. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, allowing remote attackers to trigger a denial of service condition without authentication. The vulnerability impacts systems using CryptoLib for ground-to-spacecraft communications and has been patched in version 1.4.3.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure Cryptolib +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.2
HIGH POC This Week

CryptoLib versions prior to 1.4.3 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the Crypto_AOS_ProcessSecurity function that allows remote attackers to crash spacecraft communications systems when parsing malformed AOS frame hashes. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability affecting cFS deployments that rely on SDLS-EP for spacecraft-to-ground station security. The vulnerability has high severity due to its denial of service impact on critical space communications infrastructure, and no patch is currently available.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure Cryptolib +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH This Week

PHP Local File Inclusion in G5Theme Handmade Framework versions up to 3.9 enables authenticated attackers to read arbitrary files on the server through improper validation of include/require statements. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this vulnerability to access sensitive configuration files, source code, or other protected data without requiring user interaction. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.

PHP WordPress Information Disclosure +2
NVD
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL POC PATCH Act Now

OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS) before 4.22.0 and 3.3.8 has a bug in rule 922110 that allows WAF bypass on multipart requests. The rule's capture variables get overwritten when processing multiple parts, allowing SQL injection and other attacks to slip through. PoC available, patch available.

Information Disclosure Owasp Modsecurity Core Rule Set Owasp
NVD GitHub VulDB Exploit-DB
EPSS 7% CVSS 10.0
CRITICAL POC PATCH Act Now

n8n workflow automation (1.65.0 to 1.121.0) allows unauthenticated file access through form-based workflows. A critical CVSS 10.0 vulnerability enabling remote attackers to read sensitive files from the server, with potential for further compromise. PoC available.

Information Disclosure Path Traversal Node.js +2
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.9
HIGH PATCH This Week

Uncontrolled resource consumption in the Python urllib3 HTTP client library (versions 1.22 through 2.6.2) lets a malicious or compromised server crash or exhaust memory on the client by serving a compressed redirect response. When an application streams from an untrusted source with preload_content=False and has not disabled redirects, urllib3 eagerly drains and decompresses the entire redirect body before any read call, ignoring configured read limits, leaving no defense against decompression bombs. EPSS is low (0.03%), there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not in CISA KEV, but the bug is broadly reachable given urllib3's ubiquity.

Python Information Disclosure Urllib3
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL POC PATCH Act Now

Authentication bypass in OpenFlagr (the openflagr/flagr feature-flag service) versions up to and including 1.1.18 lets remote unauthenticated attackers reach protected API endpoints by exploiting flawed path normalization in the HTTP middleware's prefix whitelist. Attackers can read and modify feature flags and export sensitive configuration data with no credentials. A public technical writeup ('0day speedrun') exists, but there is no public exploit identified as weaponized and no active exploitation has been confirmed; EPSS is low at 0.13%.

Authentication Bypass Information Disclosure Suse
NVD GitHub
POC Act Now

Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of CVE-2025-55182. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub
EPSS 3% CVSS 8.8
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Google Chrome V8 contains a type confusion vulnerability in the JavaScript engine, the second V8 type confusion zero-day in 2025, exploited in targeted attacks.

Information Disclosure Google Memory Corruption
NVD VulDB
EPSS 1% CVSS 7.0
HIGH POC KEV THREAT Act Now

Windows Kernel contains a race condition vulnerability enabling local privilege escalation through concurrent resource access with improper synchronization.

Windows Information Disclosure Race Condition +11
NVD Exploit-DB VulDB
EPSS 0% 4.6 CVSS 7.8
HIGH POC KEV THREAT Act Now

Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Host Process for Windows Tasks allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Microsoft
NVD VulDB
EPSS 86% 6.0 CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL POC THREAT Emergency

The AI Engine WordPress plugin through version 3.1.3 exposes Bearer Token values through the /mcp/v1/ REST API endpoint when the No-Auth URL feature is enabled. Unauthenticated attackers can extract this token to gain full API access, compromising AI assistant configurations and potentially accessing connected LLM provider API keys.

PHP WordPress Privilege Escalation +1
NVD
EPSS 0% 6.1 CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Concurrent write access to AF_ALG cryptographic sockets in the Linux kernel corrupts internal socket state and interleaves cryptographic data in an unpredictable manner, undermining the integrity and availability of kernel crypto operations for local users. The flaw spans multiple stable kernel branches up to and including 6.17-rc4, with six upstream patch commits available. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; the Siemens SSA-019113 advisory confirms downstream impact on industrial and embedded Linux-based products.

Information Disclosure Linux Race Condition
NVD VulDB
EPSS 1% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Google Chrome V8 JavaScript engine contains a type confusion vulnerability enabling heap corruption through crafted HTML pages, exploited in the wild in June 2025.

Information Disclosure Google Memory Corruption
NVD VulDB
EPSS 74% 7.0 CVSS 9.1
CRITICAL POC KEV THREAT Emergency

Session hijacking in Adobe Commerce (Magento) 2.4.x through 2.4.9-alpha2 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to take over active user sessions via improper input validation, confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV). With 73.72% EPSS score (99th percentile) and public exploit code available, this represents a critical, widespread threat to e-commerce platforms. Attackers gain unauthorized access to user accounts including administrative sessions without requiring victim interaction.

Information Disclosure Adobe
NVD
EPSS 0% 6.4 CVSS 7.1
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

This vulnerability in the Linux kernel's TLS receive path allows a local attacker with low privileges to cause a denial of service or potentially leak sensitive information in memory. The flaw occurs when handling zero-length TLS records on the rx_list, where the kernel fails to properly handle the corner case of zero-length initial records during zero-copy decryption operations. With an EPSS score of only 0.01% (1st percentile), active exploitation is highly unlikely despite the 7.1 CVSS score, and patches are available from the vendor.

Information Disclosure Linux Debian +1
NVD VulDB
EPSS 17% CVSS 2.0
LOW POC PATCH THREAT Monitor

A vulnerability was found in givanz Vvveb 1.0.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 16.9%.

PHP Information Disclosure Vvveb
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 1% 4.6 CVSS 7.8
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Local privilege escalation in the Linux kernel's POSIX CPU timers subsystem stems from a time-of-check/time-of-use race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del() when an exiting non-autoreaping task is reaped by its parent or debugger mid-teardown. This condition is confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV) with publicly available exploit code, and while the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (local, low-complexity, low-privilege), EPSS estimates a modest 1.34% probability (69th percentile). An attacker with local code execution can trigger the race to corrupt timer state and escalate privileges on kernels built without CONFIG_POSIX_CPU_TIMERS_TASK_WORK=y.

Information Disclosure Linux Debian +1
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 1% CVSS 4.3
MEDIUM POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

loginok.html in Wing FTP Server before 7.4.4 discloses the full local installation path of the application when using a long value in the UID cookie.

Information Disclosure Wing Ftp Server Wftpserver
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.0
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Git contains a CRLF injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-48384, CVSS 8.0) in its config handling that allows attackers to escape header lines and modify config values. KEV-listed, this vulnerability in the world's most widely used version control system enables config injection attacks that could lead to arbitrary code execution through Git hooks, credential theft, or repository manipulation.

Information Disclosure Apple Debian +7
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% 4.6 CVSS 8.1
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Chrome's V8 engine contains a type confusion vulnerability (CVE-2025-6554, CVSS 8.1) enabling arbitrary read/write operations through crafted HTML pages. KEV-listed with public PoC, type confusion in V8 is the most reliable class of browser exploitation primitives, providing full memory read/write capability for code execution within the renderer sandbox.

Information Disclosure Chrome Google +4
NVD GitHub
EPSS 27% 5.7 CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Sudo before 1.9.17p1 contains a local root escalation vulnerability (CVE-2025-32463, CVSS 9.3) through the --chroot option, which loads /etc/nsswitch.conf from the user-controlled chroot directory instead of the host system. KEV-listed with EPSS 26.5% and public PoC, this vulnerability allows any user with sudo --chroot access to achieve root privileges by placing a malicious nsswitch configuration and library in their chroot.

Information Disclosure Debian Ubuntu +13
NVD Exploit-DB
EPSS 70% 7.0 CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Memory overread in Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway (versions before 14.1-43.56 and 13.1-58.32) lets remote unauthenticated attackers leak uninitialized memory contents - including session tokens and other secrets - from the appliance's login endpoint when it is deployed as a Gateway or AAA virtual server. Dubbed 'CitrixBleed 2,' it is confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV), publicly available exploit code exists, and it carries an EPSS score of 69.81% (99th percentile), placing it among the most likely-to-be-exploited CVEs. Leaked tokens enable session hijacking and MFA bypass, effectively granting attacker access to authenticated VPN/gateway sessions.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure Citrix +2
NVD Exploit-DB
EPSS 0% CVSS 4.2
MEDIUM KEV PATCH THREAT This Month

A denial of service vulnerability in This (CVSS 4.2). Risk factors: actively exploited (KEV-listed).

Information Disclosure Apple
NVD
EPSS 58% 6.5 CVSS 8.8
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Windows SMB contains an improper access control vulnerability (CVE-2025-33073, CVSS 8.8) enabling authenticated attackers to escalate privileges over the network. KEV-listed with EPSS 57.6% and public PoC, this vulnerability in the core Windows file sharing protocol affects every Windows system on the network, enabling lateral movement from any compromised domain account to SYSTEM-level access on SMB-accessible systems.

Windows Information Disclosure Microsoft +16
NVD Exploit-DB
EPSS 8% CVSS 4.0
MEDIUM KEV THREAT Act Now

The TeleMessage service through 2025-05-05 is based on a JSP application in which the heap content is roughly equivalent to a "core dump" in which a password previously sent over HTTP would be. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and no vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Telemessage Smarsh
NVD
EPSS 8% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM KEV THREAT Act Now

The TeleMessage service through 2025-05-05 configures Spring Boot Actuator with an exposed heap dump endpoint at a /heapdump URI, as exploited in the wild in May 2025. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and no vendor patch available.

Java Information Disclosure Telemessage +1
NVD
EPSS 69% 5.6 CVSS 10.0
CRITICAL POC THREAT Emergency

vBulletin versions 5.0.0 through 5.7.5 and 6.0.0 through 6.0.3 are vulnerable to remote code execution through crafted template conditional expressions. Attackers abuse PHP's alternative function invocation syntax to bypass template engine security checks and execute arbitrary PHP code, as actively exploited in the wild in May 2025.

PHP Information Disclosure Vbulletin
NVD
EPSS 1% CVSS 7.8
HIGH POC KEV THREAT Act Now

Windows CLFS Driver contains an input validation flaw enabling local privilege escalation, yet another CLFS kernel vulnerability in the May 2025 Patch Tuesday.

Windows Information Disclosure Microsoft +15
NVD
EPSS 4% CVSS 1.9
LOW KEV THREAT This Month

The TeleMessage archiving backend through 2025-05-05 holds cleartext copies of messages from TM SGNL (aka Archive Signal) app users, which is different functionality than described in the TeleMessage. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.9). Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and no vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Text Message Archiver Telemessage
NVD
EPSS 17% CVSS 8.7
HIGH KEV THREAT Act Now

Commvault Web Server allows authenticated remote attackers to create and execute webshells, exploited in the wild alongside CVE-2025-34028 for comprehensive backup infrastructure compromise.

Windows Information Disclosure Microsoft +1
NVD
EPSS 58% 6.5 CVSS 9.0
CRITICAL POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Yii Framework 2 before 2.0.52 contains a behavior attachment regression that allows attackers to exploit the __class array key for arbitrary class instantiation, exploited in the wild February-April 2025.

Information Disclosure Yii Yiiframework
NVD GitHub
EPSS 67% 5.5 CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL POC PATCH THREAT Act Now

BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 67.3%.

RCE Python Information Disclosure +2
NVD GitHub
EPSS 83% 6.6 CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Vite is a frontend tooling framework for javascript. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.

Information Disclosure Red Hat Vite +1
NVD GitHub
EPSS 36% CVSS 8.3
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Google Chrome on Windows contains a Mojo IPC handle validation flaw enabling sandbox escape through a malicious file, exploited in targeted attacks against Russian organizations in March 2025.

Windows Information Disclosure Chrome +3
NVD Exploit-DB
POC Act Now

Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure
NVD
EPSS 15% CVSS 8.6
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

reviewdog/action-setup GitHub Action was compromised with malicious code that dumped CI/CD secrets to workflow logs, affecting all reviewdog actions that depend on this setup action.

Information Disclosure Action Ast Grep Action Composite Template +4
NVD GitHub
EPSS 92% CVSS 8.6
HIGH POC KEV THREAT Act Now

tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action was compromised in a supply chain attack where modified tags pointed to credential-stealing code, exposing secrets from GitHub Actions workflows across thousands of repositories.

Information Disclosure Changed Files Tj Actions
NVD GitHub
EPSS 94% 7.8 CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL POC KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

A critical path equivalence vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's Default Servlet allows unauthenticated remote code execution through specially crafted PUT requests using internal dot notation in filenames. With EPSS of 94% and active exploitation in the wild, this represents one of the most dangerous Tomcat vulnerabilities in recent years, affecting versions 9.0.0-9.0.98, 10.1.0-10.1.34, and 11.0.0-11.0.2.

RCE Apache Information Disclosure +2
NVD GitHub HeroDevs Exploit-DB VulDB
EPSS 7% CVSS 7.1
HIGH KEV THREAT Act Now

VMware ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion contain an information disclosure vulnerability via HGFS out-of-bounds read, allowing VM administrators to leak memory from the VMX process on the host.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure VMware +6
NVD
EPSS 4% CVSS 7.1
HIGH KEV THREAT Act Now

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS management interface contains an authenticated file read vulnerability allowing reading of files accessible to the 'nobody' user, exploited alongside CVE-2025-0108 for configuration extraction.

Information Disclosure Paloalto Pan Os +1
NVD
EPSS 6% CVSS 7.1
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Windows Storage contains an elevation of privilege vulnerability through symlink following that allows authorized attackers to delete targeted files, enabling privilege escalation.

Windows Information Disclosure Microsoft +13
NVD
EPSS 9% CVSS 7.8
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a use-after-free vulnerability for local privilege escalation, the third of three Hyper-V zero-days exploited in January 2025.

Windows Information Disclosure Use After Free +9
NVD
EPSS 7% CVSS 7.8
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP contains a use-after-free vulnerability allowing local privilege escalation, the second of three Hyper-V zero-days in January 2025.

Windows Information Disclosure Use After Free +9
NVD
EPSS 62% 4.8 CVSS 7.5
HIGH POC THREAT Act Now

Multiple Netis WiFi router models contain an additional out-of-bounds read vulnerability similar to CVE-2024-48456, affecting the same broad range of models and firmware versions. Remote unauthenticated attackers can extract sensitive data from device memory including WiFi credentials and configuration secrets.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub
EPSS 81% 5.4 CVSS 7.5
HIGH POC THREAT Act Now

Multiple Netis WiFi router models contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive information from device memory. The affected models span the WiFi 6 NX10, WiFi 11AC NC65/NC63/NC21, and WiFi MW5360 product lines across multiple firmware versions.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub
EPSS 63% CVSS 2.7
LOW POC THREAT Monitor

An issue in Netis Wifi6 Router NX10 2.0.1.3643 and 2.0.1.3582 and Netis Wifi 11AC Router NC65 3.0.0.3749 and Netis Wifi 11AC Router NC63 3.0.0.3327 and 3.0.0.3503 and Netis Wifi 11AC Router NC21. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 63.5% and no vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub
EPSS 1% CVSS 7.1
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT This Week

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: usb-audio: Fix out of bounds reads when finding clock sources The current USB-audio driver code doesn't check bLength of each. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.

Buffer Overflow Information Disclosure Linux +3
NVD
EPSS 2% CVSS 5.5
MEDIUM KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: core: zero-initialize the report buffer Since the report buffer is used by all kinds of drivers in various ways, let's. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev).

Information Disclosure Linux Google +2
NVD
EPSS 82% CVSS 6.5
MEDIUM KEV PATCH THREAT This Month

NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1507 +14
NVD
EPSS 4% CVSS 9.3
CRITICAL KEV THREAT Act Now

ScienceLogic SL1 (formerly EM7) is affected by an unspecified vulnerability involving an unspecified third-party component packaged with SL1. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Sl1 Sciencelogic
NVD
EPSS 50% CVSS 5.3
MEDIUM POC PATCH THREAT This Month

CUPS is a standards-based, open-source printing system, and `cups-browsed` contains network printing functionality including, but not limited to, auto-discovering print services and shared printers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

Information Disclosure Cups Browsed Openprinting
NVD GitHub
EPSS 77% CVSS 8.6
HIGH POC PATCH THREAT Act Now

CUPS is a standards-based, open-source printing system, and `libcupsfilters` contains the code of the filters of the former `cups-filters` package as library functions to be used for the data format. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

Information Disclosure Libcupsfilters Openprinting
NVD GitHub
EPSS 61% CVSS 9.1
CRITICAL POC KEV THREAT Act Now

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx before firmware 6.3.40 is vulnerable to an insufficient authentication issue. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Authentication Bypass Information Disclosure Pt30X Sdi Firmware +2
NVD
EPSS 52% 4.8 CVSS 8.8
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT Act Now

Windows MSHTML Platform Spoofing Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1507 +14
NVD
EPSS 92% CVSS 9.8
CRITICAL POC KEV THREAT Act Now

A vulnerability in Cisco Smart Licensing Utility (CSLU) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to log into an affected system by using a static administrative credential. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Cisco Smart License Utility
NVD
EPSS 100% CVSS 7.5
HIGH POC KEV THREAT This Week

Direct Request ('Forced Browsing') vulnerability in Apache OFBiz.12.16. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Apache Information Disclosure Ofbiz
NVD
EPSS 28% CVSS 7.8
HIGH POC KEV PATCH THREAT This Week

Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

Information Disclosure Use After Free Memory Corruption +16
NVD Exploit-DB
EPSS 2% CVSS 7.8
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT This Week

Windows Power Dependency Coordinator Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Information Disclosure Use After Free Memory Corruption +15
NVD
EPSS 6% CVSS 7.0
HIGH KEV PATCH THREAT This Week

Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0).

Information Disclosure Microsoft Windows 10 1507 +12
NVD
EPSS 100% CVSS 9.2
CRITICAL POC KEV THREAT Act Now

ServiceNow has addressed an input validation vulnerability that was identified in the Washington DC, Vancouver, and earlier Now Platform releases. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Information Disclosure Servicenow
NVD
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