Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (68418)
Zincati is an auto-update agent for Fedora CoreOS hosts. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The DPA countermeasures on Silicon Labs' Series 2 devices are not reseeded periodically as they should be. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability [CWE-321] in FortiSandbox version 4.4.6 and below, version 4.2.7 and below, version 4.0.5 and below, version 3.2.4 and below, version 3.1.5 and. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
FortiOS 6.2 running AV engine version 6.00142 and below, FortiOS 6.4 running AV engine version 6.00144 and below and FortiClient 6.2 running AV engine version 6.00137 and below may not immediately. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability in FortiOS version 6.2.4 and below, version 6.0.10 and belowmay allow remote authenticated actors to read the SSL VPN. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in D-Link DIR-823G 1.0.2B05_20181207. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-823G 1.0.2B05_20181207. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in BlackVue App 3.65 on Android. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
gurk (aka gurk-rs) through 0.6.3 mishandles ANSI escape sequences. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in IROAD Dash Cam FX2 up to 20250308. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in IROAD Dash Cam FX2 up to 20250308. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in IROAD Dash Cam FX2 up to 20250308 and classified as problematic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in IROAD Dash Cam X5 and Dash Cam X6 up to 20250308 and classified as problematic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as very critical, was found in IROAD Dash Cam X5 and Dash Cam X6 up to 20250308. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in IROAD Dash Cam X5 up to 20250203. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The Download Manager WordPress plugin before 3.3.07 doesn't prevent directory listing on web servers that don't use htaccess, allowing unauthorized access of files. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in the oidc (aka OpenID Connect Authentication) extension before 4.0.0 for TYPO3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Square Wire before 5.2.0 does not enforce a recursion limit on nested groups in ByteArrayProtoReader32.kt and ProtoReader.kt. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Open Networking Foundation SD-RAN ONOS onos-lib-go 0.10.28 allows an index out-of-range panic in asn1/aper GetBitString via a zero value of numBits. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In X.Org X server 20.11 through 21.1.16, when a client application uses easystroke for mouse gestures, the main thread modifies various data structures used by the input thread without acquiring a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in 274056675 springboot-openai-chatgpt e84f6f5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in 274056675 springboot-openai-chatgpt e84f6f5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in 274056675 springboot-openai-chatgpt e84f6f5 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in Keylime, a remote attestation solution, where strict type checking introduced in version 7.12.0 prevents the registrar from reading database entries created by previous versions,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in Foreman/Red Hat Satellite. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action was compromised in a supply chain attack where modified tags pointed to credential-stealing code, exposing secrets from GitHub Actions workflows across thousands of repositories.
The Traveler theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.8 via the 'hotel_alone_load_more_post' function 'style' parameter. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in 274056675 springboot-openai-chatgpt e84f6f5 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing provides a Python implementation of Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8). No vendor patch available.
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing provides a Python implementation of Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The API used to interact with documents in the application contains two endpoints with a flaw that allows an authenticated attacker to write a file with controlled contents to an arbitrary location. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The API used to interact with documents in the application contains a flaw that allows an authenticated attacker to read the contents of files on the underlying operating system. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Element Android is an Android Matrix Client provided by Element. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
An insertion of sensitive information into log file vulnerabilities [CWE-532] in FortiManager version 7.4.0, version 7.2.3 and below, version 7.0.8 and below, version 6.4.12 and below, version 6.2.11. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper certificate validation vulnerability [CWE-295] in FortiNAC-F version 7.2.4 and below may allow a remote and unauthenticated attacker to perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack on the HTTPS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
An improper validation of integrity check value vulnerability [CWE-354] in FortiNDR version 7.4.2 and below, version 7.2.1 and below, version 7.1.1 and below, version 7.0.6 and below may allow an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Security QRadar 3.12 EDR uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt sensitive credential information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
IBM Security QRadar 3.12 EDR stores user credentials in plain text which can be read by a local privileged user. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1). No vendor patch available.
An improper certificate validation vulnerability [CWE-295] in FortiPortal version 7.4.0, version 7.2.4 and below, version 7.0.8 and below, version 6.0.15 and below when connecting to a FortiManager. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: allow exp not to be removed in nf_ct_find_expectation Currently nf_conntrack_in() calling nf_ct_find_expectation() will. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The device uses a weak hashing alghorithm to create the password hash. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The device uses an unencrypted, proprietary protocol for communication. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Civi - Job Board & Freelance Marketplace WordPress Theme plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.4 via hard-coded. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Omnipress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.4 via the megamenu block due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
The CiyaShop - Multipurpose WooCommerce Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 4.19.0 via deserialization of untrusted input in the. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The InstaWP Connect - 1-click WP Staging & Migration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 0.1.0.83. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
numbers.c in libxslt before 1.1.43 has a use-after-free because, in nested XPath evaluations, an XPath context node can be modified but never restored. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
xsltGetInheritedNsList in libxslt before 1.1.43 has a use-after-free issue related to exclusion of result prefixes. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
A token is created using the username, current date/time, and a fixed AES-128 encryption key, which is the same across all installations. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Snowflake, a platform for using artificial intelligence in the context of cloud computing, has a vulnerability in the Snowflake JDBC driver ("Driver") in versions 3.0.13 through 3.23.0 of the driver. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the "GetWebLoginCredentials" function in "Sante PACS Server.exe". Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The password of a web user in "Sante PACS Server.exe" is zero-padded to 0x2000 bytes, SHA1-hashed, base64-encoded, and stored in the USER table in the SQLite database HTTP.db. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Sante PACS Server contains an unauthenticated path traversal vulnerability that allows remote attackers to download arbitrary files from the server's installation drive. Medical imaging servers typically contain DICOM files with protected health information (PHI), making this a significant healthcare data breach vector.
Optigo Networks Visual BACnet Capture Tool and Optigo Visual Networks Capture Tool version 3.1.2rc11 are vulnerable to an attacker impersonating the web application service and mislead victim clients. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Optigo Networks Visual BACnet Capture Tool and Optigo Visual Networks Capture Tool version 3.1.2rc11 contain a hard coded secret key. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Vim, a text editor, is vulnerable to potential data loss with zip.vim and special crafted zip files in versions prior to 9.1.1198. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
This CVE only affects Kubernetes clusters that utilize the in-tree gitRepo volume to clone git repositories from other pods within the same node. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted MODEL file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted MODEL file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force a Heap-Based Overflow vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted CATPRODUCT file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Uninitialized Variable vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted CATPRODUCT file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Uninitialized Variable vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted MODEL file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted 3DM file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force a Use-After-Free vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted SLDPRT file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted MODEL file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force a Heap-Based Overflow vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted CATPART file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A maliciously crafted CATPRODUCT file, when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD, can force an Uninitialized Variable vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This CVE affects only Windows worker nodes. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
User Enumeration via Discrepancies in Error Messages in the Celk Sistemas Celk Saude v.3.1.252.1 password recovery functionality which allows a remote attacker to enumerate users through. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Exposure of password in web-based SSH authentication component in Devolutions Server 2024.3.13 and earlier allows a user to unadvertently leak his SSH password due to missing password masking. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information in My Personal Credentials password history component in Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2024.3.29 and earlier on Windows allows an authenticated user to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information in hub data source export feature in Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2024.3.29 and earlier on Windows allows a user exporting a hub data source to include his. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The All-in-One WP Migration and Backup plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 7.89 via deserialization of untrusted input in the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability exists in the CAP back office application due to missing rate limiting on OTP requests in an API endpoint. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability exists in the CAP back office application due to a weak password-reset mechanism implemented at API endpoints. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability exists in Issuetrak v17.2.2 and prior that allows a low-privileged user to access audit results of other users by exploiting an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in GitLab EE/CE affecting all versions starting from 11.5 before 17.7.7, all versions starting from 17.8 before 17.8.5, all versions starting from 17.9 before 17.9.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The implementation of EdDSA in EdDSA-Java (aka ed25519-java) through 0.3.0 exhibits signature malleability and does not satisfy the SUF-CMA (Strong Existential Unforgeability under Chosen Message. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An issue in parse-git-config v.3.0.0 allows an attacker to obtain sensitive information via the expandKeys function. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Matching of hosts against proxy patterns can improperly treat an IPv6 zone ID as a hostname component. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect app on Windows allows a remote attacker to run ActiveX controls within the context of an authenticated Windows user. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.