Use After Free

in OpenHarmony v5.0.2 and prior versions allow a local attacker arbitrary code execution in pre-installed apps through use after free. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

in OpenHarmony v5.0.2 and prior versions allow a local attacker arbitrary code execution in pre-installed apps through use after free. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

in OpenHarmony v5.0.2 and prior versions allow a local attacker arbitrary code execution in pre-installed apps through use after free. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

in OpenHarmony v5.0.2 and prior versions allow a local attacker arbitrary code execution in pre-installed apps through use after free. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Memory corruption while calling the NPU driver APIs concurrently. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption may occur while accessing a variable during extended back to back tests. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption while handling multuple IOCTL calls from userspace for remote invocation. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption caused by missing locks and checks on the DMA fence and improper synchronization. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption during voice activation, when sound model parameters are loaded from HLOS, and the received sound model list is empty in HLOS drive. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption while invoking IOCTL calls from the use-space for HGSL memory node. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption while processing command in Glink linux. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

A Use After Free vulnerability on UniFi Protect Cameras could allow a Remote Code Execution (RCE) by a malicious actor with access to UniFi Protect Cameras management network. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ax25: rcu protect dev->ax25_ptr syzbot found a lockdep issue [1]. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers(), which iterates through the buffers. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: memory: tegra20-emc: fix an OF node reference bug in tegra_emc_find_node_by_ram_code() As of_find_node_by_name() release the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: corsair-void: Add missing delayed work cancel for headset status The cancel_delayed_work_sync() call was missed, causing a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: clear acl_access/acl_default after releasing them If getting acl_default fails, acl_access and acl_default will be released. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held: raw_sendmsg(). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: workqueue: Put the pwq after detaching the rescuer from the pool The commit 68f83057b913("workqueue: Reap workers via. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ndisc: use RCU protection in ndisc_alloc_skb() ndisc_alloc_skb() can be called without RTNL or RCU being held. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: neighbour: use RCU protection in __neigh_notify() __neigh_notify() can be called without RTNL or RCU protection. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arp: use RCU protection in arp_xmit() arp_xmit() can be called without RTNL or RCU protection. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: openvswitch: use RCU protection in ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info() ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info() can be called without RTNL or RCU. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ndisc: extend RCU protection in ndisc_send_skb() ndisc_send_skb() can be called without RTNL or RCU held. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: mcast: extend RCU protection in igmp6_send() igmp6_send() can be called without RTNL or RCU being held. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vsock: Keep the binding until socket destruction Preserve sockets bindings; this includes both resulting from an explicit bind(). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix use-after-free when attempting to join an aborted transaction When we are trying to join the current transaction and if. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: HWS, change error flow on matcher disconnect Currently, when firmware failure occurs during matcher disconnect flow, the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: ufs: core: Fix use-after free in init error and remove paths devm_blk_crypto_profile_init() registers a cleanup handler to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: MGMT: Fix slab-use-after-free Read in mgmt_remove_adv_monitor_sync This fixes the following crash:. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: uvcvideo: Remove dangling pointers When an async control is written, we copy a pointer to the file handle that started the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: ufs: bsg: Set bsg_queue to NULL after removal Currently, this does not cause any issues, but I believe it is necessary to set. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe/tracing: Fix a potential TP_printk UAF The commit afd2627f727b ("tracing: Check "%s" dereference via the field and not the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nbd: don't allow reconnect after disconnect Following process can cause nbd_config UAF: 1) grab nbd_config temporarily; 2). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion The rtwdev->scanning flag isn't protected by mutex originally,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: padata: fix UAF in padata_reorder A bug was found when run ltp test: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in padata_find_next+0x29/0x1a0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: padata: avoid UAF for reorder_work Although the previous patch can avoid ps and ps UAF for _do_serial, it can not avoid potential. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced Patch series "nilfs2: protect busy buffer heads from being force-cleared". Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: davicom: fix UAF in dm9000_drv_remove dm is netdev private data and it cannot be used after free_netdev() call. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Fix implicit ODP use after free Prevent double queueing of implicit ODP mr destroy work by using __xa_cmpxchg() to make. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath12k: fix read pointer after free in ath12k_mac_assign_vif_to_vdev() In ath12k_mac_assign_vif_to_vdev(), if arvif is. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i3c: dw: Fix use-after-free in dw_i3c_master driver due to race condition In dw_i3c_common_probe, &master->hj_work is bound with. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pps: Fix a use-after-free On a board running ntpd and gpsd, I'm seeing a consistent use-after-free in sys_exit() from gpsd when. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Use after free in some Zoom Workplace Apps and SDKs may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Use after free in some Zoom Workplace Apps and SDKs may allow an authenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

A use-after-free flaw was found in X.Org and Xwayland. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

A use-after-free flaw was found in X.Org and Xwayland. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

A use-after-free flaw was found in X.Org and Xwayland. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Use after free in Network in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.126 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted web app. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

libxml2 before 2.12.10 and 2.13.x before 2.13.6 has a use-after-free in xmlSchemaIDCFillNodeTables and xmlSchemaBubbleIDCNodeTables in xmlschemas.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Vim is a greatly improved version of the good old UNIX editor Vi. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2). This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netem: Update sch->q.qlen before qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() notifies parent qdisc only if child qdisc. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Use after free in Navigation in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.98 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Use after free in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.98 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: sched: Disallow replacing of child qdisc from one parent to another Lion Ackermann was able to create a UAF which can be. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Use after free in some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi and Killerâ„¢ WiFi software for Windows before version 23.80 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hrtimers: Handle CPU state correctly on hotplug Consider a scenario where a CPU transitions from CPUHP_ONLINE to halfway through a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

PDF-XChange Editor AcroForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Tungsten Automation Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

DHCP Client Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Windows Win32 Kernel Subsystem Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Illustrator versions 29.1, 28.7.3 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: zswap: properly synchronize freeing resources during CPU hotunplug In zswap_compress() and zswap_decompress(), the per-CPU. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

in OpenHarmony v4.1.2 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause the common permission is upgraded to root and sensitive information leak through use after free. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability in the display module Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may cause features to perform abnormally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

A double-close vulnerability exists in libcurl when tearing down connection channels after threaded name resolution, causing the same eventfd file descriptor to be closed twice. This affects curl version 8.11.1 and various NetApp products that bundle libcurl, potentially leading to file descriptor confusion, limited information disclosure, and high availability impact. A public proof-of-concept exploit is available (HackerOne report 2954286), and the vulnerability has a notably high EPSS score of 6.37% (91st percentile), indicating elevated real-world exploitation likelihood.

Use after free in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.53 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Use after free in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 133.0.6943.53 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

A race during concurrent delazification could have led to a use-after-free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

An attacker could have caused a use-after-free via the Custom Highlight API, leading to a potentially exploitable crash. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

An attacker could have caused a use-after-free via crafted XSLT data, leading to a potentially exploitable crash. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

rust-openssl is a set of OpenSSL bindings for the Rust programming language. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

Memory corruption may occour occur when stopping the WLAN interface after processing a WMI command from the interface. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption while invoking IOCTL calls from user-space to kernel-space to handle session errors. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Memory corruption while registering a buffer from user-space to kernel-space using IOCTL calls. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to make improper GPU processing. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: zram: fix potential UAF of zram table If zram_meta_alloc failed early, it frees allocated zram->table without setting it NULL. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to trigger use-after-free kernel exceptions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to trigger use-after-free kernel exceptions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to trigger use-after-free kernel exceptions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Use after free in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 132.0.6834.159 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In TBD of TBD, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In TBD of TBD, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.