Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (67713)
Windu CMS is vulnerable to User Enumeration. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incomplete validation of rich response messages in WhatsApp for iOS prior to v2.25.23.73, WhatsApp Business for iOS v2.25.23.82, and WhatsApp for Mac v2.25.23.83 could have allowed a user to trigger. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Pixel Manager for WooCommerce - Track Conversions and Analytics, Google Ads, TikTok and more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary php files and gain full access of the affected devices. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The commissioning wizard on the affected devices does not validate if the device is already initialized. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A logic error vulnerability exists in Serv-U which when abused could give a malicious actor with access to admin privileges the ability to execute code. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Category and Product Woocommerce Tabs plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Uncontrolled Search Path Element Vulnerability in Setting and Operation Application for Lighting Control System MILCO.S Setting Application all versions, MILCO.S Setting Application (IR) all. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime (CWE-772) in the T21 Reader allows an attacker with physical access to the Reader to perform a denial-of-service attack against that specific. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Incorrect Usage of Seeds in Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CWE- 335) vulnerability in the High Sec ELM may allow a sophisticated attacker with physical access, to compromise internal device. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Observable Timing Discrepancy (CWE-208) in HBUS devices may allow an attacker with physical access to the device to extract device-specific keys, potentially compromising further site security.30. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A hard-coded password vulnerability exists in the ControlVault WBDI Driver functionality of Dell ControlVault3 prior to 5.15.14.19 and Dell ControlVault3 Plus prior to 6.2.36.47. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.175 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Google Chrome V8 contains a type confusion vulnerability in the JavaScript engine, the second V8 type confusion zero-day in 2025, exploited in targeted attacks.
IBM Storage Virtualize 8.4, 8.5, 8.7, and 9.1 IKEv1 implementation allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory via a Security Association (SA) negotiation request. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Planning Analytics Local 2.1.0 through 2.1.14 could allow a remote authenticated user to traverse directories on the system. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Planning Analytics Local 2.1.0 through 2.1.14 stores sensitive information in source code could be used in further attacks against the system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Freebox v5 HD (firmware = 1.7.20), Freebox v5 Crystal (firmware = 1.7.20), Freebox v6 Révolution r1-r3 (firmware = 4.7.x), Freebox Mini 4K (firmware = 4.7.x), and Freebox One (firmware = 4.7.x) were. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Kernel or driver software installed on a Guest VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to exploit a TOCTOU race condition and trigger a read and/or write of data outside the allotted memory. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
CWE-20 Improper Input Validation. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PDFPatcher thru 1.1.3.4663 executable's XML bookmark import functionality does not restrict XML external entity (XXE) references. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to gain write permissions to memory buffers exported as read-only. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in libvirt. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
QaTraq 6.9.2 ships with administrative account credentials which are enabled in default installations and permit immediate login via the web application login page. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in PS/IGES Parasolid Translator Component (All versions < V29.0.258), Solid Edge (All versions < V226.00 Update 03). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
EasyFlow GP developed by Digiwin has an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to obtain plaintext credentials of AD and system mail from the system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
EasyFlow GP developed by Digiwin has an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to obtain plaintext database account credentials from the system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in 'デジラアプリ' App for iOS prior to ver.80.10.00. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in WeiYe-Jing datax-web up to 2.1.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Bdtask/CodeCanyon Isshue Multi Store eCommerce Shopping Cart Solution 5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Farm Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.7 before 18.3.6, 18.4 before 18.4.4, and 18.5 before 18.5.2, that could have allowed a blocked user to access sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The vulnerability, if exploited, could allow a miscreant with read access to Edge Project files or Edge Offline Cache files to reverse engineer Edge users' app-native or Active Directory passwords. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Brightpick Mission Control discloses device telemetry, configuration, and credential information via WebSocket traffic to unauthenticated users when they connect to a specific URL. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Credential disclosure in the Brightpick Mission Control web application allows anyone able to retrieve the application's client-side JavaScript bundle to extract hardcoded credentials embedded in that code. Because the secrets ship to the browser, any user or adjacent-network actor who loads the front-end can recover them and potentially authenticate to back-end services in this warehouse-automation/ICS-OT product. Reported by CISA ICS-CERT (ICSA-25-317-04); no public exploit has been identified and EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.06%, 17th percentile).
General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway is vulnerable to a cleartext transmission vulnerability that could allow an attacker to observe network traffic to obtain sensitive information, including. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Ubee EVW3226 cable modem/routers firmware versions up to and including 1.0.20 store configuration backup files in the web root after they are generated for download. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Information Disclosure in web-accessible backup file in SourceCodester Simple Online Book Store System allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to disclose full database contents (including schema. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in the email parsing library due to improper handling of specially formatted recipient email addresses. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2 which allows Technical Information to be Disclosed through stack trace. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1). No vendor patch available.
A sensitive information disclosure vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser allows a locally authenticated non-admin user to retrieve sensitive data from Prisma Browser. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An insufficient validation of an untrusted input vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Browser allows a locally authenticated non-admin user to revert the browser’s security controls. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
On affected platforms running Arista EOS, certain serial console input might result in an unexpected reload of the device.153. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Search Guard FLX versions 3.1.2 and earlier, while Document-Level Security (DLS) is correctly enforced elsewhere, when the search is triggered from a Signals watch, the DLS rule is not enforced,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.3, 10.5.x <= 10.5.11, 10.12.x <= 10.12.0 fail to sanitize user data which allows system administrators to access password hashes and MFA secrets via the POST. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IQ-Support developed by IQ Service International has a Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access specific APIs to obtain sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out of bounds read in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.141 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Compositing in Google Chrome prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in WebApp Installs in Google Chrome on Android prior to 134.0.6998.35 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 124.0.6367.60 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 126.0.6478.182 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Fullscreen in Google Chrome prior to 128.0.6613.84 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Dawn in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 130.0.6723.92 allowed a remote attacker to perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 129.0.6668.58 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
SSH clients receiving SSH_AGENT_SUCCESS when expecting a typed response will panic and cause early termination of the client process. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 nimsh service SSL/TLS implementations could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper process controls. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 NIM server (formerly known as NIM master) service (nimesis) could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper process. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Sonarr 4.0.15.2940. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in Radarr 5.28.0.10274. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an unauthenticated attacker to reboot a firewall by sending a specially crafted packet through the dataplane. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Dell Alienware Command Center 6.x (AWCC), versions prior to 6.10.15.0, contain a Process Control vulnerability. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3). No vendor patch available.
Dell Alienware Command Center 6.x (AWCC), versions prior to 6.10.15.0, contains an Insecure Temporary File vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Certain HP LaserJet Pro printers may be vulnerable to information disclosure leading to credential exposure by altering the scan/send destination address and/or modifying the LDAP Server. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Certain HP LaserJet Pro printers may be vulnerable to information disclosure leading to credential exposure by altering the scan/send destination address and/or modifying the LDAP Server. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.