Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
How It Works
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions. This overwrites whatever data or code exists there, corrupting program state and potentially giving attackers control over execution flow.
Stack-based overflows are the most common variant. When a function allocates a fixed-size buffer on the stack and then copies user-controlled input without proper bounds checking, attackers can overflow past the buffer to overwrite the function's return address. When the function completes, instead of returning to legitimate code, execution jumps to attacker-specified memory containing malicious shellcode. Heap-based overflows work differently—they corrupt heap metadata like chunk size fields or free list pointers, leading to arbitrary memory writes when the allocator processes the corrupted structures.
Modern exploitation bypasses defensive mechanisms through techniques like Return-Oriented Programming (ROP), which chains together existing code snippets to avoid non-executable memory protections. Attackers may also use heap spraying to reliably position shellcode at predictable addresses, defeating address randomization.
Impact
- Remote code execution — attacker gains ability to run arbitrary commands with the privileges of the vulnerable process
- Privilege escalation — exploiting kernel or setuid program overflows to gain root/SYSTEM access
- Denial of service — crashes and memory corruption that render systems unusable
- Information disclosure — reading sensitive data from adjacent memory regions that should be inaccessible
- Authentication bypass — overwriting security-critical variables like permission flags or user IDs
Real-World Examples
Fortinet FortiOS suffered a critical buffer overflow (CVE-2025-32756) that allowed unauthenticated remote attackers to execute code as root on firewalls and VPN gateways. Attackers actively exploited this to compromise enterprise network perimeters before patches were available.
The Slammer worm from 2003 exploited a stack overflow in Microsoft SQL Server, spreading to 75,000 hosts in ten minutes by sending a single malformed UDP packet that overwrote the return address with shellcode. No authentication was required.
OpenSSH historically contained a heap overflow in challenge-response authentication that allowed pre-authentication remote root compromise on Unix systems, demonstrating how memory corruption in privileged network services creates maximum impact scenarios.
Mitigation
- Memory-safe languages — Rust, Go, and modern managed languages prevent buffer overflows by design through automatic bounds checking
- Stack canaries — random values placed before return addresses that detect corruption before control transfer
- Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) — randomizes memory locations making exploitation less reliable
- Data Execution Prevention (DEP/NX) — marks memory regions as non-executable, preventing direct shellcode execution
- Bounds checking — validate input sizes before copying, use safe functions like
strncpyinstead ofstrcpy - Fuzzing and static analysis — automated testing to discover overflows before deployment
Recent CVEs (36762)
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA Windows GPU Display Driver contains a vulnerability in the DirectX 10 Usermode driver, where a specially crafted pixel shader can cause writing to unallocated memory, leading to denial of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA Windows GPU Display Driver contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer handler for DxgkDdiEscape where the software uses a sequential operation to read or write a buffer, but it uses an. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The ext4_valid_block_bitmap function in fs/ext4/balloc.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.15 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and system crash) via a crafted ext4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
DVD X Player Standard 5.5.3.9 has a Buffer Overflow via a crafted .plf file, a related issue to CVE-2007-3068. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Linux kernel 4.15 has a Buffer Overflow via an SNDRV_SEQ_IOCTL_SET_CLIENT_POOL ioctl write operation to /dev/snd/seq by a local user. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
RSA Authentication Agent version 8.0.1 and earlier for Web for both IIS and Apache Web Server are impacted by a stack-based buffer overflow which may occur when handling certain malicious web cookies. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Exiv2 0.26, there is an out-of-bounds read in Exiv2::Internal::binaryToString in image.cpp. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
On Samsung mobile devices with M(6.0) and N(7.x) software, a heap overflow in the sensorhub binder service leads to code execution in a privileged process, aka SVE-2017-10991. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
On Samsung mobile devices with N(7.x) software, a buffer overflow in the vision service allows code execution in a privileged process via a large frame size, aka SVE-2017-11165. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In ImageMagick 7.0.7-24 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in IsWEBPImageLossless in coders/webp.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Format String vulnerability in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Multiple Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated,. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the quality of service (QoS) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Zsh before version 5.4.2-test-1 is vulnerable to a buffer overflow in the shell autocomplete functionality. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Copy without Size Check vulnerability could allow attackers to overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory.
Dell EMC ScaleIO, versions prior to 2.5, do not properly handle some packet data in the MDM service. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
clamscan in ClamAV before 0.99.4 contains a vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
A specially crafted HTTP request header could have crashed the Apache HTTP Server prior to version 2.4.30 due to an out of bound read while preparing data to be cached in shared memory. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A specially crafted request could have crashed the Apache HTTP Server prior to version 2.4.30, due to an out of bound access after a size limit is reached by reading the HTTP header. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
In Exiv2 0.26, the Exiv2::Internal::printCsLensFFFF function in canonmn_int.cpp allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory access) via a crafted file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In Exiv2 0.26, jpgimage.cpp allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (image.cpp Exiv2::Internal::stringFormat out-of-bounds read) via a crafted file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The pm_mallocarray2 function in lib/util/mallocvar.c in Netpbm through 10.81.03 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read) via a crafted image file, as. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The ReadTIFFImage function in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick 7.0.7-26 Q16 does not properly restrict memory allocation, leading to a heap-based buffer over-read. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
rsyslog librelp version 1.2.14 and earlier contains a Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the checking of x509 certificates from a peer that can result in Remote code execution. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Buffer overflow in Tiny FTP Daemon Ver0.52d allows an attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition or execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM GSKit (IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows 9.7, 10.1, 10.5, and 11.1) contains several environment variables that a local attacker could overflow and cause a denial of service. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In LibTIFF 4.0.9, a heap-based buffer overflow occurs in the function LZWDecodeCompat in tif_lzw.c via a crafted TIFF file, as demonstrated by tiff2ps. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In Omron CX-Supervisor Versions 3.30 and prior, parsing malformed project files may cause a heap-based buffer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Omron CX-Supervisor Versions 3.30 and prior, parsing malformed project files may cause an out of bounds vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Omron CX-Supervisor Versions 3.30 and prior, parsing malformed project files may cause a stack-based buffer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Netwide Assembler (NASM) 2.13.02rc2 has a buffer over-read in the parse_line function in asm/parser.c via uncontrolled access to nasm_reg_flags. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Netwide Assembler (NASM) 2.13.02rc2 has a stack-based buffer under-read in the function ieee_shr in asm/float.c via a large shift value. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Netwide Assembler (NASM) 2.13.02rc2 has a heap-based buffer over-read in the function tokenize in asm/preproc.c, related to an unterminated string. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in Kamailio before 4.4.7, 5.0.x before 5.0.6, and 5.1.x before 5.1.2. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Incorrect buffer length handling in the ncp_read_kernel function in fs/ncpfs/ncplib_kernel.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.11, and in drivers/staging/ncpfs/ncplib_kernel.c in the Linux kernel. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In Eaton ELCSoft versions 2.04.02 and prior, there are multiple cases where specially crafted files could cause a buffer overflow which, in turn, may allow remote execution of arbitrary code. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Memory write mechanism in NCR S2 Dispenser controller before firmware version 0x0108 allows an unauthenticated user to upgrade or downgrade the firmware of the device, including to older versions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In radare2 2.4.0, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the get_ivar_list_t function of mach0_classes.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In radare2 2.4.0, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the dalvik_op function of anal_dalvik.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In radare2 2.4.0, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the r_asm_disassemble function of asm.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow was found in the MikroTik RouterOS SMB service when processing NetBIOS session request messages. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In Dell EMC NetWorker versions prior to 9.2.1.1, versions prior to 9.1.1.6, 9.0.x, and versions prior to 8.2.4.11, the 'nsrd' daemon causes a buffer overflow condition when handling certain messages. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on vulnerable installations of Joyent SmartOS release-20170803-20170803T064301Z. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
elfutils 0.170 has a buffer over-read in the ebl_dynamic_tag_name function of libebl/ebldynamictagname.c because SYMTAB_SHNDX is unsupported. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The libevt_record_values_read_event() function in libevt_record_values.c in libevt before 2018-03-17 does not properly check for out-of-bounds values of user SID data size, strings size, or data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
A flaw was found in the Linux 4.x kernel's implementation of 32-bit syscall interface for bridging. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
A Stack-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in Delta Electronics Delta Industrial Automation DOPSoft, Version 4.00.01 or prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in CloudMe 1.11.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer over-read exists in curl 7.20.0 to and including curl 7.58.0 in the RTSP+RTP handling code that allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or information leakage. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
A buffer overflow exists in curl 7.12.3 to and including curl 7.58.0 in the FTP URL handling that allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or worse. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Windows 10 1703 and 1709 allow information disclosure, due to how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Information Disclosure. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 1703 and 1709 allow remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 1709 allow remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 and R2 SP1, Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, and Windows Server 2016 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
ChakraCore and Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1709 allows remote code execution, due to how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Chakra Scripting Engine Memory. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
ChakraCore allows remote code execution, due to how the ChakraCore scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.