Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (67844)
A vulnerability in the Poly Lens Desktop application running on the Windows platform might allow modifications to the filesystem, which might lead to SYSTEM level privileges being granted. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The NVIDIA NVDebug tool contains a vulnerability that may allow an actor to run code on the platform host as a non-privileged user. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The NVIDIA NVDebug tool contains a vulnerability that may allow an actor to write files to restricted components. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6). No vendor patch available.
The NVIDIA NVDebug tool contains a vulnerability that may allow an actor to gain access to a privileged account . Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
TinyEnv is an environment variable loader for PHP applications. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
TinyEnv is an environment variable loader for PHP applications. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Copyparty is a portable file server. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Saleor is an e-commerce platform. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Open OnDemand is an open-source HPC portal. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CoreDNS is a DNS server that chains plugins. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CWE-328: Use of Weak Hash. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Jazz for Service Management 1.1.3.0 through 1.1.3.24 does not set the secure attribute on authorization tokens or session cookies. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CWE-200 Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CWE-1392: Use of Default Credentials. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CWE-1242: Inclusion of Undocumented Features. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of Default Cryptographic Key (CWE-1394). Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue in TP-Link AX10 Ax1500 v.1.3.10 Build (20230130) allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Sunshine for Windows, version v2025.122.141614, contains a DLL search-order hijacking vulnerability, allowing attackers to insert a malicious DLL in user-writeable PATH directories. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw has been found in ZhenShi Mibro Fit App 1.6.3.17499 on Android. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Ziston allows PHP Local File Inclusion. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Microsoft AutoUpdate (MAU) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
External control of file name or path in Azure Arc allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Xbox allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Microsoft Office Plus allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5). No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows UI XAML Maps MapControlSettings allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in uxper Sala.1.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Connected Devices Platform Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Capability Access Management Service (camsvc) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Microsoft Brokering File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation in Windows Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) allows an authorized attacker to deny service over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Internet Information Services allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Generation of error message containing sensitive information in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows DWM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
No cwe for this issue in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Imaging Component allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper restriction of communication channel to intended endpoints in Windows PowerShell allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in solwin Blog Designer PRO.4.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in highwarden Super Store Finder.9.7. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input vulnerability in ThemesGrove WP SmartPay.7.13. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password vulnerability in Hossein Material Dashboard.4.6. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A Stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q2.0 through 2025.Q2.9, 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.16, 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Session hijacking in Adobe Commerce (Magento) 2.4.x through 2.4.9-alpha2 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to take over active user sessions via improper input validation, confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV). With 73.72% EPSS score (99th percentile) and public exploit code available, this represents a critical, widespread threat to e-commerce platforms. Attackers gain unauthorized access to user accounts including administrative sessions without requiring victim interaction.
APTIOV contains vulnerabilities in the BIOS where a privileged user may cause “Write-what-where Condition” and “Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor” through local access. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An open database issue exists in the affected product and version. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security issue exists within FactoryTalk Activation Manager. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Missing authorization checks in the CSV download feature of TYPO3 CMS versions 11.0.0‑11.5.47, 12.0.0‑12.4.36, and 13.0.0‑13.4.17 allow backend users to disclose information from arbitrary database. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Missing authorization checks in the Workspace Module of TYPO3 CMS versions 9.0.0‑9.5.54, 10.0.0‑10.4.53, 11.0.0‑11.5.47, 12.0.0‑12.4.36, and 13.0.0‑13.4.17 allow backend users to directly invoke the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Error messages containing sensitive information in the File Abstraction Layer in TYPO3 CMS versions 9.0.0-9.5.54, 10.0.0-10.4.53, 11.0.0-11.5.47, 12.0.0-12.4.36, and 13.0.0-13.4.17 allow backend. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A deterministic three‑character prefix in the Password Generation component of TYPO3 CMS versions 12.0.0-12.4.36 and 13.0.0-13.4.17 reduces entropy, allowing attackers to carry out brute‑force. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
An uncaught exception in the Bookmark Toolbar of TYPO3 CMS versions 11.0.0-11.5.47, 12.0.0-12.4.36, and 13.0.0-13.4.17 lets administrator‑level backend users trigger a denial‑of‑service condition in. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC Virtualization as a Service (SIVaaS) (All versions). Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM RST2428P (6GK6242-6PA00) (All versions). Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PCS neo V4.1 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS neo V5.0 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS neo V6.0 (All versions), User Management Component (UMC) (All versions <. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PCS neo V4.1 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS neo V5.0 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS neo V6.0 (All versions), User Management Component (UMC) (All versions <. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PCS neo V4.1 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS neo V5.0 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS neo V6.0 (All versions), User Management Component (UMC) (All versions <. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in APOGEE PXC Series (BACnet) (All versions), APOGEE PXC Series (P2 Ethernet) (All versions), TALON TC Series (BACnet) (All versions). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q2.0 through 2025.Q2.9, 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.16, 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
When a user logs in via SAP Business One native client, the SLD backend service fails to enforce proper encryption of certain APIs. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SAP Business Planning and Consolidation allows an authenticated standard user to call a function module by crafting specific parameters that causes a loop, consuming excessive resources and resulting. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Due to missing input validation, an attacker with high privilege access to ABAP reports could delete the content of arbitrary database tables, if the tables are not protected by an authorization. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SAP NetWeaver AS Java application uses Adobe Document Service, installed with a vulnerable version of OpenSSL.Successful exploitation of known vulnerabilities in the outdated OpenSSL library would. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Due to the lack of randomness in assigning Object Identifiers in the SAP NetWeaver AS JAVA IIOP service, an authenticated attacker with low privileges could predict the identifiers by conducting a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Due to missing input validation, an attacker with high privilege access to ABAP reports could delete the content of arbitrary database tables, if the tables are not protected by an authorization. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID is rejected. No vendor patch available.