Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (74801)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/sched: Increment job count before swapping tail spsc queue A small race exists between spsc_queue_push and the run-job worker,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix oops due to non-existence of prealloc backlog struct If an AF_RXRPC service socket is opened and bound, but calls are. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: prevent A-MSDU attacks in mesh networks This patch is a mitigation to prevent the A-MSDU spoofing vulnerability for mesh. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe/pf: Clear all LMTT pages on alloc Our LMEM buffer objects are not cleared by default on alloc and during VF provisioning we. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mac80211: reject VHT opmode for unsupported channel widths VHT operating mode notifications are not defined for channel. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/sev: Use TSC_FACTOR for Secure TSC frequency calculation When using Secure TSC, the GUEST_TSC_FREQ MSR reports a frequency. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: nintendo: avoid bluetooth suspend/resume stalls Ensure we don't stall or panic the kernel when using bluetooth-connected. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: Allow CPU to reschedule while setting per-page memory attributes When running an SEV-SNP guest with a sufficiently large. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mwifiex: discard erroneous disassoc frames on STA interface When operating in concurrent STA/AP mode with host MLME enabled,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/zcrx: fix pp destruction warnings With multiple page pools and in some other cases we can have allocated niovs on page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix oob access in cgroup local storage Lonial reported that an out-of-bounds access in cgroup local storage can be crafted via. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
The WPGYM - Wordpress Gym Management System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 67.7.0 via the 'page' parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Woocommerce Blocks - Woolook plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.0 via the via the 'tab' parameter. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Poll Maker - Versus Polls, Anonymous Polls, Image Polls plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Basic Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.9 via the 'ays_finish_poll' AJAX. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Buttercup buttercup-browser-extension up to 0.14.2. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
HCL BigFix SaaS Authentication Service is vulnerable to cache poisoning. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
HCL BigFix SaaS Authentication Service is affected by a sensitive information disclosure. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This issue was addressed with improved checks. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
@backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend is the backend for the default Backstage software templates. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Drupal Config Pages allows Forceful Browsing.0.0 before 2.18.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted DGN file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Uninitialized Variable vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted DGN file, when linked or imported into Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Firebird is a relational database. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
There is an unauthorized access vulnerability in ZTE F50. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The EventON Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions less than, or equal to, 2.4.6 via the add_single_eventon and add_eventon shortcodes due to insufficient. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The BizCalendar Web plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0.50 via the 'bizcalv' shortcode. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The elink - Embed Content plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Malicious Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in Mechrevo Control Center GX V2 5.56.51.48. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was determined in mtons mblog up to 3.5.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in mtons mblog up to 3.5.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The B Slider- Gutenberg Slider Block for WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in versions less than, or equal to, 2.0.0 via the get_active_plugins function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Mechrevo Control Center GX V2 5.56.51.48. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in linlinjava litemall up to 1.8.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda G1 16.01.7.8(3660). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda AC15 15.13.07.13. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Lotus Cars Android app (com.lotus.carsdomestic.intl) 1.2.8 has allowBackup=true set in its manifest, allowing data exfiltration via ADB backup on rooted or debug-enabled devices. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-619L 6.02CN02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Steve Burge TaxoPress allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.37.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in NordicMade Savoy allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.0.8. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The service executable path in Seagate Toolkit on Versions prior to 2.34.0.33 on Windows allows an attacker with Admin privileges to exploit a vulnerability as classified under CWE-428: Unquoted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
We identified an issue in the Amazon ECS agent where, under certain conditions, an introspection server could be accessed off-host by another instance if the instances are in the same security group. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
@std/toml is the Deno Standard Library. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to retrieve sensitive information from an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the management and VPN web servers of the Remote Access SSL VPN feature of Cisco Secure Firewall ASA Software and Secure FTD Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Malwarebytes before 4.6.14.326 and before 5.1.5.116 (and Nebula 2020-10-21 and later). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Youki is a container runtime written in Rust. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0).
IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 and 9.0 could provide weaker than expected security for TLS connections. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Malwarebytes 4.6.14.326 and before and 5.1.5.116 and before (and Nebula 2020-10-21 and later). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.2). No vendor patch available.
A security issue exists due to improper handling of CIP Class 32’s request when a module is inhibited on the 5094-IY8 device. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security issue exists due to improper handling of CIP Class 32’s request when a module is inhibited on the 5094-IF8 device. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix SAML (Mendix 10.12 compatible) (All versions < V4.0.3), Mendix SAML (Mendix 10.21 compatible) (All versions < V4.1.2), Mendix SAML (Mendix 9.24. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions 3.10, 4.0, 4.1, and 4.2, contains an Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File vulnerability in the Backup and Restore. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
SupportAssist for Home PCs Installer exe version(s) 4.8.2.29006 and prior, contain(s) an Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability in the Installer. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
SupportAssist for Business PCs, version(s) 4.5.3 and prior, contain(s) an Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
In ESPEC North America Web Controller 3 before 3.3.4, /api/v4/auth/ with any invalid authentication request results in exposing a JWT secret. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security issue in the runtime event system allows unauthenticated connections to receive a reusable API token. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security issue exists due to the web-based debugger agent enabled on Rockwell Automation ControlLogix® Ethernet Modules. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Apache Superset contains an improper access control vulnerability in its /explore endpoint. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When a guest user accesses a chart in Apache Superset, the API response from the /chart/data endpoint includes a query field in its payload. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Dell PowerEdge Platform version(s) 14G AMD BIOS v1.25.0 and prior, contain(s) an Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer vulnerability. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PostgreSQL optimizer statistics allow a user to read sampled data within a view that the user cannot access. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Fedora Secure Boot CA certificate shipped with shim in Fedora was expired which could lead to old or invalid signed boot components being loaded. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1). No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Unicamp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.6.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Makeaholic allows PHP Local File Inclusion.8.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themeStek Xinterio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Urna allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Brainstorm Force SureDash allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in Saad Iqbal myCred allows Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions.9.4.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in eyecix JobSearch allows PHP Local File Inclusion.9.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RealMag777 Google Map Targeting allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WebCodingPlace Responsive Posts Carousel WordPress Plugin allows PHP Local. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Acato WP REST Cache allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in GravityWP GravityWP - Merge Tags allows PHP Local File Inclusion.4.4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Cloud Infrastructure Services Cloud SAML SSO - Single Sign On Login allows PHP. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in octagonwebstudio Premium Addons for KingComposer allows PHP Local File. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in PublishPress Gutenberg Blocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.3.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Dylan Kuhn Geo Mashup allows PHP Local File Inclusion.13.16. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.