Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (74776)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: ufs: core: mcq: Fix &hwq->cq_lock deadlock issue When ufshcd_err_handler() is executed, CQ event interrupt can enter waiting for the same lock. This can happen in ufshcd_handle_mcq_cq_events() and also in ufs_mtk_mcq_intr(). The following warning message will be generated when &hwq->cq_lock is used in IRQ context with IRQ enabled. Use ufshcd_mcq_poll_cqe_lock() with spin_lock_irqsave instead of spin_lock to resolve the deadlock issue. [name:lockdep&]WARNING: inconsistent lock state [name:lockdep&]-------------------------------- [name:lockdep&]inconsistent {IN-HARDIRQ-W} -> {HARDIRQ-ON-W} usage. [name:lockdep&]kworker/u16:4/260 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE1:SE1] takes: ffffff8028444600 (&hwq->cq_lock){?.-.}-{2:2}, at: ufshcd_mcq_poll_cqe_lock+0x30/0xe0 [name:lockdep&]{IN-HARDIRQ-W} state was registered at: lock_acquire+0x17c/0x33c _raw_spin_lock+0x5c/0x7c ufshcd_mcq_poll_cqe_lock+0x30/0xe0 ufs_mtk_mcq_intr+0x60/0x1bc [ufs_mediatek_mod] __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x140/0x3ec handle_irq_event+0x50/0xd8 handle_fasteoi_irq+0x148/0x2b0 generic_handle_domain_irq+0x4c/0x6c gic_handle_irq+0x58/0x134 call_on_irq_stack+0x40/0x74 do_interrupt_handler+0x84/0xe4 el1_interrupt+0x3c/0x78 <snip> Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 ---- lock(&hwq->cq_lock); <Interrupt> lock(&hwq->cq_lock); *** DEADLOCK *** 2 locks held by kworker/u16:4/260: [name:lockdep&] stack backtrace: CPU: 7 PID: 260 Comm: kworker/u16:4 Tainted: G S W OE 6.1.17-mainline-android14-2-g277223301adb #1 Workqueue: ufs_eh_wq_0 ufshcd_err_handler Call trace: dump_backtrace+0x10c/0x160 show_stack+0x20/0x30 dump_stack_lvl+0x98/0xd8 dump_stack+0x20/0x60 print_usage_bug+0x584/0x76c mark_lock_irq+0x488/0x510 mark_lock+0x1ec/0x25c __lock_acquire+0x4d8/0xffc lock_acquire+0x17c/0x33c _raw_spin_lock+0x5c/0x7c ufshcd_mcq_poll_cqe_lock+0x30/0xe0 ufshcd_poll+0x68/0x1b0 ufshcd_transfer_req_compl+0x9c/0xc8 ufshcd_err_handler+0x3bc/0xea0 process_one_work+0x2f4/0x7e8 worker_thread+0x234/0x450 kthread+0x110/0x134 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: hidraw: fix data race on device refcount The hidraw_open() function increments the hidraw device reference counter. The counter has no dedicated synchronization mechanism, resulting in a potential data race when concurrently opening a device. The race is a regression introduced by commit 8590222e4b02 ("HID: hidraw: Replace hidraw device table mutex with a rwsem"). While minors_rwsem is intended to protect the hidraw_table itself, by instead acquiring the lock for writing, the reference counter is also protected. This is symmetrical to hidraw_release().
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spi: atmel-quadspi: Free resources even if runtime resume failed in .remove() An early error exit in atmel_qspi_remove() doesn't prevent the device unbind. So this results in an spi controller with an unbound parent and unmapped register space (because devm_ioremap_resource() is undone). So using the remaining spi controller probably results in an oops. Instead unregister the controller unconditionally and only skip hardware access and clk disable. Also add a warning about resume failing and return zero unconditionally. The latter has the only effect to suppress a less helpful error message by the spi core.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: irqchip/irq-mvebu-gicp: Fix refcount leak in mvebu_gicp_probe of_irq_find_parent() returns a node pointer with refcount incremented, We should use of_node_put() on it when not needed anymore. Add missing of_node_put() to avoid refcount leak.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: fix mapping to non-allocated address [Why] There is an issue mapping non-allocated location of memory. It would allocate gpio registers from an array out of bounds. [How] Patch correct numbers of bounds for using.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cifs: fix potential use-after-free bugs in TCP_Server_Info::hostname TCP_Server_Info::hostname may be updated once or many times during reconnect, so protect its access outside reconnect path as well and then prevent any potential use-after-free bugs.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pinctrl: freescale: Fix a memory out of bounds when num_configs is 1 The config passed in by pad wakeup is 1, when num_configs is 1, Configuration [1] should not be fetched, which will be detected by KASAN as a memory out of bounds condition. Modify to get configs[1] when num_configs is 2.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vc_screen: reload load of struct vc_data pointer in vcs_write() to avoid UAF After a call to console_unlock() in vcs_write() the vc_data struct can be freed by vc_port_destruct(). Because of that, the struct vc_data pointer must be reloaded in the while loop in vcs_write() after console_lock() to avoid a UAF when vcs_size() is called. Syzkaller reported a UAF in vcs_size(). BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in vcs_size (drivers/tty/vt/vc_screen.c:215) Read of size 4 at addr ffff8880beab89a8 by task repro_vcs_size/4119 Call Trace: <TASK> __asan_report_load4_noabort (mm/kasan/report_generic.c:380) vcs_size (drivers/tty/vt/vc_screen.c:215) vcs_write (drivers/tty/vt/vc_screen.c:664) vfs_write (fs/read_write.c:582 fs/read_write.c:564) ... <TASK> Allocated by task 1213: kmalloc_trace (mm/slab_common.c:1064) vc_allocate (./include/linux/slab.h:559 ./include/linux/slab.h:680 drivers/tty/vt/vt.c:1078 drivers/tty/vt/vt.c:1058) con_install (drivers/tty/vt/vt.c:3334) tty_init_dev (drivers/tty/tty_io.c:1303 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:1415 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:1392) tty_open (drivers/tty/tty_io.c:2082 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:2128) chrdev_open (fs/char_dev.c:415) do_dentry_open (fs/open.c:921) vfs_open (fs/open.c:1052) ... Freed by task 4116: kfree (mm/slab_common.c:1016) vc_port_destruct (drivers/tty/vt/vt.c:1044) tty_port_destructor (drivers/tty/tty_port.c:296) tty_port_put (drivers/tty/tty_port.c:312) vt_disallocate_all (drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:662 (discriminator 2)) vt_ioctl (drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:903) tty_ioctl (drivers/tty/tty_io.c:2778) ... The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8880beab8800 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024 The buggy address is located 424 bytes inside of freed 1024-byte region [ffff8880beab8800, ffff8880beab8c00) The buggy address belongs to the physical page: page:00000000afc77580 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0xbeab8 head:00000000afc77580 order:3 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0 pincount:0 flags: 0xfffffc0010200(slab|head|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff) page_type: 0xffffffff() raw: 000fffffc0010200 ffff888100042dc0 ffffea000426de00 dead000000000002 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected Memory state around the buggy address: ffff8880beab8880: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff8880beab8900: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb >ffff8880beab8980: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff8880beab8a00: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff8880beab8a80: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ================================================================== Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: um: vector: Fix memory leak in vector_config If the return value of the uml_parse_vector_ifspec function is NULL, we should call kfree(params) to prevent memory leak.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: soc: ti: pm33xx: Fix refcount leak in am33xx_pm_probe wkup_m3_ipc_get() takes refcount, which should be freed by wkup_m3_ipc_put(). Add missing refcount release in the error paths.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: Free released resource after coalescing release_resource() doesn't actually free the resource or resource list entry so free the resource list entry to avoid a leak.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kcsan: Avoid READ_ONCE() in read_instrumented_memory() Haibo Li reported: | Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address | ffffff802a0d8d7171 | Mem abort info:o: | ESR = 0x9600002121 | EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bitsts | SET = 0, FnV = 0 0 | EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 0 | FSC = 0x21: alignment fault | Data abort info:o: | ISV = 0, ISS = 0x0000002121 | CM = 0, WnR = 0 0 | swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgdp=000000002835200000 | [ffffff802a0d8d71] pgd=180000005fbf9003, p4d=180000005fbf9003, | pud=180000005fbf9003, pmd=180000005fbe8003, pte=006800002a0d8707 | Internal error: Oops: 96000021 [#1] PREEMPT SMP | Modules linked in: | CPU: 2 PID: 45 Comm: kworker/u8:2 Not tainted | 5.15.78-android13-8-g63561175bbda-dirty #1 | ... | pc : kcsan_setup_watchpoint+0x26c/0x6bc | lr : kcsan_setup_watchpoint+0x88/0x6bc | sp : ffffffc00ab4b7f0 | x29: ffffffc00ab4b800 x28: ffffff80294fe588 x27: 0000000000000001 | x26: 0000000000000019 x25: 0000000000000001 x24: ffffff80294fdb80 | x23: 0000000000000000 x22: ffffffc00a70fb68 x21: ffffff802a0d8d71 | x20: 0000000000000002 x19: 0000000000000000 x18: ffffffc00a9bd060 | x17: 0000000000000001 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: ffffffc00a59f000 | x14: 0000000000000001 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: ffffffc00a70faa0 | x11: 00000000aaaaaaab x10: 0000000000000054 x9 : ffffffc00839adf8 | x8 : ffffffc009b4cf00 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000007 | x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffffffc00a70fb70 | x2 : 0005ff802a0d8d71 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000000 | Call trace: | kcsan_setup_watchpoint+0x26c/0x6bc | __tsan_read2+0x1f0/0x234 | inflate_fast+0x498/0x750 | zlib_inflate+0x1304/0x2384 | __gunzip+0x3a0/0x45c | gunzip+0x20/0x30 | unpack_to_rootfs+0x2a8/0x3fc | do_populate_rootfs+0xe8/0x11c | async_run_entry_fn+0x58/0x1bc | process_one_work+0x3ec/0x738 | worker_thread+0x4c4/0x838 | kthread+0x20c/0x258 | ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 | Code: b8bfc2a8 2a0803f7 14000007 d503249f (78bfc2a8) ) | ---[ end trace 613a943cb0a572b6 ]----- The reason for this is that on certain arm64 configuration since e35123d83ee3 ("arm64: lto: Strengthen READ_ONCE() to acquire when CONFIG_LTO=y"), READ_ONCE() may be promoted to a full atomic acquire instruction which cannot be used on unaligned addresses. Fix it by avoiding READ_ONCE() in read_instrumented_memory(), and simply forcing the compiler to do the required access by casting to the appropriate volatile type. In terms of generated code this currently only affects architectures that do not use the default READ_ONCE() implementation. The only downside is that we are not guaranteed atomicity of the access itself, although on most architectures a plain load up to machine word size should still be atomic (a fact the default READ_ONCE() still relies on itself).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: hugetlb: fix UAF in hugetlb_handle_userfault The vma_lock and hugetlb_fault_mutex are dropped before handling userfault and reacquire them again after handle_userfault(), but reacquire the vma_lock could lead to UAF[1,2] due to the following race, hugetlb_fault hugetlb_no_page /*unlock vma_lock */ hugetlb_handle_userfault handle_userfault /* unlock mm->mmap_lock*/ vm_mmap_pgoff do_mmap mmap_region munmap_vma_range /* clean old vma */ /* lock vma_lock again <--- UAF */ /* unlock vma_lock */ Since the vma_lock will unlock immediately after hugetlb_handle_userfault(), let's drop the unneeded lock and unlock in hugetlb_handle_userfault() to fix the issue. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/000000000000d5e00a05e834962e@google.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220921014457.1668-1-liuzixian4@huawei.com/
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rsi: Fix memory leak in rsi_coex_attach() The coex_cb needs to be freed when rsi_create_kthread() failed in rsi_coex_attach().
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/gud: Fix UBSAN warning UBSAN complains about invalid value for bool: [ 101.165172] [drm] Initialized gud 1.0.0 20200422 for 2-3.2:1.0 on minor 1 [ 101.213360] gud 2-3.2:1.0: [drm] fb1: guddrmfb frame buffer device [ 101.213426] usbcore: registered new interface driver gud [ 101.989431] ================================================================================ [ 101.989441] UBSAN: invalid-load in linux/include/linux/iosys-map.h:253:9 [ 101.989447] load of value 121 is not a valid value for type '_Bool' [ 101.989451] CPU: 1 PID: 455 Comm: kworker/1:6 Not tainted 5.18.0-rc5-gud-5.18-rc5 #3 [ 101.989456] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP EliteBook 820 G1/1991, BIOS L71 Ver. 01.44 04/12/2018 [ 101.989459] Workqueue: events_long gud_flush_work [gud] [ 101.989471] Call Trace: [ 101.989474] <TASK> [ 101.989479] dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x5f [ 101.989488] dump_stack+0x10/0x12 [ 101.989493] ubsan_epilogue+0x9/0x3b [ 101.989498] __ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value.cold+0x44/0x49 [ 101.989504] dma_buf_vmap.cold+0x38/0x3d [ 101.989511] ? find_busiest_group+0x48/0x300 [ 101.989520] drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x76/0x1b0 [drm_shmem_helper] [ 101.989528] drm_gem_shmem_object_vmap+0x9/0xb [drm_shmem_helper] [ 101.989535] drm_gem_vmap+0x26/0x60 [drm] [ 101.989594] drm_gem_fb_vmap+0x47/0x150 [drm_kms_helper] [ 101.989630] gud_prep_flush+0xc1/0x710 [gud] [ 101.989639] ? _raw_spin_lock+0x17/0x40 [ 101.989648] gud_flush_work+0x1e0/0x430 [gud] [ 101.989653] ? __switch_to+0x11d/0x470 [ 101.989664] process_one_work+0x21f/0x3f0 [ 101.989673] worker_thread+0x200/0x3e0 [ 101.989679] ? rescuer_thread+0x390/0x390 [ 101.989684] kthread+0xfd/0x130 [ 101.989690] ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20 [ 101.989696] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30 [ 101.989706] </TASK> [ 101.989708] ================================================================================ The source of this warning is in iosys_map_clear() called from dma_buf_vmap(). It conditionally sets values based on map->is_iomem. The iosys_map variables are allocated uninitialized on the stack leading to ->is_iomem having all kinds of values and not only 0/1. Fix this by zeroing the iosys_map variables.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: dvb-usb: fix memory leak in dvb_usb_adapter_init() Syzbot reports a memory leak in "dvb_usb_adapter_init()". The leak is due to not accounting for and freeing current iteration's adapter->priv in case of an error. Currently if an error occurs, it will exit before incrementing "num_adapters_initalized", which is used as a reference counter to free all adap->priv in "dvb_usb_adapter_exit()". There are multiple error paths that can exit from before incrementing the counter. Including the error handling paths for "dvb_usb_adapter_stream_init()", "dvb_usb_adapter_dvb_init()" and "dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_init()" within "dvb_usb_adapter_init()". This means that in case of an error in any of these functions the current iteration is not accounted for and the current iteration's adap->priv is not freed. Fix this by freeing the current iteration's adap->priv in the "stream_init_err:" label in the error path. The rest of the (accounted for) adap->priv objects are freed in dvb_usb_adapter_exit() as expected using the num_adapters_initalized variable. Syzbot report: BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff8881172f1a00 (size 512): comm "kworker/0:2", pid 139, jiffies 4294994873 (age 10.960s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<ffffffff844af012>] dvb_usb_adapter_init drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb/dvb-usb-init.c:75 [inline] [<ffffffff844af012>] dvb_usb_init drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb/dvb-usb-init.c:184 [inline] [<ffffffff844af012>] dvb_usb_device_init.cold+0x4e5/0x79e drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb/dvb-usb-init.c:308 [<ffffffff830db21d>] dib0700_probe+0x8d/0x1b0 drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb/dib0700_core.c:883 [<ffffffff82d3fdc7>] usb_probe_interface+0x177/0x370 drivers/usb/core/driver.c:396 [<ffffffff8274ab37>] call_driver_probe drivers/base/dd.c:542 [inline] [<ffffffff8274ab37>] really_probe.part.0+0xe7/0x310 drivers/base/dd.c:621 [<ffffffff8274ae6c>] really_probe drivers/base/dd.c:583 [inline] [<ffffffff8274ae6c>] __driver_probe_device+0x10c/0x1e0 drivers/base/dd.c:752 [<ffffffff8274af6a>] driver_probe_device+0x2a/0x120 drivers/base/dd.c:782 [<ffffffff8274b786>] __device_attach_driver+0xf6/0x140 drivers/base/dd.c:899 [<ffffffff82747c87>] bus_for_each_drv+0xb7/0x100 drivers/base/bus.c:427 [<ffffffff8274b352>] __device_attach+0x122/0x260 drivers/base/dd.c:970 [<ffffffff827498f6>] bus_probe_device+0xc6/0xe0 drivers/base/bus.c:487 [<ffffffff82745cdb>] device_add+0x5fb/0xdf0 drivers/base/core.c:3405 [<ffffffff82d3d202>] usb_set_configuration+0x8f2/0xb80 drivers/usb/core/message.c:2170 [<ffffffff82d4dbfc>] usb_generic_driver_probe+0x8c/0xc0 drivers/usb/core/generic.c:238 [<ffffffff82d3f49c>] usb_probe_device+0x5c/0x140 drivers/usb/core/driver.c:293 [<ffffffff8274ab37>] call_driver_probe drivers/base/dd.c:542 [inline] [<ffffffff8274ab37>] really_probe.part.0+0xe7/0x310 drivers/base/dd.c:621 [<ffffffff8274ae6c>] really_probe drivers/base/dd.c:583 [inline] [<ffffffff8274ae6c>] __driver_probe_device+0x10c/0x1e0 drivers/base/dd.c:752
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: netsec: fix error handling in netsec_register_mdio() If phy_device_register() fails, phy_device_free() need be called to put refcount, so memory of phy device and device name can be freed in callback function. If get_phy_device() fails, mdiobus_unregister() need be called, or it will cause warning in mdiobus_free() and kobject is leaked.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix potential memory leak in ext4_fc_record_modified_inode() As krealloc may return NULL, in this case 'state->fc_modified_inodes' may not be freed by krealloc, but 'state->fc_modified_inodes' already set NULL. Then will lead to 'state->fc_modified_inodes' memory leak.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dm: verity-loadpin: Only trust verity targets with enforcement Verity targets can be configured to ignore corrupted data blocks. LoadPin must only trust verity targets that are configured to perform some kind of enforcement when data corruption is detected, like returning an error, restarting the system or triggering a panic.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdkfd: Fix memory leak in kfd_mem_dmamap_userptr() If the number of pages from the userptr BO differs from the SG BO then the allocated memory for the SG table doesn't get freed before returning -EINVAL, which may lead to a memory leak in some error paths. Fix this by checking the number of pages before allocating memory for the SG table.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdgpu/powerplay/psm: Fix memory leak in power state init Commit 902bc65de0b3 ("drm/amdgpu/powerplay/psm: return an error in power state init") made the power state init function return early in case of failure to get an entry from the powerplay table, but it missed to clean up the allocated memory for the current power state before returning.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: regulator: core: Use different devices for resource allocation and DT lookup Following by the below discussion, there's the potential UAF issue between regulator and mfd. https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221128143601.1698148-1-yangyingliang@huawei.com/ From the analysis of Yingliang CPU A |CPU B mt6370_probe() | devm_mfd_add_devices() | |mt6370_regulator_probe() | regulator_register() | //allocate init_data and add it to devres | regulator_of_get_init_data() i2c_unregister_device() | device_del() | devres_release_all() | // init_data is freed | release_nodes() | | // using init_data causes UAF | regulator_register() It's common to use mfd core to create child device for the regulator. In order to do the DT lookup for init data, the child that registered the regulator would pass its parent as the parameter. And this causes init data resource allocated to its parent, not itself. The issue happen when parent device is going to release and regulator core is still doing some operation of init data constraint for the regulator of child device. To fix it, this patch expand 'regulator_register' API to use the different devices for init data allocation and DT lookup.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf/x86/intel/uncore: Fix reference count leak in snr_uncore_mmio_map() pci_get_device() will increase the reference count for the returned pci_dev, so snr_uncore_get_mc_dev() will return a pci_dev with its reference count increased. We need to call pci_dev_put() to decrease the reference count. Let's add the missing pci_dev_put().
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: misc: pci_endpoint_test: Fix pci_endpoint_test_{copy,write,read}() panic The dma_map_single() doesn't permit zero length mapping. It causes a follow panic. A panic was reported on arm64: [ 60.137988] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 60.142630] kernel BUG at kernel/dma/swiotlb.c:624! [ 60.147508] Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 60.152992] Modules linked in: dw_hdmi_cec crct10dif_ce simple_bridge rcar_fdp1 vsp1 rcar_vin videobuf2_vmalloc rcar_csi2 v4l 2_mem2mem videobuf2_dma_contig videobuf2_memops pci_endpoint_test videobuf2_v4l2 videobuf2_common rcar_fcp v4l2_fwnode v4l2_asyn c videodev mc gpio_bd9571mwv max9611 pwm_rcar ccree at24 authenc libdes phy_rcar_gen3_usb3 usb_dmac display_connector pwm_bl [ 60.186252] CPU: 0 PID: 508 Comm: pcitest Not tainted 6.0.0-rc1rpci-dev+ #237 [ 60.193387] Hardware name: Renesas Salvator-X 2nd version board based on r8a77951 (DT) [ 60.201302] pstate: 00000005 (nzcv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 60.208263] pc : swiotlb_tbl_map_single+0x2c0/0x590 [ 60.213149] lr : swiotlb_map+0x88/0x1f0 [ 60.216982] sp : ffff80000a883bc0 [ 60.220292] x29: ffff80000a883bc0 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000000 [ 60.227430] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff0004c0da20d0 x24: ffff80000a1f77c0 [ 60.234567] x23: 0000000000000002 x22: 0001000040000010 x21: 000000007a000000 [ 60.241703] x20: 0000000000200000 x19: 0000000000000000 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 60.248840] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: ffff0006ff7b9180 [ 60.255977] x14: ffff0006ff7b9180 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 [ 60.263113] x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000 [ 60.270249] x8 : 0001000000000010 x7 : ffff0004c6754b20 x6 : 0000000000000000 [ 60.277385] x5 : ffff0004c0da2090 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000001 [ 60.284521] x2 : 0000000040000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000040000010 [ 60.291658] Call trace: [ 60.294100] swiotlb_tbl_map_single+0x2c0/0x590 [ 60.298629] swiotlb_map+0x88/0x1f0 [ 60.302115] dma_map_page_attrs+0x188/0x230 [ 60.306299] pci_endpoint_test_ioctl+0x5e4/0xd90 [pci_endpoint_test] [ 60.312660] __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xf0 [ 60.316583] invoke_syscall+0x44/0x108 [ 60.320334] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xcc/0xf0 [ 60.325038] do_el0_svc+0x2c/0xb8 [ 60.328351] el0_svc+0x2c/0x88 [ 60.331406] el0t_64_sync_handler+0xb8/0xc0 [ 60.335587] el0t_64_sync+0x18c/0x190 [ 60.339251] Code: 52800013 d2e00414 35fff45c d503201f (d4210000) [ 60.345344] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- To fix it, this patch adds a checking the payload length if it is zero.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/raid0, raid10: Don't set discard sectors for request queue It should use disk_stack_limits to get a proper max_discard_sectors rather than setting a value by stack drivers. And there is a bug. If all member disks are rotational devices, raid0/raid10 set max_discard_sectors. So the member devices are not ssd/nvme, but raid0/raid10 export the wrong value. It reports warning messages in function __blkdev_issue_discard when mkfs.xfs like this: [ 4616.022599] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 4616.027779] WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 99634 at block/blk-lib.c:50 __blkdev_issue_discard+0x16a/0x1a0 [ 4616.140663] RIP: 0010:__blkdev_issue_discard+0x16a/0x1a0 [ 4616.146601] Code: 24 4c 89 20 31 c0 e9 fe fe ff ff c1 e8 09 8d 48 ff 4c 89 f0 4c 09 e8 48 85 c1 0f 84 55 ff ff ff b8 ea ff ff ff e9 df fe ff ff <0f> 0b 48 8d 74 24 08 e8 ea d6 00 00 48 c7 c6 20 1e 89 ab 48 c7 c7 [ 4616.167567] RSP: 0018:ffffaab88cbffca8 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 4616.173406] RAX: ffff9ba1f9e44678 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffff9ba1c9792080 [ 4616.181376] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff9ba1c9792080 [ 4616.189345] RBP: 0000000000000cc0 R08: ffffaab88cbffd10 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 4616.197317] R10: 0000000000000012 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000 [ 4616.205288] R13: 0000000000400000 R14: 0000000000000cc0 R15: ffff9ba1c9792080 [ 4616.213259] FS: 00007f9a5534e980(0000) GS:ffff9ba1b7c80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 4616.222298] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 4616.228719] CR2: 000055a390a4c518 CR3: 0000000123e40006 CR4: 00000000001706e0 [ 4616.236689] Call Trace: [ 4616.239428] blkdev_issue_discard+0x52/0xb0 [ 4616.244108] blkdev_common_ioctl+0x43c/0xa00 [ 4616.248883] blkdev_ioctl+0x116/0x280 [ 4616.252977] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xc0 [ 4616.257163] do_syscall_64+0x5c/0x90 [ 4616.261164] ? handle_mm_fault+0xc5/0x2a0 [ 4616.265652] ? do_user_addr_fault+0x1d8/0x690 [ 4616.270527] ? do_syscall_64+0x69/0x90 [ 4616.274717] ? exc_page_fault+0x62/0x150 [ 4616.279097] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd [ 4616.284748] RIP: 0033:0x7f9a55398c6b
Local privilege escalation and kernel memory corruption in the Linux kernel's framebuffer console (fbcon) subsystem arises from a use-after-free: when a framebuffer device is unregistered, the freed mode list leaves dangling pointers in the global fb_display[] array, which fb_mode_is_equal() later dereferences. A local low-privileged attacker with access to framebuffer devices (/dev/fbN) can trigger the freed-memory read/write via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP and mode-deletion ioctls, enabling denial of service or potential arbitrary kernel code execution. The flaw was found via syzkaller (KASAN slab-use-after-free), it carries EPSS 0.04% (11th percentile), it is not in CISA KEV, and no public exploit is identified - though detailed reproduction steps are published in the commit message.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's CIFS/SMB client (cifs module) affects the smb2_query_info_compound() function, where a cached fid (cfid) freed during a first attempt is not reset to NULL before a replay, so subsequent cleanup dereferences a stale pointer. Reachable through ordinary filesystem operations such as statfs() against an SMB mount, it manifests as a refcount underflow and use-after-free that most plausibly causes kernel memory corruption and denial of service on hosts with CIFS mounts. This is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is very low (0.03%, 7th percentile) and it is not in CISA KEV, though a vendor patch and Ubuntu USN are available.
Local privilege escalation and kernel memory corruption in the Linux kernel's BPF ring buffer subsystem allows a low-privileged user capable of loading BPF programs to trigger a use-after-free. A race exists where irq_work queued in bpf_ringbuf_commit() can execute after the ring buffer is freed, letting the irq_work handler access freed memory - a bug found by syzbot via a BPF program attached to sched_switch. The fix adds irq_work_sync(&rb->work) before freeing the buffer. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low (0.05%), but kernel UAF flaws are historically weaponizable for local privilege escalation.
A use-after-free condition in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth HCI command-synchronization layer (hci_sync) lets a race between hci_cmd_sync_dequeue_once() and hci_cmd_sync_work() delete the same list entry twice, corrupting kernel memory. It affects the mainline Linux kernel Bluetooth stack up to the fixed stable releases (6.1.159, 6.6.117, 6.12.58, 6.17.8) and is fixed upstream. There is no public exploit identified and EPSS is very low (0.04%), but the NVD-scored CVSS of 8.8 reflects the high-impact memory-corruption potential (denial of service and possible privilege escalation) if the race is won.
Kernel memory corruption in the Linux kernel SLIMbus regmap layer (regmap-slimbus) occurs because __devm_regmap_init_slimbus() and __regmap_init_slimbus() passed an incorrect bus_context pointer, causing an invalid-address dereference during SLIMbus register I/O. On affected Qualcomm-based platforms (e.g. wcd934x audio codec on SDM845 boards), a local user triggering audio playback crashes the kernel and may corrupt or disclose memory. This is a resolved regression exposed by commit 4e65bda8273c; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS probability is negligible (0.05%).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/mediatek: Fix device use-after-free on unbind A recent change fixed device reference leaks when looking up drm platform device driver data during bind() but failed to remove a partial fix which had been added by commit 80805b62ea5b ("drm/mediatek: Fix kobject put for component sub-drivers"). This results in a reference imbalance on component bind() failures and on unbind() which could lead to a user-after-free. Make sure to only drop the references after retrieving the driver data by effectively reverting the previous partial fix. Note that holding a reference to a device does not prevent its driver data from going away so there is no point in keeping the reference.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: cdns3: gadget: Use-after-free during failed initialization and exit of cdnsp gadget In the __cdnsp_gadget_init() and cdnsp_gadget_exit() functions, the gadget structure (pdev->gadget) was freed before its endpoints. The endpoints are linked via the ep_list in the gadget structure. Freeing the gadget first leaves dangling pointers in the endpoint list. When the endpoints are subsequently freed, this results in a use-after-free. Fix: By separating the usb_del_gadget_udc() operation into distinct "del" and "put" steps, cdnsp_gadget_free_endpoints() can be executed prior to the final release of the gadget structure with usb_put_gadget(). A patch similar to bb9c74a5bd14("usb: dwc3: gadget: Free gadget structure only after freeing endpoints").
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ntfs3: pretend $Extend records as regular files Since commit af153bb63a33 ("vfs: catch invalid modes in may_open()") requires any inode be one of S_IFDIR/S_IFLNK/S_IFREG/S_IFCHR/S_IFBLK/ S_IFIFO/S_IFSOCK type, use S_IFREG for $Extend records.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: jfs: Verify inode mode when loading from disk The inode mode loaded from corrupted disk can be invalid. Do like what commit 0a9e74051313 ("isofs: Verify inode mode when loading from disk") does.
Memory corruption (use-after-free) in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) socket subsystem allows a local attacker with Bluetooth socket access to trigger a slab use-after-free during connection teardown. The flaw affects net/bluetooth/sco.c, where sco_conn_free/sco_conn_put in the HCI command-sync workqueue can operate on a sco_conn object whose backing socket was already freed by a concurrent sco_sock_release, leading to a kernel write to freed memory. Rated CVSS 8.0 with a fix already merged upstream and shipped in stable kernels; no public exploit is identified and EPSS is very low (0.03%).
Filesystem corruption in the Linux kernel's exFAT driver (exfat-fs) allows a local attacker who can mount a crafted exFAT image to overwrite in-use data structures and reallocate live clusters. Because the allocation bitmap's own cluster-allocation bits are never validated on mount, a malicious image can point the bitmap at cluster 6, which mkdir then zeroes - deleting existing directory entries and corrupting the bitmap itself, enabling further reallocation of already-allocated clusters. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%), consistent with a local physical/mount-dependent flaw rather than a mass-exploited network bug.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: 9p/trans_fd: p9_fd_request: kick rx thread if EPOLLIN p9_read_work() doesn't set Rworksched and doesn't do schedule_work(m->rq) if list_empty(&m->req_list). However, if the pipe is full, we need to read more data and this used to work prior to commit aaec5a95d59615 ("pipe_read: don't wake up the writer if the pipe is still full"). p9_read_work() does p9_fd_read() -> ... -> anon_pipe_read() which (before the commit above) triggered the unnecessary wakeup. This wakeup calls p9_pollwake() which kicks p9_poll_workfn() -> p9_poll_mux(), p9_poll_mux() will notice EPOLLIN and schedule_work(&m->rq). This no longer happens after the optimization above, change p9_fd_request() to use p9_poll_mux() instead of only checking for EPOLLOUT.
Local privilege escalation via memory corruption in the Linux kernel's videobuf2 (vb2) media framework allows a local user with access to a V4L2 video device to corrupt internal queue state by invoking the VIDIOC_REMOVE_BUFS ioctl while legacy read/write fileio mode is active. The vb2_ioctl_remove_bufs() path manipulates the queue's internal buffer list and can overwrite pointers the fileio access mode still relies on, leading to high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability effects (CVSS 7.8, AV:L). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; EPSS is negligible (0.03%) and the flaw is not in CISA KEV.
Uninitialized memory read in the Linux kernel Bluetooth HCI event layer allows a malicious or malfunctioning Bluetooth controller to leak a byte of kernel memory and induce undefined command-completion handling. The flaw lives in hci_cmd_complete_evt(), where an unknown Command Complete opcode causes the code to read skb->data[0] as a return status even after all parameter bytes were already pulled, leaving the buffer empty. It is a fixed upstream kernel bug (CWE-908-class use of uninitialized resource) with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and a very low EPSS score of 0.04%.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gve: Implement gettimex64 with -EOPNOTSUPP gve implemented a ptp_clock for sole use of do_aux_work at this time. ptp_clock_gettime() and ptp_sys_offset() assume every ptp_clock has implemented either gettimex64 or gettime64. Stub gettimex64 and return -EOPNOTSUPP to prevent NULL dereferencing.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gve: Implement settime64 with -EOPNOTSUPP ptp_clock_settime() assumes every ptp_clock has implemented settime64(). Stub it with -EOPNOTSUPP to prevent a NULL dereference.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: int3472: Fix double free of GPIO device during unregister regulator_unregister() already frees the associated GPIO device. On ThinkPad X9 (Lunar Lake), this causes a double free issue that leads to random failures when other drivers (typically Intel THC) attempt to allocate interrupts. The root cause is that the reference count of the pinctrl_intel_platform module unexpectedly drops to zero when this driver defers its probe. This behavior can also be reproduced by unloading the module directly. Fix the issue by removing the redundant release of the GPIO device during regulator unregistration.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: MGMT: Fix OOB access in parse_adv_monitor_pattern() In the parse_adv_monitor_pattern() function, the value of the 'length' variable is currently limited to HCI_MAX_EXT_AD_LENGTH(251). The size of the 'value' array in the mgmt_adv_pattern structure is 31. If the value of 'pattern[i].length' is set in the user space and exceeds 31, the 'patterns[i].value' array can be accessed out of bound when copied. Increasing the size of the 'value' array in the 'mgmt_adv_pattern' structure will break the userspace. Considering this, and to avoid OOB access revert the limits for 'offset' and 'length' back to the value of HCI_MAX_AD_LENGTH. Found by InfoTeCS on behalf of Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Denial-of-service (and potential out-of-bounds read) in the Linux kernel's virtio-net driver lets a malicious or compromised virtualization host crash guest VMs by announcing a receive buffer length larger than the guest allocated for 'big packets' mode. The flaw stems from an incomplete length check introduced when commit 4959aebba8c0 changed big-packet buffer sizing from a fixed MAX_SKB_FRAGS * PAGE_SIZE to an MTU-dependent value, leaving the receive-path validation stale. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low (0.04%), consistent with a host-to-guest condition rather than internet-facing mass exploitation.
A remote code execution vulnerability in A vulnerability (CVSS 6.5). Risk factors: public PoC available.
A vulnerability was detected in Verysync 微力同步 2.21.3. This affects an unknown function of the file /safebrowsing/clientreport/download?key=dummytoken of the component Web Administration Module. Performing manipulation results in information disclosure. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Verysync 微力同步 up to 2.21.3. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /rest/f/api/resources/f96956469e7be39d of the component Web Administration Module. Such manipulation leads to information disclosure. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb/server: fix possible memory leak in smb2_read() Memory leak occurs when ksmbd_vfs_read() fails. Fix this by adding the missing kvfree().
Denial of service in the Linux kernel's in-kernel SMB3 server (ksmbd) arises from a reference-count leak in smb2_sess_setup() that is not released along the session-reconnect path. Remote attackers reaching an exposed ksmbd service can repeatedly drive session setups requiring reconnect to leak ksmbd_session references, progressively exhausting kernel memory and impacting availability (CVSS 7.5, A:H only). No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.04%), but vendor-released patches are already shipping across stable branches.
Local privilege escalation and memory corruption in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth btusb USB driver arises from a use-after-free in btusb_disconnect(), where the interface's btusb data is freed by usb_driver_release_interface() and then dereferenced later in the same function. Affected systems run vulnerable stable kernels (5.4/5.10/5.15/6.1/6.6/6.12/6.17 branches and 6.18 pre-release) with a Bluetooth USB adapter; a local attacker able to influence USB device teardown could corrupt kernel slab memory, potentially yielding code execution or a crash. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.05%), so this is a patch-hygiene item rather than an urgent, actively-exploited threat.
Local privilege escalation via kernel memory corruption in the Linux kernel's TIPC (Transparent Inter-Process Communication) subsystem allows a local attacker with network-admin capability to trigger a use-after-free in tipc_mon_reinit_self(). The flaw stems from tipc_net_finalize_work() iterating the RTNL-protected monitors[] array from a workqueue without holding the RTNL lock, letting freed monitor structures be accessed. Reported by syzbot with no public exploit and a very low EPSS (0.05%); it is not in CISA KEV, and a vendor fix is available across all supported stable branches.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: sched: act_connmark: initialize struct tc_ife to fix kernel leak In tcf_connmark_dump(), the variable 'opt' was partially initialized using a designatied initializer. While the padding bytes are reamined uninitialized. nla_put() copies the entire structure into a netlink message, these uninitialized bytes leaked to userspace. Initialize the structure with memset before assigning its fields to ensure all members and padding are cleared prior to beign copied.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: sched: act_ife: initialize struct tc_ife to fix KMSAN kernel-infoleak Fix a KMSAN kernel-infoleak detected by the syzbot . [net?] KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in __skb_datagram_iter In tcf_ife_dump(), the variable 'opt' was partially initialized using a designatied initializer. While the padding bytes are reamined uninitialized. nla_put() copies the entire structure into a netlink message, these uninitialized bytes leaked to userspace. Initialize the structure with memset before assigning its fields to ensure all members and padding are cleared prior to beign copied. This change silences the KMSAN report and prevents potential information leaks from the kernel memory. This fix has been tested and validated by syzbot. This patch closes the bug reported at the following syzkaller link and ensures no infoleak.
Information disclosure and memory corruption in the Linux kernel's drm/panthor GPU driver (ARM Mali CSF GPUs, kernel 6.10 through the 6.17.x series) arises because the driver maps freshly allocated shmem-backed GPU buffers as CPU-uncached without flushing the cached zeroing writes performed by the shmem layer, leaving dirty cachelines that can leak previously freed data or asynchronously corrupt buffer contents when those lines are later evicted. A local low-privileged user with access to the panthor GPU device can trigger the condition through normal buffer allocation. This carries CVSS 7.3; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the EPSS score is very low (0.03%, 9th percentile).
Local memory corruption in the Linux kernel's KVM guest_memfd subsystem (introduced in 6.8) lets a local user with KVM VM-management access trigger a slab use-after-free by racing memslot deletion against release of a dying guest_memfd file. When a memslot is freed before its guest_memfd file is fully released, kvm_gmem_release() writes to already-freed memory, as confirmed by a syzbot/KASAN report. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is negligible (0.03%, 6th percentile), reflecting a narrow race rather than a broadly weaponizable flaw.
Denial of service and kernel memory corruption in the Linux kernel NFS server (nfsd) allows an NFS client to trigger a linked-list corruption and kernel oops by exploiting improper cleanup of COPY_NOTIFY stateids. When a client performs OPEN then COPY_NOTIFY on the resulting parent stateid, then reboots and forces state expiry via CREATE_SESSION, nfs4_free_ol_stateid() frees the parent without releasing the associated copynotify stateid, so the laundromat worker later corrupts the list and crashes. Carries CVSS 8.8; EPSS is very low (0.05%, 16th percentile) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege-boundary instability in the Linux kernel's secret memory subsystem (mm/secretmem) stems from a use-after-free race in the page-fault handler for files created via memfd_secret(2). When two tasks fault the same secret-memory page concurrently, the losing task frees its folio before restoring the page to the kernel direct map, briefly returning a not-present page to the allocator; a subsequent allocation and kernel access triggers a supervisor not-present page fault. Affects long-lived kernel branches (5.14 through 6.18-rc) with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and a low EPSS score (0.05%, 16th percentile).
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's procfs directory-reading path (proc_readdir_de() in fs/proc) allows a local user to trigger a race between directory traversal and concurrent removal of proc entries, corrupting kernel memory. The bug arises because a proc_dir_entry is erased from the subdir red-black tree without clearing the node, so pde_subdir_next() can return a freed node; it was found via stress-ng running getdents against /proc/<pid>/net/dev_snmp6/ while network devices (tun interfaces) are unregistered. Publicly available exploit code exists and a vendor patch is available, but the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV and carries a very low EPSS score (0.05%), indicating no evidence of widespread exploitation.
Local privilege-boundary memory corruption in the Linux kernel's swap subsystem (memory management) allows a race between swapoff on one device and swapin on another to trigger a use-after-free of a swap device structure during VMA (page-table-walking) swap readahead. Introduced by commit 78524b05f1a3 which removed redundant swap device pinning in __read_swap_cache_async, the flaw affects kernels from 6.15 up to the fixed releases; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is negligible at 0.03%. Impact is scoped to systems with swap enabled across multiple swap devices where the readahead path can encounter entries belonging to a device it does not hold a reference to.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cifs: client: fix memory leak in smb3_fs_context_parse_param The user calls fsconfig twice, but when the program exits, free() only frees ctx->source for the second fsconfig, not the first. Regarding fc->source, there is no code in the fs context related to its memory reclamation. To fix this memory leak, release the source memory corresponding to ctx or fc before each parsing. syzbot reported: BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff888128afa360 (size 96): backtrace (crc 79c9c7ba): kstrdup+0x3c/0x80 mm/util.c:84 smb3_fs_context_parse_param+0x229b/0x36c0 fs/smb/client/fs_context.c:1444 BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff888112c7d900 (size 96): backtrace (crc 79c9c7ba): smb3_fs_context_fullpath+0x70/0x1b0 fs/smb/client/fs_context.c:629 smb3_fs_context_parse_param+0x2266/0x36c0 fs/smb/client/fs_context.c:1438
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/rw: ensure allocated iovec gets cleared for early failure A previous commit reused the recyling infrastructure for early cleanup, but this is not enough for the case where our internal caches have overflowed. If this happens, then the allocated iovec can get leaked if the request is also aborted early. Reinstate the previous forced free of the iovec for that situation.
Sensitive information disclosure in WordPress plugin g-FFL Cockpit versions up to 1.7.1 allows unauthenticated attackers to retrieve server details via the /server_status REST API endpoint. No known active exploitation, but a public proof-of-concept exists on GitHub. EPSS indicates low exploitation probability (0.06%).
An Improper Access Control in the SFTP service in Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT prior to version 7.9.0 allows Web Users with an Authentication Alias and a valid SSH key but limited to Password authentication for SFTP to still login using their SSH key.
BACnet Protocol Stack library provides a BACnet application layer, network layer and media access (MAC) layer communications services. Prior to 1.5.0.rc2, The npdu_is_expected_reply function in src/bacnet/npdu.c indexes request_pdu[offset+2/3/5] and reply_pdu[offset+1/2/4] without verifying that those APDU bytes exist. bacnet_npdu_decode() can return offset == 2 for a 2-byte NPDU, so tiny PDUs pass the version check and then get read out of bounds. On ASan/MPU/strict builds this is an immediate crash (DoS). On unprotected builds it is undefined behavior and can mis-route replies; RCE is unlikely because only reads occur, but DoS is reliable.
Strimzi provides a way to run an Apache Kafka cluster on Kubernetes or OpenShift in various deployment configurations. From 0.47.0 and prior to 0.49.1, in some situations, Strimzi creates an incorrect Kubernetes Role which grants the Apache Kafka Connect and Apache Kafka MirrorMaker 2 operands the GET access to all Kubernetes Secrets that exist in the given Kubernetes namespace. The issue is fixed in Strimzi 0.49.1.
A security vulnerability in cpp-httplib (CVSS 5.3) that allows attacker-controlled http headers. Risk factors: public PoC available. Vendor patch is available.
yawkat LZ4 Java provides LZ4 compression for Java. Insufficient clearing of the output buffer in Java-based decompressor implementations in lz4-java 1.10.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to read previous buffer contents via crafted compressed input. In applications where the output buffer is reused without being cleared, this may lead to disclosure of sensitive data. JNI-based implementations are not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.1.
Nextcloud Desktop is the desktop sync client for Nextcloud. Prior to 3.16.5, when trying to manually lock a file inside an end-to-end encrypted directory, the path of the file was sent to the server unencrypted, making it possible for administrators to see it in log files. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.16.5.
Nextcloud Deck is a kanban style organization tool aimed at personal planning and project organization for teams integrated with Nextcloud. Prior to 1.12.7, 1.14.4, and 1.15.1, file extension can be spoofed by using RTLO characters, tricking users into download files with a different extension than what is displayed. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.12.7, 1.14.4, and 1.15.1.
A security vulnerability in a group or team. (CVSS 3.5). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures. Vendor patch is available.
A remote code execution vulnerability in and script is not properly verified (CVSS 8.7). Risk factors: public PoC available.
ReQuest Serious Play F3 Media Server versions 7.0.3.4968 (Pro), 7.0.2.4954, 6.5.2.4954, 6.4.2.4681, 6.3.2.4203, and 2.0.1.823 allows unauthenticated attackers to disclose the webserver's Python debug log file containing system information, credentials, paths, processes and command arguments running on the device. Attackers can access sensitive information by visiting the message_log page.
A security vulnerability in Nextcloud Server and Enterprise Server (CVSS 4.3). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures. Vendor patch is available.
A security vulnerability in Nextcloud Calendar (CVSS 5.7). Risk factors: public PoC available. Vendor patch is available.
Nextcloud Calendar is a calendar app for Nextcloud. Prior to 6.0.3, the Calendar app generates participant tokens for meeting proposals using a hash function, allowing an attacker to compute valid participant tokens, which allowed them to request details and submit dates in meeting proposals. The tokens are not purely random generated. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.3.
A security vulnerability in Nextcloud Server (CVSS 4.5) that allows an authenticated user. Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures. Vendor patch is available.
A flaw was found in util-linux.
A security vulnerability in GitLab CE/EE affecting all (CVSS 7.7). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
A security vulnerability in Himool ERP (CVSS 6.3). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
A security vulnerability in ketr JEPaaS (CVSS 6.3). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
CVE-2025-58098 is a security vulnerability (CVSS 8.3). High severity vulnerability requiring prompt remediation.
A security vulnerability in A vulnerability (CVSS 6.3). Risk factors: public PoC available.
In youlai-mall 1.0.0 and 2.0.0, authenticated users with low privileges can manipulate the orderId parameter in the /app-api/v1/orders/ endpoint due to improper control of dynamically-identified variables, leading to unauthorized access or modification of other users' order data. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable and a public proof-of-concept is available, though no vendor patch has been confirmed. EPSS indicates very low exploitation probability (0.06%), and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
A security vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server (CVSS 6.5). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
The My auctions allegro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.32 via the 'controller' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
A security vulnerability in the KDE Connect information-exchange protocol (CVSS 4.3). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
A remote code execution vulnerability in CKSource CKFinder (CVSS 5.0). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
A security vulnerability in KDE Connect (CVSS 4.3). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
A remote code execution vulnerability (CVSS 4.7). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
The SSP Debug plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This is due to the plugin storing PHP error logs in a predictable, web-accessible location (wp-content/uploads/ssp-debug/ssp-debug.log) without any access controls. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view sensitive debugging information including full URLs, client IP addresses, User-Agent strings, WordPress user IDs, and internal filesystem paths.