Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
How It Works
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions. This overwrites whatever data or code exists there, corrupting program state and potentially giving attackers control over execution flow.
Stack-based overflows are the most common variant. When a function allocates a fixed-size buffer on the stack and then copies user-controlled input without proper bounds checking, attackers can overflow past the buffer to overwrite the function's return address. When the function completes, instead of returning to legitimate code, execution jumps to attacker-specified memory containing malicious shellcode. Heap-based overflows work differently—they corrupt heap metadata like chunk size fields or free list pointers, leading to arbitrary memory writes when the allocator processes the corrupted structures.
Modern exploitation bypasses defensive mechanisms through techniques like Return-Oriented Programming (ROP), which chains together existing code snippets to avoid non-executable memory protections. Attackers may also use heap spraying to reliably position shellcode at predictable addresses, defeating address randomization.
Impact
- Remote code execution — attacker gains ability to run arbitrary commands with the privileges of the vulnerable process
- Privilege escalation — exploiting kernel or setuid program overflows to gain root/SYSTEM access
- Denial of service — crashes and memory corruption that render systems unusable
- Information disclosure — reading sensitive data from adjacent memory regions that should be inaccessible
- Authentication bypass — overwriting security-critical variables like permission flags or user IDs
Real-World Examples
Fortinet FortiOS suffered a critical buffer overflow (CVE-2025-32756) that allowed unauthenticated remote attackers to execute code as root on firewalls and VPN gateways. Attackers actively exploited this to compromise enterprise network perimeters before patches were available.
The Slammer worm from 2003 exploited a stack overflow in Microsoft SQL Server, spreading to 75,000 hosts in ten minutes by sending a single malformed UDP packet that overwrote the return address with shellcode. No authentication was required.
OpenSSH historically contained a heap overflow in challenge-response authentication that allowed pre-authentication remote root compromise on Unix systems, demonstrating how memory corruption in privileged network services creates maximum impact scenarios.
Mitigation
- Memory-safe languages — Rust, Go, and modern managed languages prevent buffer overflows by design through automatic bounds checking
- Stack canaries — random values placed before return addresses that detect corruption before control transfer
- Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) — randomizes memory locations making exploitation less reliable
- Data Execution Prevention (DEP/NX) — marks memory regions as non-executable, preventing direct shellcode execution
- Bounds checking — validate input sizes before copying, use safe functions like
strncpyinstead ofstrcpy - Fuzzing and static analysis — automated testing to discover overflows before deployment
Recent CVEs (36657)
An out-of-bounds read issue exists within the parsing of DXF files in the Drawings SDK (All versions prior to 2022.4) resulting from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An out-of-bounds write issue exists in the DWG file-reading procedure in the Drawings SDK (All versions prior to 2022.4) resulting from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
A use-after-free issue exists in the DGN file-reading procedure in the Drawings SDK (All versions prior to 2022.4) resulting from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An out-of-bounds read issue exists in the DWG file-recovering procedure in the Drawings SDK (All versions prior to 2022.5) resulting from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Drawings SDK (All versions prior to 2022.4) are vulnerable to an out-of-bounds read due to parsing of DWG files resulting from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An out-of-bounds write issue exists in the DXF file-recovering procedure in the Drawings SDK (All versions prior to 2022.4) resulting from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An improper check for unusual or exceptional conditions issue exists within the parsing DGN files from Drawings SDK (Version 2022.4 and prior) resulting from the lack of proper validation of the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the Ethernet/IP UDP handler functionality of EIP Stack Group OpENer 2.3 and development commit 8c73bf3. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
D-Link DIR-2640-US 1.01B04 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
There are multiple out-of-bounds vulnerabilities in some processes of D-Link AC2600(DIR-2640) 1.01B04. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Matrix libolm before 3.2.3 allows a malicious Matrix homeserver to crash a client (while it is attempting to retrieve an Olm encrypted room key backup from the homeserver) because olm_pk_decrypt has. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A denial of service vulnerability exists in Wibu-Systems CodeMeter versions < 7.21a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A buffer over-read vulnerability exists in Wibu-Systems CodeMeter versions < 7.21a. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Out of bounds write in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 91.0.4472.101 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An invalid pointer initialization issue was found in the SLiRP networking implementation of QEMU. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An invalid pointer initialization issue was found in the SLiRP networking implementation of QEMU. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An invalid pointer initialization issue was found in the SLiRP networking implementation of QEMU. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OpenText Brava!. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in SonicOS allows a remote attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending a specially crafted request. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Chromecast bootROM, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Dell PowerEdge R640, R740, R740XD, R840, R940, R940xa, MX740c, MX840c, and T640 Server BIOS contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in systems with NVDIMM-N installed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Dell PowerEdge R640, R740, R740XD, R840, R940, R940xa, MX740c, MX840c, and T640 Server BIOS contain a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in systems with NVDIMM-N installed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Dell PowerEdge R640, R740, R740XD, R840, R940, R940xa, MX740c, MX840c, and, Dell Precision 7920 Rack Workstation BIOS contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in systems with Intel Optane. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The affected product is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may result in corruption of data or code execution on the Welch Allyn medical device management tools (Welch Allyn Service Tool:. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The affected product is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds read, which can cause information leakage leading to arbitrary code execution if chained to the out-of-bounds write vulnerability on the Welch. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper array index validation vulnerability exists in the TIF IP_planar_raster_unpack functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.9. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the JPG Handle_JPEG420 functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.9. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PNG png_palette_process functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.9. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the PSD read_icc_icCurve_data functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.9. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible memory corruption due to a double free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to uninitialized data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
In memory management driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
In memory management driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In memory management driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
In BinderDiedCallback of MediaCodec.cpp, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0).
In on_l2cap_data_ind of btif_sock_l2cap.cc, there is possible memory corruption due to a use after free. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
In avrc_msg_cback of avrc_api.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
A heap overflow in LzmaUefiDecompressGetInfo function in EDK II. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in disclosure of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-125: Out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in disclosure of information or remote code execution due to lack of sanity. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-125: Out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in disclosure of information or remote code execution due to lack of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in disclosure of information or remote code execution due to lack of sanity. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in loss of data or remote code execution due to lack of proper validation of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-125: Out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in loss of data or remote code execution due to missing length checks, when a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in loss of data or remote code execution due to missing size checks, when a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21140 and prior that could result in disclosure of information or execution of arbitrary code due to lack of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists inIGSS Definition (Def.exe) V15.0.0.21041 and prior that could result in loss of data or remote code execution due to missing length checks, when a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A possible buffer overflow vulnerability in NPU driver prior to SMR JUN-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary memory write and code execution. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A possible out of bounds write vulnerability in NPU driver prior to SMR JUN-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary memory write. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability in NPU firmware prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows arbitrary memory write and code execution. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability in sflacfd_get_frm() in libsflacextractor library prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on mediaextractor process. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability in sdfffd_parse_chunk_FVER() in libsdffextractor library prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on mediaextractor. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability in sdfffd_parse_chunk_PROP() in libsdffextractor library prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on mediaextractor. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability in sdfffd_parse_chunk_PROP() with Sample Rate Chunk in libsdffextractor library prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An improper input validation vulnerability in scmn_mfal_read() in libsapeextractor library prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on mediaextractor process. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability has been reported to affect certain QNAP switches running QSS. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in JerryScript 2.4.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
XScreenSaver 5.45 can be bypassed if the machine has more than ten disconnectable video outputs. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.0 to 2.4.46 a specially crafted SessionHeader sent by an origin server could cause a heap overflow. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
The cli_feat_read_cb() function in src/gatt-database.c does not perform bounds checks on the 'offset' variable before using it as an index into an array for reading. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Improper buffer restrictions in system firmware for some Intel(R) NUCs may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Out of bounds write in the BMC firmware for Intel(R) Server Board M10JNP2SB before version EFI BIOS 7215, BMC 8100.01.08 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable a denial of service. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in the BMC firmware for Intel(R) Server BoardM10JNP2SB before version EFI BIOS 7215, BMC 8100.01.08 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable an escalation of privilege. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
ConnMan (aka Connection Manager) 1.30 through 1.39 has a stack-based buffer overflow in uncompress in dnsproxy.c via NAME, RDATA, or RDLENGTH (for A or AAAA). Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Memory corruption vulnerability in the driver file component in McAfee GetSusp prior to 4.0.0 could allow a program being investigated on the local machine to trigger a buffer overflow in GetSusp,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SAP NetWeaver AS for ABAP (RFC Gateway), versions - KRNL32NUC - 7.22,7.22EXT, KRNL64NUC - 7.22,7.22EXT,7.49, KRNL64UC - 8.04,7.22,7.22EXT,7.49,7.53,7.73, KERNEL -. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
SAP NetWeaver AS for ABAP (RFC Gateway), versions - KRNL32NUC - 7.22,7.22EXT, KRNL64NUC - 7.22,7.22EXT,7.49, KRNL64UC - 8.04,7.22,7.22EXT,7.49,7.53,7.73, KERNEL -. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform (Enqueue Server), versions - KRNL32NUC - 7.22,7.22EXT, KRNL64NUC - 7.22,7.22EXT,7.49, KRNL64UC - 8.04,7.22,7.22EXT,7.49,7.53,7.73, KERNEL -. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.